• 아동학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.229-240
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• 1997

This study analyzed the effects of teacher's scaffolding on children's verbal communication in dramatic play. Twenty-four five-year-old kindergarten children participated. The collected data were analyzed with the repeated measures analysis of variance and two-sample t-tests. The results showed that: the frequency of verbal communication strategies and children's episode length increased in the experimental group where the teacher intervened with the scaffolding. Children in the experimental group showed more positive response in the categories of minimal acceptances and enlarged acceptances. No gender differences were found.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.111-122
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental attitude and social-emotional development of kindergarten children. The sample were 119 children and their parents(mothers and fathers) of a kindergarten in Seoul. The instruments for this study were the modified PM(Parental Modemity) by Schaefer and Edgerton and the modified social-emotional development scale by Korea Behavioral Science Institute. The data analyzed y frequency, mean, t-test, and Pearson's r. Major findings were that the mothers' parental attitude was related to the children's curiosity. Also, there were significant differences between the mothers' parental attitude and fathers' parental attitude according to their children's sex.

• 한국노년학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.611-627
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• 2009

본 연구는 한국성인자녀와 미국성인자녀의 노부모와의 관계의 질과 부양행동을 비교하였다. 이를 통하여 한국과 미국 두 나라의 성인자녀와 노부모와의 관계 및 부양에 대한 문화적인 차이를 살펴보고, 나아가 우리나라 노부모 부양의 발전 방안모색에 유용한 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구대상자는 만 60세 이상의 노부모가 적어도 1명이상 살아있는 성인자녀로서, 미국 캘리포니아 주의 성인자녀 320명과 한국 경상남도의 성인자녀 554명 이다. 연구결과, 성인자녀의 노부모와의 관계의 질은 미국 성인자녀가 한국 성인자녀보다 더 높게 나타났으며, 성인자녀의 노부모 부양행동은 한국 성인자녀가 미국 성인자녀보다 더 높게 나타났다. 성인자녀의 노부모부양행동에 가장 영향을 미치는 변인은 미국은 노부모부양의식으로 나타났으며, 한국은 노부모와의 관계의 질로 나타나 나라간 차이를 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여 노부모 부양행동에 있어서 미국의 경우 성인자녀의 노부모부양의식의 중요성을 알 수 있었고, 우리나라의 경우 성인자녀와 노부모의 세대 간 관계의 질이 중요함을 알 수 있었으므로 향후 우리나라의 노부모 부양정책 방안과 관련하여 성인자녀- 노부모 관계의 질을 강화할 수 있는 프로그램 모색이 필요하다하겠다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.103-114
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to determine whether any difference existed in craniofacial morphology between parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate and parents of children without cleft lip and/or palate as well as the characteristics of craniofacial morphology in parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate. Thirty three measurements of the various regions of cranium and face were obtained from lateral cephalometric radiograms in parents of 28 children with cleft lip and palate, 18 children with cleft lip, and 22 children with cleft palate. There were 28 couples and 40 single parents in this sample. There were 92 individuals including 41 males and 51 females. The measurements were compared with those in control subjects, including 40 adult males and 40 adult females, who had no history of craniofacial abnormalities. The total sample was compared for the sex independently. The obtained results were as follows. 1. In the cranium, both parents of cleft children had significantly shorter posterior cranial base length(S-Ba). 2. In the upper face, a significantly shorter anteroposterior length of maxilla(A'-Ptm'), particularly in the anterior region (A'-K), anterior facial depth(A-SBaL), posterior facia! height(Ptm'-SNL) and relation of subnasale to the cranial base (∠BaN'Sn) were noted in fathers of cleft children. But, all measurements were not found to be significantly different between experimental group and control group in all mothers. 3. In the lower face, both parents of cleft children showed a significantly greater Y axis angle(∠NSGn) and ramal plane angle(∠SNL-RP) in fathers of cleft children. Thus both patents showed a posteriorly rotation of mandible. The thickness of the lower lip(B-B') was significantly thicker in fathers of cleft children. 4. In the facial profile, a significantly shorter posterior facial height(S-Go) and greater angle of soft tissue facial convexity (∠BaN'Pog') were noted in the fathers of cleft children. But, all measurements were not found to be significantly different between experimental group and control group in all mothers.

