• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 2011

Buddha painting cultural properties couldn't avoid the change of colors and the exfoliation phenomenon by the characteristic of material and environmental factors. Especially, because in the beginning of the fine crack and the decoloration phenomenon on the surface of pigment would be significantly decrease stability of the whole object, it is necessary to take particular measure. Therefore, this is a study on conservation of Avalokitesvara in Potalaka in Hyeondeungsa in Gapyeong. It treated damaged parts of the object, carried out backing papers and matching colors. And then, it examined scientific analysis of pigments. Also, it performed nondestructive testing like XRF, FT-IR, and image microscope to investigate the quality of the material of hanji using the object and the component and characteristic of pigments. As a result, FT-IR spectrum matching Korean traditional paper(hanji) was detected in hanji of Avalokitesvara in Potalaka in Hyeondeungsa. The black pigment making a thin layer over the white pigment would estimate carbon compounds of unconfirmed ink stick or soot as XRF and FT-IR. Also, the white pigment was lead white($PbCO_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$) involving Pb(Lead) and a carbonate. It was observed that the crystal of blue pigment had the different sizes of the particles from the microscope. In the case of this blue pigment, it showed cobalt blue and lead white was mixed when it used because both Cu and Pb were highly detected in XRF data.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.755-765
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• 2014

The convergence and consilience in education (hereafter, interdisciplinary education) is receiving great attention from societies. This study aims to investigate the works of scientists and artists who have intended to combine science with the arts in the modern era, to take into account the socio-philosophical setbacks during the period, and to suggest pedagogical implications of science education as interdisciplinary education. The concept of interdisciplinary education stems from Plato's thought, idea, as a comprehensive and invariant truth. The renaissance, full of enrichment about scientific achievement, was based on Neo-Platonism pursuing holistic-synthetic approach. During the time, scientists presented in this study tried to find comprehensive principles and borrow useful method from the arts. In such a context, scientists not only made use of the arts for expression of scientific knowledge, but also drew conclusion by analogical reasoning between science and the arts. Artists, as well, relied upon anatomy and optics especially, to elaborate linear perspective and even developed their own scientific knowledge through personal experience. Hence, contemporary science education should encourage students to hold a holistic viewpoint about science and the arts, articulate explicit goals and outcomes as interdisciplinary education, implement meta-disciplinary instruction about science and the arts, and develop assessment framework for collaborative learning. There may be good examples for inter-disciplinary education as listed: illustrating scientific ideas through the arts and vice versa, organizing collaborative works and evaluations criteria for them, and stressing problem solving on a daily basis.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2013

Plastic, widely used as a material for contemporary art, get damaged as directly exposed to temperature, humidity, ultra violet, etc. And it is very quickly damaged in early time, once damaged, it can't recover into original state. But like this characteristics, there is a few advanced research in Korea. So this study deal with a rising value of plastic artifacts in other country, United Kingdom and France, current conservation state, identification and cleaning method. Also 5 types of cleaners(distilled water, ethanol, acetone, eraser) and adhesives(cyanoacrylate, epoxy, acrylic, chloroprene rubber) were evaluated by produced plastics(PVC, PE, PP, PS, PU). As a result of experiment, ethanol and acetone that were previous evaluated in other research performed in other country are the best cleaner. Result of degradation after adhesive, cyanoacrylate and epoxy resin showed better performance and stability. As a basic research, this study is expected that can be used in future researches.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.28
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• pp.121-147
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• 2007

A large variety of mineral pigments has been used for Korean paintings and it has known that organic pigments have been used together on the Buddhist painting and the portrait. Haehakbando-do, which is from Honolulu Academy Museum in the United States, 12-fold screen was commissioned by Court of the late Joseon Dynasty in order to pray for the King's longevity. Therefore, it seems that all material used including pigments were selected very carefully and a great deal of technical effort was gone into its process. The purposes of this research were to estimate the pigments and the contributory elements of each color used on Haehakbando-do, in accordance with the conservation treatment carried out by Gochang Conservation Institute throughout last year. Without extracting sample, property of pigment was measured by nondestructive method, X-ray spectral analysis, and by comparing with the data about ancient pigments. In spite of the limited range of pigment analysis by nondestructive method, it should be noted that this method would not cause damage to the cultural properites. White pigment was found in all colored parts except the background, so it can be suggested that white color was used as a grounding of other color pigments. This would be flake white[$2PbCO_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$] as Pb was found. Pb was the only element could be found in yellow, however, it can be organic pigment like Gamboge as same as background. Red would be Cinnabar (HgS) as hydrargyrum (Hg) was detected. For the light purple in cloud, organic pigments were probably used since any element is not detected except for Pb, which is used for background. It is possible that green color is the mixture of Malachite[$CuCO_3{\cdot}Cu(OH)_2$] and Azurite [$2CuCO_3{\cdot}Cu(OH)_2$], which share Cu as their main element. Azurite[$2CuCO_3{\cdot}Cu(OH)_2$] was used for bluish pigments. Black is carbon compound. For gold, solid gold (Au) was detected. It shows that gold was gilded on the flake white background. Red painted on the frame of screen was identified as Cinnabar (HgS) and the gold pattern was solid gold (Au). The supporting leg of folding screen was made of brass because both copper and zinc were detected. In conclusion, white pigment was used as grounding of all colors of Haehakbando-do, and specific pigments were used for each color. Additionally, result from the analysis of several pigments shows that mineral pigment and organic pigment, or different mineral pigments were mixed to make various colors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.42-53
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• 2023

