• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

In this study, the features of canine lymphoma on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were evaluated in three small breed dogs. In case 1, ultrasonography and CT indicated neoplastic involvement of the sternal, right axillary, submandibular, lower cervical, tracheobronchial, mesenteric, and sublumbar lymph nodes; spleen; and liver. However, intense FDG uptake on PET/CT images was detected only for the lymph nodes and spleen. No FDG uptake by the liver was detected for case 1 despite the confirmation of lymphoma by cytology. In case 2, ultrasonography and CT indicated neoplastic involvement of the axillary, mesenteric, and sublumbar lymph nodes and the spleen, while intense FDG uptake on PET/CT images was detected for the axillary and a few mesenteric lymph nodes, and the spleen. FDG uptake was additionally observed from popliteal lymph nodes, however there was no uptake by the sublumbar lymph nodes and some mesenteric lymph nodes. In case 3, neoplastic changes in the splenic, mesenteric, and sublumbar lymph nodes and spleen were suspected on ultrasonography, and lower cervical and popliteal lymph node involvements were additionally detected on PET/CT. Compared to ultrasonography, repeated PET/CT showed increased FDG uptake by the lymph nodes at an earlier stage after chemotherapy in case 3. This study illustrated the features of PET/CT in canine lymphomas and compared those to ultrasonography and CT findings. FDG uptakes were not detected from some lesions which were suspected to be neoplastic involvement in case 1 and 2. We could not clearly explain the reason of this result in the present study because cytological or histological examination was not performed for lesions that showed different results on ultrasonography, CT, and PET/CT. Further studies on the subclassification of canine lymphoma and the sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT for the detection of canine lymphoma are required. PET/CT data can provide useful information for predicting the therapeutic response at an early stage after treatment.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.158-161
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• 2015

세균성 피부염은 항생제 치료가 필요한 흔한 질환이다. 최근 항생제 내성 세균이 전 세계적으로 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 개 피부염 병변에서 분리한 S. pseudintermedius의 항생제 내성 유전자 발현을 조사하고, 이를 디스크 감수성 시험결과와 비교하였다. 총 7개의 S. pseudintermedius 균주가 연구에 포함되었다. 세균 동정은 16S rDNA 염기 서열 분석으로 실시하였다. 조사 결과 분리한 S. pseudintermedius 모두가 1개 이상의 항생제 내성유전자(mecA, blaZ and aac[6']/aph[2"])를 보유하였다. 전체 분리균주가 blaZ 유전자에 양성을 보였으나, 두 개 균주만이 amoxicillin/clavulanate에 내성을 나타냈다. Gentamicin 내성을 나타낸 5개 균주 중, 1개는 aac(6')/aph(2") 유전자에 대한 PCR 검사에서 음성을 나타냈다. 이 결과는 내성 유전자 검출 PCR 기법과 디스크 감수성 시험 기법이 항생제 내성을 검사하는 데에 있어 상호보완적인 관계를 가짐을 제시한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1983

Pulmonary function is the determinant of blood gas tension. However, Acid-Base disturbances can also alter partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. During respiratory acidosis $PO_2$ will be lowered and reverse changes will be produced during respiratory alkalosis. On the other hand, in metabolic acidosis $PO_2$ will be elevated and $PCO_2$ will be lowered by the respiratory compensation, and reverse response will be induced in metabolic alkalosis. Urinary gas tension has many influencing factors than arterial blood and difficult to estimate the tendency of its alterations. Urinary $PO_2$ and $PCO_2$ are not always identical level as venous blood. It is to be altered by blood gas tension, flow rate of urine, metabolic rate of kidney, and Acid-Base status of blood. Particularly countercurrent exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the renal medulla will make larger alteration of gas tension than venous blood. After induction of Acid-Base disturbances [disturbances] arterial and urinary $PCO_2$, $PO_2$, urinary volume, and osmolarity were determined in dogs, and the relationships between arterial and urinary $PCO_2$ , $PO_2$ Acid-Base disturbances, urinary volume, and osmolarity were investigated. 1. During the acute Metabolic and Respiratory disturbances urinary pH did not respond on respiratory origin. However, there were immediate urinary response in pH on metabolic origin. 2. Urinary $PO_2$, $PCO_2$, did not always follow arterial or venous gas tension and Acid-Base disturbance. Urinary $PCO_2$, correlate well with the urinary volume. The larger the urinary volume, $PCO_2$ lowered to the venous level. The smaller the urinary volume, urinary $PCO_2$ tends to be higher. However urinary $PO_2$ did not have any particular correlation with urinary volume. 3. Correlation between urinary $PCO_2$ and $PO_2$ were inversely proportional to arterial blood. Differences of $PCO_2$ between arterial blood and urine also did not have any particular correlation with urinary volume. This may suggest that changes on blood gas tensions can influence on urinary $PCO_2$. 4. There were eminent clear inverse correlation between urinary $PCO_2$ and osmolar concentrations of urine. Above results strongly suggest that partial pressure of gas in urine primarily depend upon counter-current exchanges in renal medullary tissues.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1980

