• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2000

The Ultrasonographic method alas been widely applied to evaluating gastric motility with safety and reproducibility ill human medicine but few reference to its use in veterinary medicine is appeared. Therefore, in this study, the gastric motility was evaluated with ultrasonography by the cri-terion of mean cycle lime, short and lony axis and the area of pyloric antrum in dogs, fed with liquid of semisolid meals. Furthermore, the animals were evaluated for the effect of metoclopramide on the motility of pyloric antrum. Healthy 5 mongrel male dogs were fed with either 400 ml of milk a: a liquid meal or a mixed meal of 200 ml of milk with two pieces of bread as a semisolid meal. Mean cycle time of pyloric antrum of dogs was significantly delayed after feeding either of liquid and , semi- solid meals(P<0.05), alls it was returned to the fasting state at 60 min. after feeding of liquid meal and 160 min. after feeding of semisolid meal. Mean area of pyloric antrum of dogs was gradually decreased and was returned to the lasting state at 80 min. in doss fed liquid meal. but 1600 min. in dog\ulcorner fed semisolid meal. The administration of metoclopramide (1.0 mg/kg of of B.W.) accelerated the mean cycle time of pyloric antrum from 20 mill. to 60 min. after feeding of liquid meal and from 40 min. to 120 min. after feeding of semisolid meal. From this study, the ultrasonography was confirmed as a valuable diagnostic method leer evaluating the gastric motility and gastric area in dogs. It is non-invasive, safe and reproducible, and provides a method for the study of the effect of drugs and diseases states on gastric motility.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2005

A retrospective study was performed with 9 cases of spontaneous canine hypoadrenocorticism presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University. The disease occurred mostly in young to middle­aged dogs. Most dogs had chronic nonspecific signs such as episodic anorexia, lethargy and vomiting, but 3 dogs were brought to the hospital with an acute adrenal crisis. Serum biochemical analysis revealed azotemia, abnormal concentration of sodium, potassium, and chloride in almost all the patients. Diagnoses were made based on lack of adrenocortical response to exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH). Most dogs have been responded well with mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid replacement except for a dog which died during treatment for adrenal crisis. Three dogs treated with fludrocortisone acetate(final median dosage, $31.0{\mu}g/kg/day$) for mineralocorticoid supplementation showed some adverse effects, such as excessive appetite and polyuria/polydipsia. In this study, it was suggested that clinicians should also consider hypoadrenocorticism when they diagnose a patient showing nonspecific gastrointestinal signs with unknown cause or laboratory findings which mimic primary renal diseases.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.194-197
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• 2012

호흡곤란과 기침을 주 증상으로 보이는 세마리 개가 내원하였다. 신체검사, 혈액검사와 더불어 영상학적 검사가 진행되었다. 한마리 개에서는 흉부 방사선 사진상 연부조직 밀도를 보이는 종괴가 폐엽에서 확인 되었고 CT 검사를 통해 종양 가능성이 배제되었다. 두마리 개에서 폐에 기관지 확장증이 동반된 기관지 간질 침윤이 확인되었고 세 마리 개 모두 조직병리학적 검사 혹은 세포학적 검사를 통해 호산구성 기관지폐병증이 진단되었다. 약 처방 후 임상 증상은 신속히 개선되었고 영상검사상에서 병변의 감소가 뚜렷하게 관찰되었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2017

The mammary gland tumor (MGT) is the most common neoplasia in intact female dogs. Of these, 50% are malignant and metastasis to the other sites are often occurred. Therefore, it is very important for decision of treatment plan and prognosis to differentiate benign tumor from malignancies. Calcification of MGT is a very important imaging finding. The purpose of this study was to investigate the radiological and computed tomographic images of the MGT and the morphology and distribution of calcifications in the MGT using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification. A total of 42 dogs with MGT were included in this study. The dogs were divided into two groups into benign and malignant groups based upon histologic or cytologic results. The appearance of calcification in the tumor on radiographs and CT images was analyzed for the HU value of pre- and post-contrast injection, margin, surface, and shape of the tumor and the lymph node abnormalities. On radiographs, the positive predictive value of malignant and benign tumors was 72.72 and 85.71%, respectively. On CT examinations, the positive predictive value of malignant and benign tumors was the same value of 83.33%. The maximum diameter of the tumor and the presence of abnormal lymph nodes on CT images showed a strong correlation with malignancies. Therefore, it is thought that radiographs and CT provide useful information for evaluating MGT in dogs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.91-106
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• 1970