This paper explores the recent development of environmental aesthetics and critically examines the main agendas, claims, issues, and implications of everyday aesthetics, which is emerging as an important branch of environmental aesthetics. Environmental aesthetics began in the context of cultural change and environmentalism in the 1960s and expanded in the second half of the 20th century with a solid theoretical foundation. At the beginning of the 21st century, it entered a process of diversification of objects and subjects. Having reached academic maturity, environmental aesthetics has expanded into theoretical territory considering the urban environment and the human environment, providing practical coordinates as a discourse for planning and designing urban environments and landscapes. The most notable achievement of environmental aesthetics since the mid-2000s is the establishment of 'everyday aesthetics'. Yuriko Saito, who is leading the research on everyday aesthetics, expanded the objects and scope of aesthetic theory to everyday objects, events, activities, and environments. She excavates the microscopic and sensory aspects of everyday life, which have been overlooked by conventional art-centered aesthetics, through the lens of aesthetics. She reinterprets various layers of phenomena in contemporary urban landscapes and analyzes how the 'power of the aesthetic' hidden in everyday life profoundly affects the quality of life and the state of the world. Saito examines the appreciation of the distinctive characteristics and ambiance inherent in everyday objects and environments and proposes a 'moral-aesthetic judgment' to alert citizens to the environmental, social, and political consequences of everyday aesthetic appreciation and response. This paper identifies the issues and implications of everyday aesthetics as first, the expansion of aesthetics and the ambiguous everyday, second, the moral-aesthetic judgment and the aesthetics of care, and third, urban regeneration landscapes and aesthetic literacy. In particular, the moral virtues of everyday aesthetics that Saito proposes, such as care, thoughtfulness, sensitivity, and respect, provide a critical reference for the practice of contemporary urban regeneration landscapes. The 'aesthetic literacy' is a key concept demonstrating why an environmental aesthetics perspective is necessary to interpret everyday urban environments and landscapes.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.59-69
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• 2004

This thesis has an intention to examine how much Bobos, which has appeared as a new ruling class in the age of digital information economy, has had an influence on the fashion design and which aspect Bobos fashion assumes specifically. The existence of Bobos in Korea and its cultural disposition are examined. To do so, questionnaire survey has been performed for 400 persons. According to the result, it is shown that they control themselves thoroughly through exercise and have much interest in their health; for example, they prefer organic agricultural products and nonpolluting foods. They also consume goods reasonably, emphasizing on their own individuality, rather than purchase high-price articles for no good reason, and enjoy their life while seeking for success in the society. Such a disposition is almost same as that in the U.S, showing a small difference in the occupation or origins. It is examined which aspect Bobos fashion design, a new trend, assumes in more detail. Bobos seeks for a thing that is not cheap, has a recognized brand, and is not behind the fashion. They like the nature friendly, classical, and not vulgar thing. design should be casual and practical, and the quality of the material should be good. Especially, an individual disposition is emphasized in Bobos fashion, in which they disregard a brand and try to be the subject of a trend, by creating a fashion by themselves, to express their originality freely. Bobos fashion the first style it harmonizes the appear things not to be matching with each other and depending on pursuing the mix & match. The second style of Bobos fashion nature is friendship and fight. The hazard which it does like that the fact that it attempts is the composition characteristic of idea. The namely design is an utility cheap assuredly with high-class characteristic of subject matter is not a recognize cheap. The third style of Bobos fashion is expressed in nostalgic about the art. Of course Bobos style is not a possibility fashion as main stream of doing still today, but the effect of Bobos is magnified gradually from cultural, social, economic area. It analyzes style is a tendency where trend of the consumer is gradually converted marketing. This paper is meaningful in the sense that Bobos class, which has not been examined yet systematically, and the fashion are connected closely, and the fashion trend in the next is examined.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2012

