• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2019

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in bulk-tank milk and cattle in Daegu area was analyzed from 2017 to 2018 by ELISA. The prevalence of antibodies in collected bulk-tank milk from 12 dairy cattle farms was 41.7% (10/24) and the seroprevalence of 249 cows reared in the area of Daegu was 3.2% (8/249) By age, the seroprevalence was 1.9% (2/105) in less than 2 years of age, 4.2% (5/119) between 3 and 5 years of age and 4.0% (1/25) in more than 6 years of age. By breed, the seroprevalence of the Hanwoo cattle was 1.2% (2/162) and the seroprevalence of the dairy cattle was 6.9% (6/87). The result suggested that seroprevalence of C. burnetii was relatively high in both bulk-tank milk samples and dairy cattle than the Hanwoo cattle. Based on these data, it is necessary to keep monitoring the prevalence of Q fever in Daegu area.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.324-335
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• 2023

Korea, located in East Asia in the northern hemisphere, is experiencing severe climate changes. Specifically, the heat stress caused by global warming is negatively affecting the dairy sector, including milk production and reproductive performance, as the major dairy cattle Holstein-Friesian is particularly susceptible to heat stress. Here, we collected artificial insemination and pregnancy data of the Holstein and the Jersey cows from a dairy farm from 2014 to 2021 and analyzed the association between the conception rate and the temperature-humidity index, calculated using the data from the closest official weather station. As the temperature-humidity index threshold increased, the conception rate gradually decreased. However, this decrease was steeper in the Holstein breed than in the Jersey one at a temperature-humidity index threshold of 75. To evaluate the effects of heat stress on the oocyte quality, we examined the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of Holstein (n = 158, obtained from six animals) and Jersey oocytes (n = 123, obtained from six animals), obtained by ovum pick-up. There were no differences in the nuclear maturation between the different conditions (heat stress: 40.5℃, non- heat stress: 37.5℃) or breeds, although the Holstein oocytes seemed to have a lower metaphase II development (p = 0.0521) after in vitro maturation under heat stress conditions. However, we found that the Holstein metaphase II oocytes exposed to heat stress presented more reactive oxygen species and a peripheral distribution of the mitochondria, compared to those of the Jersey cattle. Here, we show that weather information from local meteorological stations can be used to calculate the temperature-humidity index threshold at which heat stress influences the conception rate, and that the Jersey cows are more tolerant to heat stress in terms of their conception rate at a temperature-humidity index over 75. The lower fertility of the Holstein cows is likely attributed to impaired cytoplasmic maturation induced by heat stress. Thus, the Jersey cows can be a good breed for the sustainability of dairy farms for addressing climate changes in South Korea, as they are more resistant to hyperthermia.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2014

The reproductive disorders are the major causes of reproductive infertility in cows that affect the total annual calf crop, resulting in great economic loss in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to find out the reproductive disorders (RD) in dairy cows that markedly influences the reproductive performances in aspect of Bangladesh. A total number of 1658 dairy cows were selected according to their body condition score (BCS) in different farms at the southern part of Bangladesh during the period of 2011 to 2012. The preliminary data (basic information) were collected directly from the dairy farmer's record books and asking questions according to a prescribed questionnaires as well as the diagnosis of RD was presumptively confirmed on the basis of history, clinical signs and examination of animals by ultrasonography and others necessary tools. There are thirteen major reproductive disorders were identified. Overall prevalence of reproductive disorders at that area were 23%, among of these anoestrus 5.1%, repeat breeder 3.7%, metritis 4.4%, poor heat detection 1.6%, ovarian cyst 0.36%, retain placenta 4.6%, dystocia 0.97% and pyometra 0.24%. It is indicated that anoestrus and retention of placenta after calving was most hazardous cause of infertility whereas the metritis and repeat breeder were the second line of consequence. RD had shown significantly higher incidence in low BCS (${\leq}2$) than that of fair (2.5) and very good (${\geq}3{\sim}3.5$). In conclusion, the highest RD especially anoestrus and retention of placenta is very alarming for reproductive loss which might be needed further research to identify the specific cause of these disorders for establishment a profitable dairying and dairy population.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.369-375
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• 2003