Two groups of left pulmonary-subclavian artery anastomosis were done in 26 adult mongorel dogs. For the first group. the distal end of the subclnvian artery was nnastomosed to the side of the left pulmonary artery, and for the second group, the subclavian end wns anastomosed to the proximal end of the left lower lobe pulmonary artery. Among them, 6 died of bleeding or anesthetic failure during the day of operation, 10 survived 1 to 106 days and the other 10 were sacrificed at various interval. To investigate the relationship between hemodynamic stress and temporal evolution of the pulmonary vascular lesions. the pulmona try and femoral artery pressures, arteriogram and pathohistological specimens were obtained. The following results were obtained. 1. The postoperative pulmonary artery pressures were within normal limits except 2 dogs in the first group, but in nil 12 dogs of the second group, they were in moderate to maked pulmonary hypertension level. 2 After subclavian pulmonary anastomosis, both groups dogs showed increased femond artery pulse pressure. 3. The pulmonary vascular changes were more severe and appeared earlier in the second group dogs compared with the first group.4. The earliest vascular changes appeared in the media of the small muscular arteries and arterioles. 5. Various vascular chaDges were produced in 2 or 3 months. Thereafter, the changes were stationary. 6. Among the first group, two long-term servivors (No. 705 & 713) which had normal pulmonary artery pressure under the anesthesia, also showed various vascular changes as other pulmonary hypertensive dogs. 7. In the early stage medial hypertrophy. interruptio~l of elastic lamellae were found in the small muscular arteries and arterioles, which were followed by intimal proliferation and thrombosis. These findings may suggest some evidences of trauma to the vessels. 8. Pulmonary arteriograms showed irregularity of the intima of the large and medium sized arteries, abrupt ending of some of the small arteries and narrowing of the anastomosis.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.345-349
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of needle-acupuncture (needle-AP) at PC06 and BL15 on xylazine induced bradycardia in dogs. Total 12 dogs were divided into control (4 dogs), PC06 (4 dogs) and BL15 (4 dogs) groups, respectively. As for the treatments in each group, control group was injected with xylazine only. PC06 and BL15 groups were treated by needle-AP during 20 minutes at the same time of xylazine injection. The changes of heart rates, R-R intervals and respiratory rates were investigated on pre, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes after xylazine injection. The change of heart rates in experimental PC06 and BL15 groups revealed significant increase on 10 (p<0.05) and 20 minutes (p<0.05) after xylazine injection, compared with those of control group. In addition, heart rates in PC06 group showed increased value on 30 minutes (p<0.05) after xylazine injection, comparing with those of BL15 group. The changes of respiratory rates in experimental PC06 and BL15 groups revealed significant increase on 20 minutes (p<0.05) after xylazine injection, compared with those of control group, however, significance was not found between experimental groups. In conclusion, needle-AP at PC06 and BL15 were effective for improvement of xylazine induced canine bradycardia and needle-AP at PC06 was more effective than that at BL15.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2015

The lung opacity on radiography is influenced by various factors. The physical density of the lung and the attenuation ensured on computed tomography (CT) scans is determined by three components : lung tissue, blood, and air. Temporary right lateral recumbency may responsible for the increase of opacity on ventrodorsal projection view. Thus, our aim is to demonstrate that the effect of right lateral recumbency posture on right lung opacity using radiograph and CT scan. In this study, 62 dogs without clinical or radiologic signs of cardiopulmonary disease are selected. Thorax radiographs per 30 seconds for 2 minutes (30s, 60s, 90s, 120s) were performed for 62 dogs. After discussion of the radiographic findings of lung field by two radiologists and a student at Chungbuk national university veterinary medical center a consensus opinion was recorded. Computed tomography per a minute (1 min, 2 min) for 2 minutes were performed for 2 dogs. Mean x-ray attenuation of lung was measured quantitatively using software at two levels (aortic arch and basal level). Among 62 dogs with radiograph comparison, 9.3% of dogs showed influence by postural effect. However, all 2 dogs with computed tomography comparison, showed influence by postural effect. In conclusion, position dependent changes of lung density in CT exam are not consistent with thoracic radiograph.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2020