Heparin would have been used for preventing clotting of blood during extracorporeal circulation and subsequent use of protamine sulfate and made possible the neutralization of heparin. This procedure has been adopted for eliminating one of the great causes of bleeding, especially in cardiac surgery. In this experiment, the hypocoagulability of blood induced by heparin followed by neutralization with treatment of protamine sulfate were estimated by the Lee-White clotting time [CT], partial thromboplastin time [PTT] and protamine titration test. The results were as follows: 1] Comparison of clotting time between the heparinized [2.0 mg/kg] and non-heparinized dogs was done using CT and PT`I` of the blood. In heparinized group [Group I], the CT lasted infinitively and prolongation of PTT [4 times than normal] until 60 minutes. The CT [2 times] and PTT [3 times] has been shortened after 90 minutes, however they returned to normal limit level within 180 minutes. 2] The determination of appropriate ratio of heparin and protamine In vivo were performed. The group II [heparin 2.0 mg/kg, protamine 1.0 mg/kg] revealed rapid decrease of CT and PTT, but returned to normal after 120 minutes. The group III [heparin 2.0 mg/kg, protamine 2.0 mg/kg] returned rapidly to normal within 15 minutes. The group IV [heparin 2.0 mg/kg, protamine 3.0 mg/kg] recovered its normal level after 60 minutes. The group V [heparin 2.0 mg/kg, protamine 4.0 mg/kg] recovered its normal level after 90 minutes. 3] In the combined experimental study In vivo and vitro, the protamine titration test was done using the dog which were given 2.0 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg of heparin, respectively and coagulation time were checked after 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. The complete neutralization was showed to be heparin-protamine ratio of 1:1 to 1.5. 4] In vitro study, fresh blood was drawn into known amount of heparin content [20, 40, 60 and 100/ug per 1 ml of blood] syringe, thereafter protamine titration test was done. In all cases, the complete neutralization was found in heparin-protamine ratio of 1:0.85 to 1.5. 5] It was found by the present experiment that the ideal heparin-protamine ratio was 1:1 within 60 minutes and 1:0.5 after 60 minutes for avoiding the serious side effect due to overadministration of protamine sulfate.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.739-746
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• 1997

기관결손을 대체할 이장적인 보철물을 개발하려는 다양한 실험연구가 있었다. 인공기관보철물의 조건으로 는 공기에 비투과성, 적이지 않는 형태의 안전성, 생체내에서 섬 유아세포의 증식과 상피세포 재생에 필요한 생체적합성이 요구된다. 생체적합성이 우수한 포리우레탄 소재의 다공성포리우레탄 튜브에 gelatin으로 도포하고 isoplastic고리를 보강하여 외경 20 m길이 30 m의 인공기관보철물을 제작하였다. 인공기관의 생체적합성과 상피세포재생을 촉진하기위해 콜라겐 물질인 gelatin을 감마선으로 고정하여 도포하였다. 인공기관보철물을 잡종성견 10마리를 대상으로 경흉부기관에 이식하였다. 실험군에서는 다공성 폴리머에 gelatin으로 피복한 인공기관을 이식하였고 대조군에서는 gelatin으로 피복하지않은 인공기관과 ,다공성 폴리머에 gelatin을 피복한 기관에 자가심장 편을 접합시킨 것을 이식하여 실험하였다. 다공성 폴리머에 gelatin피복한 기관과 자가심낭편을 접합한 기관 을 이식한 후 6주째에 인공기관 내면에 상피화가 관찰되었다. gelatin 피복한 기관을 대상으로 외번문합과 내 문합을 비교한 결과 외번문합에서 문합부의 육아종 협착이 더 심하게 생겼다. 심낭편을 접착한 기관에서는 문합부와 접착부에 감염과 염증이 있었다. 본 실험결과 다공성포리우레탄 튜브에 gelatin을 도포한 인공기관 보철물은 상피재생과 생체적합성이 우수하며 재질개선과 문합부의 협착을 막는 연구보완이 되면 임상적용 을 기대 할수 있다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.236-240
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• 2006