The ESBs (Environmental Specimen Banks) have monitoring functions for the contemporary environmental qualities and also offer the future generation tangible information on the past environment by preserving the specimens. This entails the sampling of the representative specimen for each distinctive ecosystem, which is performed under a strict and stipulated procedure and a condition that does not allow any change in the component so that a retrospective analysis can be readily done even in the distant future. It has been more than 30 years that some developing countries started collecting a broad spectrum of specimens to vindicate the effectiveness of an environmental policy and to monitor the long-term variations of background concentrations of environmental pollutants. Though being late, the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Korea, has successfully launched the National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) in 2009 equipped with its state-of-the-art automated cryogenic tanks. Since then, the researchers at the NESB have been doing their best to excel the existing ESBs around the world by learning and improving the expertise. To do so, they conducted a pilot study for developing and testing their own Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) based on the analysis of the examples of the other ESBs. The problems from the pilot study had been reviewed to improve the SOP to meet the requirements for an ESB, that is to say, preserving representative environmental specimens in cryogenic condition and enhancing the analytical method. Furthermore, they also need to prepare themselves to address the future challenges by providing some additional functions, which makes it distinguishable from the other ESBs. If successful, this will be a step further to be recognized as a full-fledged member of the ESB society of the world.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.49-58
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• 2001

The antibacterial and insecticidal properties of ethanol extracts and volatile components extracted from Eugenia caryophyllata, Boswellia carerii, Agastache rugosa, Aristolochia contorta, and Aquilaria agallocha were evaluated. The ethanol extract and volatile component of E. caryophyllata showed strong antimicrobial effect against all strains (Mucor hiemalis, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium funiculosum, Trichodema viride) and the volatile component of B. carterii showed antimicrobial effect against all strains except T. viride. The ethanol extract of E. caryophyllata and A. contorta showed $100\%\;and\;32\%$ mortality against Reticulitermes spertus kyushuensis Morimoto for 48 hours and 72 hours, respectively. In the case of volatile component, R. aryophyllata showed $100\%\;and\;20\%$ mortality against R. spertus and Lyctus linearis GOZE, respectively. The main constitute, eugenol $(92\%)$ among nine components from volatile component of E. aryophyllata were identified as antibacterial active substance.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.20
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• pp.63-74
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• 2010

For several decades in history of cartoon, it was about the era of publishing tendency based on printing technique just until few years before now. The media critic Marshall McLuhan said, "The cartoon of the 20th century have characters of printing or woodblock printing yet. Coming in to the 1980s, unlike traditional printing, cartoons of more various form appeared such as 'Moving cartoon, CD-ROM cartoon, Click-cartoon'. These phenomenons diversified and accelerated during the electronic equipments and internet that cartoon were able to be produced and distributed on not printing forms were progressing and popularizing. Like these, base on the progress of various forms in webtoon, this study will suggest 3 concept about expansion of Spatial Expressions of expression and cognition such as 'Reminiscent of The Vertical Image', 'The Vertical Panorama' and 'The Morphing into Spaces'. Also, , , the works of Doha Kang who is in the spotlight as the webtoonist of avant-garde and dynamic works, will be examined and analysed as the texts. Doha Kang was selectied as a 'Contemporary Twenty Webtoonist in Korea' from a survey of the cartoon's experts in korea by Bucheon Cartoon Information Center in 2009. He has recognized as the most experimental and be influential webtoonist from beginning of webtoon era to today. In this context, the analyses of his two works that was published in 2007, 2009 each, will helps understanding from diverse viewpoint about webtoon's expressions and structures. Furthermore, this study helps focus on values of webtoon as expansion art of Spatial Expression.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.237-243
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• 2012

Human beings were constantly developing and using tools. This implies the history of humans have been creatively maintained and developed. Humans put its utmost efforts to the development of civilization to lead better life at the same time constantly pursuit to the cultural development such as formative characteristics for the satisfaction of aesthetic needs. Gyubang crafts are regarded as extremely feminine and contained emotions of Korea while being classified as a genre of Korean culture & art. Gyubang crafts were created independent & unique formative beauty on the basis of then social, cultural, religious background, in which those sewing kits being called friends of ladies express the emotion of arts contains cultural depth of its appearance of life as well as its spiritual world of happiness, anger, sorrow and pleasure of ladies. And it was aimed to sought the possibilities to start itself in various ways under the assumption capable to be expressed detail & contemporary taste of the sewing kits that lived together with the ladies in their historic life through linking with ornaments arts with convergence and harmony of formative image. As stated, it could be an opportunity to rediscover the formative characteristics, harmony of convergence, elegance, delicacy, aesthetic beauty focused on sewing kits among Gyubang crafts filled with ladies' scant and spiritual hope and to be re-understood the excellence and the aesthetic beauty of traditional culture & arts through personal ornaments.