Left atrial enlargement (LAE) is an important diagnostic factor in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). It is associated with the onset of congestive heart failure (CHF). Recently, a new radiographic left atrial measurement called vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) was introduced. This can be considered as a left atrial enlargement above 2.3. It appears to be related to the severity of MMVD. However, serial changes in VLAS in relation to disease progression and improvement in patients have yet to be studied. This study aims to assess the value of VLAS as a left atrial size monitoring indicator by examining correlations with VHS, LA/Ao ratio and LVIDDN, and comparing serial changes in dogs. A total of 126 dogs were studied with their owners' consent. The dogs were classified into four MMVD groups (Control, B1, B2, C-D) following the ACVIM Guideline by performing a physical examination, radiography and echocardiography. Besides, 24 and 17 dogs were reevaluated to compare values in relation to the progression and improvement of MMVD. VLAS showed significant increase according to the progress of the MMVD stage. This was the same in the Maltese breed group. A strong positive correlation was found between LVIDDN, VHS, LA/Ao ratio, and VLAS. The results of this study found VLAS to be significantly different according to left atrium size, and there was a correlation between disease progression and VLAS levels in each dog. Therefore, VLAS may be used to detect changes in left atrium size as an additional monitoring index of MMVD.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2019

Pimobendan is an inodilator used to treat canine heart failure, and pentoxifylline is reported to be beneficial for microcirculation and heart disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of a novel pimobendan-pentoxifylline liquid mixture after oral administration to dogs. Eight healthy Beagle dogs were included in the study. The dogs were divided into the control group (orally administered water; n = 4) and experimental group (orally administered pimobendan-pentoxifylline liquid mixture [pimobendan 0.25 mg/kg, pentoxifylline 15 mg/kg]; n = 4). Plasma samples were obtained and echocardiographic indices were measured for 24 hours after administration. The concentrations of pimobendan and pentoxifylline were quantified by using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS). The elimination half-life ($T_{1/2}$) was $32.96{\pm}9.80mins$ for pimobendan and $29.49{\pm}6.67mins$ for pentoxifylline. The time to reach maximum concentration ($T_{max}$) were $52.50{\pm}31.22mins$ for pimobendan and $41.25{\pm}18.87mins$ for pentoxifylline. The maximum blood concentration ($C_{max}$) was $96.92{\pm}75.64ng/mL$ for pimobendan and $7074.07{\pm}3261.1ng/mL$ for pentoxifylline. Of the echocardiographic indices, fractional shortening (FS) and left ventricular internal diameter at end systole (LVIDs) were significantly altered at 1-3 hours after the administration of pimobendan-pentoxifylline liquid mixture. The pimobendan-pentoxifylline liquid mixture was well tolerated by the dogs, with no adverse effects observed during the study.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.52.1-52.11
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• 2020

Background: Intradural-intramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion (IIVDE) is a rare condition of intervertebral disc disease. However, the diagnosis of IIVDE is challenging because the prognosis and imaging characteristics are poorly characterized. Objectives: We aimed to describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of tentatively diagnosed IIVDE in dogs to assess the prognostic utility of neurological grade and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Methods: Twenty dogs were included in this retrospective cohort study. Results: Nonchondrodystrophic breeds (n = 16) were more predisposed than chondrodystrophic breeds. Most dogs showed acute onset of clinical signs. Neurological examination at admission showed predominant non-ambulatory paraparesis (n = 9); paresis (n = 16) was confirmed more frequently than paralysis (n = 4). Follow-up neurological examination results were only available for 11 dogs, ten of whom showed neurological improvement and 8 showed successful outcomes at 1 month. The characteristic MRI findings include thoracic vertebra (T)2 hyperintense, T1 hypointense, intramedullary linear tracts with reduced disc volume, and cleft of the annulus fibrosus. None of the MRI measurements were significantly correlated with neurological grade at admission. Neurological grade did not differ according to the presence of parenchymal hemorrhage, parenchymal contrast enhancement, and meningeal contrast enhancement. Neurological grades at admission showed a statistical correlation with those observed at the 1-month follow-up (r = 0.814, p = 0.02). Conclusions: IIVDE is a rare form of disc extrusion commonly experienced after physical activity or trauma and most frequently affects the cranial-cervical and thoracolumbar regions of nonchondrodystrophic dog breeds. Neurological score at admission emerged as a more useful prognostic indicator than MRI findings in dogs with suspected IIVDE.