본 연구는 영양이 높고 우리나라에서 최근에 소비 감소경향을 나타내는 농 축산물인 감자와 분유, 계란을 이용해 고부가가치 핫도그를 개발하기 위해 핫도그 반죽의 점도, pH, 물성 검사, 관능검사를 실시하였다. 핫도그 반죽의 점도 측정 결과는 A0.05). 핫도그의 pH 측정 결과는 A0.05). 핫도그의 물성 검사 측정 결과에서 경도와 부서짐 성은 D군이 다른 군에 비해 유의성 있게 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 응집성과 탄력성은 A군이 가장 높게 나타났는데 B 및 C군에 비해 유의하게 높은 값이었다(p<0.05). 핫도그의 관능검사 측정 결과에서 색감과 조직감은 D군이 가장 높게 나타났으며 C군에 비해 유의하게 높은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 향미와 전체적인 맛의 첨가에서도 D군이 가장 높게 나타났는데 B 및 C군에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이취의 평가에서는 A와 D군이 가장 낮게 나타났으며 C군에 비해 유의하게 낮은 값이었다(p<0.05). 본 연구 결과에서 보는 바와 같이 영양 및 건강 기능성이 강화된 새로운 corn dog의 생산은 새로운 고 부가가치 축산제품의 개발뿐만 아니라 잉여 농 축산물의 소비 촉진에도 크게 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.651-659
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• 2001

후박추출물은 치주병인균에는 항균효과가 있고, 치은섬유아세포에는 세포독성이 적은 것으로 알려져 있으며 홍아씨 추출물은 골아세포를 활성화시키는 효과가 있어 골조직재생에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 실험의 목적은 비글견에 인위적으로 치주염을 유도하고 후박추출물과 홍화씨추출물의 혼합물을 투여함으로써, 이 두 가지 혼합물이 치주염 진행에 예방효과가 잇는지, 또, 치료효과가 있는지 알아보는 것이다. 후박과 홍화씨를 구입하여 에탄올에서 추출하여 정제하고 진공상태에서 건조시켜 농축하였다. 후박추출물과 홍화씨 추출물을 1:5의 질량비로 혼합하고 250㎎씩 캡슐에 넣었다. 비글견의 상하악 소구치와 하악 제1대구치를 8주 동안 철사와 견사로 결찰하여 치주염을 유발하였다. 8주 후에, 실험군 비글견에게는 미리 후박추출물과 홍화씨추출물 혼합물을 매 12시간마다 하루에 1,500㎎ 씩 12주 동안 투약하였다. 대조군 비글견에는 투약을 하지 않았다. 투약을 시작한 후에 치은지수, 부착수준을 매 4주마다 측정하였다. 매 4주마다 치주낭에서 페이퍼포인트를 이용하여 혐기성세균과 호기성세균을 채취, 배양하여 각각의 집락 수를 세었다. 그 결과 실험군의 치은지수는 8주, 12주에서 대조군보다 유의하게 낮았고(p<0.05)), 임상적으로도 상당한 치은염의 개선을 보였다. 실험군의 혐기성세균 집락수는 감소하여 4, 8, 및 12주에서 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮았고(p<0.001), 호기성 세균 집락수는 4, 8, 및 12주에서 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다.(p<0.05)이 실험 결과, 후박 추출물과 홍화씨 추출물 혼합물이 치주질환의 예방 및 치료에 이용되어질 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.61-78
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• 1997