The ultrasonography was performed in 77,924 subestrous dairy cows from 680 dairy farms at 57 districts. The cows were examined for confirmation of resumption of ovaries and uterus after 30 days postpartum, for early pregnancy diagnosis after 30 days post-insemination, confirmation of pregnancy at 8 month post-insemination, and for diagnosis of reproductive dysfunctions, respectively. The results of reproductive examination by ultrasonography in 77,924 dairy cows were ovarian disorders 35,452 (46.8%), uterine disorders 10,721 (13.8%), pregnancy and pregnant failure 24,044 (30.8%), adhesion of reproductive tracts 167 (0.2%), freematins 13 (0.01%) and others 6,527 (8.4%) cows, respectively. The 13,732 (49.6%) cows out of 27,694 cows were treated for silent heat or error of estrus detection, 3,473 (12.5%) cows for follicular cysts, 815 (3.0%) cows for luteal cysts, 606 (2.2%) cows for inactive ovaries, 4 (0.01%) cows for granulosa cell tumors, and 6,455 (23.3%) cows for endometritis, respectively. The indices of reproductive efficiencies before (2001-08-10) and after (2003-07-20) periodical examination of reproductive status were as follows; the mean intercalving interval were shortened from 471 days to 383 days, the mean interval calving to conception were shortened from 187 days to 99 days, the mean interval calving to first service were shortened from 105 days to 67 days, the mean cows showing heat by 60 days postpartum were increased from 33% to 89%, the mean conception rate to first service were increased from 43% to 68%, and the mean service per conception were shortened from 2.6 times to 1.8 times, respectively. These results suggest that periodical examination of reproductive status would be useful for the improvement of the reproductive performance in dairy cows.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.50.1-50.10
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• 2021

Background: Bovine papillomatosis is a type of proliferative tumor disease of skin and mucosae caused by bovine papillomavirus (BPV). As a transboundary and emerging disease in cattle, it poses a potential threat to the dairy industry. Objectives: The aim of this study is to detect and clarify the genetic diversity of BPV circulating in dairy cows in Xinjiang, China. Methods: 122 papilloma skin lesions from 8 intensive dairy farms located in different regions of Xinjiang, China were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The genetic evolution relationships of various types of BPVs were analyzed by examining this phylogenetic tree. Results: Ten genotypes of BPV (BPV1, BPV2, BPV3, BPV6, BPV7, BPV8, BPV10, BPV11, BPV13, and BPV14) were detected and identified in dairy cows. These were the first reported detections of BPV13 and BPV14 in Xinjiang, Mixed infections were detected, and there were geographical differences in the distribution of the BPV genotypes. Notably, the BPV infection rate among young cattle (< 1-year-old) developed from the same supply of frozen sperm was higher than that of the other young cows naturally raised under the same environmental conditions. Conclusions: Genotyping based on the L1 gene of BPV showed that BPVs circulating in Xinjiang China displayed substantial genetic diversity. This study provided valuable data at the molecular epidemiology level, which is conducive to developing deep insights into the genetic diversity and pathogenic characteristics of BPVs in dairy cows.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2003

One of the major obstructing factors against managing dairy farm in Korea has been a shortage of roughage supply. The shortage of roughage caused excessive use of concentrate feed increase of production cost and deterioration of cattle quality. In order to solve this problem for the dairy farm, use of fallow paddy field in the winter was feasible to produce barley and rye forage during the winter season after harvesting of in. And many desirable effects of raising cattle productivity, saving dollars for importing feeds and providing huge ground for manure spreading are expected by enlarged local roughage production. Through analysing the forage producing process, a mechanized operation model was developed for dairy farms in Korea. Its model consists of seeding models(till, no-till model) and harvesting models(wrap silage, traditional silage, hay model). Currently, the government policies are being executed to urge producing winter cereal wrap silage in the fallow paddy field with various supporting programs. Ant with enlarged local forage production, it is possible to make a new huge market fur forage producing machine.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.265-272
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• 2000

