• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.336-340
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible utilization of Zanthoxylum schinifolium as a source of antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial effects of Zanthoxylum schinifolium extracts were investigated against Acinetobacter baumannii, which is a multi-drug resistant pathogen, and 5 other pathogenic microorganisms. The hexane extract of Zanthoxylum schinifolium was more effective than the ethyl acetate, n-butanol and methanol extracts which were active against Acinetobacter baumannii 25, with minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) ranging from 0.8 mg/ml to 1.6 mg/ml. Tetracycline had no effect on Acinetobacter baumanniii. The hexane extract was highly active against Candida albicans IFO 6258, with an MIC of 1.5 mg/ml. In contrast, the ethyl acetate, n-butanol and methanol extracts showed no activity against the 5 pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, a combination of hexane extract and ethyl acetate extract was significantly more active against the 5 Acinetobacter baumannii strains than n-butanol and methanol. These results suggest that Zanthoxylum schinifolium extracts have great potential as antimicrobial compounds against multi-drug resistant pathogens, and further studies are warranted.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to compare crop contamination between two irrigation methods using microbial-contaminated water. The effect of relative humidity on microbial survival of the three indicator microorganisms was also investigated. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Clostridium perfringens ATCC 3624, and coliphage PRD1 were applied to irrigation water to grow cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell pepper. Half of the sixteen plots were subsurface drip irrigated (SDI) and the other half were furrow irrigated (FI). Two relative humidity levels were controlled at 15-65 % and 55-80 % for the dry and humid condition experiments, respectively. Samples of produce, surface soil, and subsurface soil at a depth of 10 cm were collected over a two-week period following the application of the study microorganisms. Overall, greater contamination of both produce and soil occurred in the FI plots. For the SDI plots, preferential water paths and resulting water appearance on the seed beds seemed to be responsible for produce contamination. Relative humidity levels did not appear to affect microbial survival in soil. PRD 1 showed lower inactivation rates than 5. coli in both dry and humid conditions. C. perfringens did not experience significant inactivation over the experimental period, suggesting this microorganism can be an effective indicator of fecal contamination.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.755-761
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• 2006

Recently, there is growing interest in ultraviolet (UV) irradiation as a disinfection technic in drinking water production due to its effectiveness to inactivate microorganisms such as Crytosporidium parvum without forming disinfection byproducts. However, UV disinfection is known for its drawback such as photoreactivation. Despite many works concerning the photoreactivation, most of works were focused on indicator or non pathogenic microorganisms. The objective of this study is to examine the photoreactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is an opportunistic pathogen as UV radiation by LP and MP UV lamp was applied. The result showed that P. aeruginosa had high photo repair efficiency regardless of the type of UV irradiation. Both of the effective log repair values of LP and MP UV irradiation were found approximately 2.6 log. In addition, photo repaired P. aeruginosa was not significantly different in forming biofilm in comparison with non treated P. aeruginosa.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.100-106
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• 1999

Use of chemical preservative for controlling harmful microorganisms in food products has been debated due to public concerns about food quality because of perceived toxic and carcinogenic potential. Thus, use of non toxic natural antimicrobial agents has become essential. This study was investigated to determine the antimicrobial activity of water or ethanol extract of commercially available tea, and of solvent fractionated ethanol extracts obtained from steamed green tea. Both of water and ethanol extracts of green tea(steamed or roasted), oolong tea and black tea exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against gram positive and negative bacteria, but not effective against yeast and mold. Also, antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of 4 different kinds of tea was stronger than that of water extract. Among 4 different tea, ethanol extract of steamed green tea was further fractionated. One thousand g/disk buthanol extract had the strongest antimicrobial activity against bacteria and mold. The concentration of the antimicrobial activity of buthanol extract in tested microorganisms ranged from 125~1000 g/disk except for Rhizopus javanicus. Antimicrobial activity of buthanol extract of steamed green tea was not destroyed by heating at 100oC for 60 min and at 121oC for 15 min, which is very stable over heat treatment. The inhibitory effect of the buthanol extract on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. Growth of both strains was started in the presence of 250 and 500 g/ml after 12 and 24 hour respectively, whereas complete inactivation of both strains was occurred in the presence of 1000 g/ml.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.324-333
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different oral care treatments on the oral state of patients with intubation in intensive care units. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group design with repeated measures. The patients were assigned a normal saline, chlorhexidine or toothbrushing group. Each group received its own oral care treatment for 5 minutes, twice a day and for 8 days. The oral assessment guide, hygiene performance index and pathogenic microorganisms. Data were collected from patients before the experiment, 4 days after, and 8 days after completion and were evaluated. Results: The chlorhexidine group and tooth brushing group showed significant improvement on the oral assessment guide and decrease in the hygiene performance index, compared to the normal saline group. Similarly, pathogenic microorganisms were significantly decreased in the chlorhexidine group and tooth brushing group, when compared to the normal saline group. Conclusions: Oral treatments with chlorhexidine and toothbrushing improve the oral health state of patients, therefore use of chlorhexidine and toothbrushing could be an effective nursing intervention for intubated patients in intensive care units.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 1997