PDGF-BB has been recognized as a highly potential growth factor for guided tissue regeneration in periodontal defect. This study carried out histologic and histometric evaluation of $200ng/cm^2$ PDGF-BB loaded bioresorbable membrane made from polyglycolic and polylactic acid. It was tested for its biocompatibility, ability to prevent epithelial downgrowth and amount of periodontal regeneration. Without membrane and PDGF-BB unloaded bioresorbable membrane were used as control. Healthy six beagle dogs were used. Each dog was anesthetized and buccal flaps were reflected in the mandibular and maxillary premolar areas. Buccal alveolar bone between the mesiobuccal and distobuccal line angles was surgically removed on the lower 2nd and 4th premolar in mandible, 2nd premolar in maxilla, to a level 4mm apical to the cementoenamel junction with creating a Class II buccal furcation defect for available space. Care was taken not to remove the root cementum layer and rubber impression materials were placed over each surgically created defect. Flaps were repositioned and sutured. Reconstructive surgery was performed 1 month after defect preparation. PDGF-BB loaded membranes and controls were randomly placed on maxillary 2nd premolars and mandibular 2nd and 4th premolars. Plaque control regimen was instituted with daily brushing with a 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate during experimental periods. The animals were sacrificed 2 and 5 weeks after surgery and undecalcified specimens were prepared for histologic evaluation. The degree of coronal regrowth of new bone, new cementum and the amonut of new bone areas formed on the defected area of the PDGF-BB loaded membrnae turned superior to without membrane and drug unloaded membrane. Experimental membrane could prevent the epithelial downgrowth irrespective of drug loaded or not and showed good biocompatiblity, These results implicated that PDGF-BB loaded bioresorbable membrane could be highly useful tool for guided tissue regeneration of periodontal defects.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2015

Purpose: With the significance of stable adhesion of alveolar bone and peri-implant soft tissue on the surface of titanium for successful dental implantation procedure, the purpose of this study was to apply microgrooves on the titanium surface and investigate their effects on peri-implant cells and tissues. Methods: Three types of commercially pure titanium discs were prepared; machined-surface discs (A), sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA)-treated discs (B), SLA and microgroove-formed discs (C). After surface topography of the discs was examined by confocal laser scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle and surface energy were measured. Human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and murine osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) were seeded onto the titanium discs for immunofluorescence assay of adhesion proteins. Commercially pure titanium implants with microgrooves on the coronal microthreads design were inserted into the edentulous mandible of beagle dogs. After 2 weeks and 6 weeks of implant insertion, the animal subjects were euthanized to confirm peri-implant tissue healing pattern in histologic specimens. Results: Group C presented the lowest water contact angle ($62.89{\pm}5.66{\theta}$), highest surface energy ($45{\pm}1.2mN/m$), and highest surface roughness ($Ra=22.351{\pm}2.766{\mu}m$). The expression of adhesion molecules of hGFs and MC3T30E1 cells was prominent in group C. Titanium implants with microgrooves on the coronal portion showed firm adhesion to peri-implant soft tissue. Conclusions: Microgrooves on the titanium surface promoted the adhesion of gingival fibroblasts and osteoblastic cells, as well as favorable peri-implant soft tissue sealing.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2020

The cestode Taenia hydatigena uses canids, primarily dogs, as definitive hosts, while the metacestode larval stage cysticercus infects a range of intermediate hosts, including domestic animals such as goats, sheep, and pigs. Cysticercosis due to T. hydatigena has large veterinary and economic drawbacks. Like other taeniids, e.g., Echinococcus, intraspecific variation is found among the members of the genus Taenia. In Africa, few studies are available on the epidemiology and distribution of T. hydatigena, and even fewer studies are available on its genetic variation. In this study, we molecularly identified 11 cysticerci from sheep in Sudan and demonstrated the genetic variation based on the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) mitochondrial genes. The isolates were correctly identified as T. hydatigena with more than 99% similarity to those in the GenBank database. Low diversity indices and insignificant neutrality indices were observed, with 3 and 2 haplotypes for the nad1 and cox1 genes, respectively. The results suggest the presence of unique T. hydatigena haplotypes in Sudan, as haplotypes with 100% similarity were not found in the GenBank database. With few available studies on the genetic variation of T. hydatigena in Africa, this report represents the first insights into the genetic variation of T. hydatigena in Sudan and constitutes useful data.