Feasibility of the self-TMR mixing/feeding system for dairy farm in Korea was analyzed by comparing with a traditional feeding system. The total operating cost of self-TMR feeding system decreased with an increase of farm size. However, the cost was higher than that of traditional feeding system because of its high purchasing cost of TMR mixer as an initial investment. Profit per unit input of the TMR feeding system became greater over the traditional system when the farm size is larger than 17 heads due to more and better milk production. The profitable discrepancy became bigger as dairy farm size increases.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.203-212
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• 2000

One of the obstructing factors against managing large-scaled dairy farm in Korea has been heavy labor requirement for feeding dairy cows. A tractor attached TMR mixer was developed to reduce the cost and to provide economic benefit in this research. The TMR mixer was designed to have a feeding capacity of 35 heads at a batch with various functioning systems of paddle type mixer, cutter and grinder, delivery conveyor, weighing console, power transmission train, and mounting trailer. The maximum power required during the mixing operarion was 26.3 kw(P.T.O), readily available from 32kw-rated tractors, which had been widely used in Korea. Low coefficient of variation(14.0%) revealed an uniform mixing performance of the mixer. The mixer can also be used in compost mixing as well as concentrates and roughage.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.872-883
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• 2021

We evaluated the effects of heat stress on physiological responses and milk production in Holstein and Jersey cows reared in Korea. The mean average temperature-humidity index (THI) increased significantly from May to August and then decreased until October. The mean average rectal temperature (RT) was increased in Holstein cows compared with Jersey cows, as the THI values increased from 61 to 85. The average respiratory rate (RR) was increased in Jersey cows compared with Holstein cows when the THI value increased from 61 to 85. The average surface temperature of the rumen and udder was higher in Jersey cows than in Holstein cows when the THI value increased from 61 to 85. No significant difference was noted with respect to relative serum volumes between the breeds and THI ranges, but we measured significant changes in serum pH in Holstein and Jersey cows when the THI value increased from 61 to 85. Milk production was not significantly changed in Holstein cows when the THI increased from 61 to 85, but milk production and milk protein content were significantly altered in Jersey cows when the THI increased from 61 to 85. Current study suggests that Holstein cows still have an advantage in terms of the economic returns of dairy farms in Korea. Therefore, further research is required regarding the heat tolerance of Jersey cows in Korean climatic conditions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.379-388
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• 2011

Survey of mastitis management and incidence of mastitis in the Gyeongnam was started in May to September 2009 to solve mastitis problem statistically valid data for use in estimating mastitis management, isolation and antimicrobial drug susceptibility in 30 dairy farms having over 350,000/ml somatic cell count. In investigation on recognition of farmer about bovine mastitis, the ratio of understanding of differences between infectious and environmental origin, understanding of correlation between superbacteria and using indiscriminate, necessity of pathogen identification, and necessity of antimicrobial sensitivity tests were 80.0%, 73.3%, 33.3%, and 53.3%, respectively. In survey of mastitis management type, regular california mastitis test (CMT), conducting CMT test and empirical self-treatment, when detecting suspected cows, were 30.0%, 40.0%, and 46.7%, respectively. Checking and cleaning pulsators biweekly, cleaning vacuum system and replacing liners every 3~6 month, and getting milking system checked by engineers showed 80.0%, 76.7%, and 76.7% in the questionnaires, respectively. In recognition of farmer about milking hygiene for prevention of bovine mastitis, using individual towels, separated milking (milking order of cows), and teat-dipping disinfection after milking exhibited 13.3%, 86.7%, and 93.3%, respectively. In conclusion, through the questionnaires and laboratory test, we suggest that recognition of farmer about management and incidence of mastitis was very low, thus systemic educational program and public relations about mastitis management were need for dairy farmers.