The changes of microorganisms, pH, color and flavor were examined in the chicken treated with O％, 1%, 2%, and 3% lactic acid solutions during the storage at 4$^{\circ}C$. Lactic acid treatment inhibited the growth of mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and enteric bacilli as the concentration increased, however, it was not effective on yeasts and molds. Extension of lag phase for mesophilic bacteria and suppression of log phase for psychrotrophs and enteric bacilli were observed in the growth inhibition patterns. The pH of the chicken increased during the storage and antimicrobial effect of lactic acid appears to be due to mainly the decrease of pH. No flavor change of the chicken was observed by any lactic acid treatment, however, 3％ lactic acid caused discoloration of the chicken.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.415-424
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• 2011

This research was conducted to verified the effectiveness of a sintered porous media coated with organic matter as nutrient source and microorganisms as decomposer effective in TPH decomposition for a closed-typed biopole system. The organic matter content in the sintered porous media which was developed with bentonite increased with increasing dilution ratio of pig slurry and the sintered porous media as well as decrease in the particle size of sintered porous media. The decomposition rate of TPH was significantly increased with increasing aeration than that under atmospheric condition. Also the sintered porous media containing organic matter and microorganisms proved that the decomposition was enhanced with addition of nutrients sources in addition to aeration periodically.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2023

Many skin diseases are caused by microbial infections. Representative pathogenic fungus and bacterium that cause skin diseases are Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Malassezia pachydermatis is a fungus that causes animal skin diseases. In this study, we propose a method for removing pathogenic microorganisms from the skin using relatively safe edible herbal extracts. Herbal extracts were screened for skin health through the removal of pathogenic microorganisms, and combinations for effective utilization of the screened extracts were identified. In this study, among methanol extracts of 240 edible plants, C. albicans, S. aureus, and M. pachydermatis were killed by extracts of 10 plants: Acori Gramineri Rhizoma, Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix, Cinnamomi Cortex, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Impatientis Semen, Magnoliae Cortex, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Phellodendri Cortex, Scutellariae Radix, and Syzygii Flos. By evaluating the synergistic antifungal activities against C. albicans using all 45 possible combinations of these 10 extracts, five new synergistic antifungal combinations, Acori Gramineri Rhizoma with Magnoliae Cortex extracts, Acori Gramineri Rhizoma with Phellodendri Cortex extracts, Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix with Magnoliae Cortex extracts, Magnoliae Cortex with Phellodendri Cortex extracts, and Phellodendri Cortex with Syzygii Flos extracts, were identified. By utilizing the selected extracts and five combinations with synergistic antifungal effects, this work provides materials and methods to develop new and safe methods for treating candidiasis using natural products.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1023-1030
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• 2012

Contents of ginsenosides 7 subordinations of two-year ginseng (fresh ginseng) is 1.27% and three-year ginseng is 2.09%, so the three-year ginseng root increased 64.9% compared to the two-year root. Compared with the comparison group, ginsenosides component content of KEM+SAF-applied group increased 24% in case of the two-year root and 20% in case of the three-year root. In vitamin C content, two-year root showed 59.4% higher and three-year root showed 37.7% higher in KEM+SAF applied group compared with the comparison group. In case of vitamin E, the two-year root indicated 5.6% higher and three-year root indicated 1.5% higher in KEM+SAF applied group compared with the comparison group, but there is no significant difference. In phytosterol three components (campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol), two-year root showed 25.3, 3.6, 14.1% higher for each, and three-year root showed 23.6, 6.8, 12.9% higher in KEM+SAF applied group and 14.4% was higher on average. In DPPH, two-year root indicated 34.4% higher and three-year root indicated 42.4% higher in KEM+SAF applied group compared to the comparison group. To sum up the results, KEM+SAF applied group showed (1)22% ginsenosides components content, (2)48.6% vitamin C content, (3)3.6% vitamin E content, (4)14.4% phytosterol content, (5)38.4% DPPH higher averagely compared to the comparison group.

• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.219-229
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• 2006

Seventeen microbial species including 10 fungal taxa, two yeasts and five bacteria, were isolated from freshly prepared orange, guava and banana juices kept in open bottles at room temperature for 7 days. Eight different essential oils, from local herbs, were tested for their antimicrobial activity against these test organisms. The essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum and Origanum majorana were found to be highly effective against these microorganisms. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the most prevalent microorganisms in juice, showed the highest resistance against these essential oils. GC-MS analysis showed that while e-citral, a'-myrcene, and z-citral represent the major components (75.1 %) of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus; bezynen,l-methyl-4-(2-propenyl), 1,8-cineole and trans-a'-bisabolene were the main components (90.6%) of Ocimum basilicum; whereas 3-cyclohexen-l-0l,4-methyl-l(l-methylethyl)-(CAS), c-terpinene and trans-caryophyllene represent the major components (65.1%) of Origanum majorana. These three essential oils were introduced into juices by two techniques namely, fumigation and direct contact. The former technique showed more fungicidal effect than the latter one against A. flavus, A. niger, and S. cerevisiae. The essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus by comparison to other test oils showed the strongest effect against these fungi with a minimum inhibitory concentration of $1.5\;{\mu}l/ml$ medium and a sublethal concentration of $1.0\;{\mu}l/ml$. The antimicrobial activity of this oil is thermostable at $121^{\circ}C$ for 30 min.