• 아동학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.203-216
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between mothers' parental intelligence and children's abilities of self-control and empathy. 180 children aged 5 were selected from 4 kindergartens in G city. The gender breakdown for the sample group was as follows : boys comprised 60.0% (108) and girls comprised 40.0% (72) of the total sample. The Parental Intelligence Scales (PIS) was used to rate mothers' parental intelligence. Children's self-control and empathy were also measured. The SPSS 12.0 program was used for the purposes of analyzing the data. The results of the study were as follows. Firstly, mothers' parental intelligence was related in a general sense with children's self-control. However, such a relationship did not appear between rejection in the area of parental intelligence and self appraisal in self-control, nor did it appear between acceptance in intelligence and emotion in self-control. Secondly, the variable of encouragement was the only one in evidence in terms of mothers' parental intelligence and how it was related with children's empathy.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.73-93
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine how children's transition to adulthood might be related to their parents' marital satisfaction and relationship satisfaction with children. Specifically, we investigated if the numbers of children who (1) graduated from 4-year college, (2) were employed, (3) were married, (4) moved out of parental homes and lived independently, and (5) had at least one child might be associated with better marital satisfaction and higher relationship satisfaction with children among midlife and older parents. We also evaluated if the associations might differ by gender of the children (sons vs. daughters) as well as by their gender and birth order (first-born son, later-born son, first-born daughter, later-born daughter). Method: The analytic sample was drawn from the 2006 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The sample consisted of 1,905 parents whose children were aged between 25 and 35. For analysis, regression models with robust standard errors were estimated using Stata. Results: Results suggest that sons' (especially first-born sons') transition to adulthood exerted more consistent impacts on parents. More specifically, first-born sons' completion of higher education, marriage, and independent living arrangement were associated with either higher levels of parental marital satisfaction or relationship satisfaction with children. With regard to later-born sons, their completion of college education was linked to higher levels of parental marital satisfaction and relationship satisfaction with children. Conclusion: Korean parents appear to place greater importance on first-born sons' successful transition to adulthood compared to those of other children. Overall, however, transition to adulthood may have limited influence on Korean parents.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the validity of the application of the Denver II developmental screening test to Korean children. This screening test. which was developed and standardized in United States. was designed to screen for developmental delay in Korea. and to compare the levels of development of Korean children with the development of children from the U.S. Method: Quota sampling. NP To facilitate field sampling. the age range used from 0 to 6 years old. was split into 10 different age groups. Sample size was estimated according to residence. 1.054 children were recruited from Seoul's metropolitan. urban and rural areas. NP To fill the quota established. the Recruitment and testing of children was done at public health centers, pediatric outpatient clinics of general hospitals and a child care center. The 25, 50, 75 and 90 percentiles were identified by using logistic regression analysis and were calculated as norms. The items in which the ages of both 50 and 90 percent passing differed more than 20 percent by the calculation was identified for comparison. NP Result: There were significant differences found in 45 items between Korean children and the children from the City of Denver as it relates to age differences. 90% of the sample passed items among 125 items from 4 sectors, e.g., personal- social. fine motor adaptive, language, and gross motor sectors. Korean children were found to be advanced in 9 items, whereas there were significant differences found in 38 items in our comparison of the two countries for age differences when 50% of sample pass items. Korean children were found to be advanced in 16 items. NP Conclusion: The result showed that there was a discrepancy in the developmental norms. It could be explained by the differences in the developmental environment. including child rearing patterns and ethnicity. Therefore, a restandardization of the Denver Screening Test is necessary as it relates to its application on Korean children. This restandardization is necessary in order to avoid both under and over-referrals of children with developmental abnormality. The modification of items in the language sector is especially suggested.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.207-223
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• 2008

This study examined children's happy situations and their self-judgment of happiness level. Subjects were 831 children (7-13 years of age). Research findings were that : (1) There were three categories of happy situations : rewards, daily routine activities, non-daily activities/incidents. These categories were subcategorized into personal and relational experiences. Personal experiences gave them greater happiness than relational experiences. (2) The younger children felt happier through relational experiences than older children. (3) Sixty-two percent of the children reported they were happy most of the time. (4) Preschool children answered "I'm happy" more than older children. Sixth grade children answered "I'm happy" least among the entire sample. (5) Academics correlated positively with children's judgment of happiness level; free time correlated negatively with happiness.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2009

연구목적 : 소아정신과의사의 진료가 개설되지 않은 일반정신과 외래 및 소아과 외래에서 아동의 정신과적 장애를 선별 진단하는 목적으로 한국어판 강점 난점설문지(Korean version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire : SDQ-Kr)가 활용될 수 있는지 알아보기 위하여 아동 정신병리의 표준진단도구인 아동행동조사표 (Korean version of Childhood Behavior Checklist : K-CBCL)와 비교 분석하였다. 방법 : 부모용 SDQ-Kr과 K-CBCL을 정신과 외래아동 313명, 정신과로 진료의뢰된 소아과 자문아동 91명, 소아과 외래아동(대조군) 93명의 부모에게 시행하였다. 이들은 모두 4~11세였고, 정신과아동은 ADHD, 정서장애, 또는 품행장애 중 하나로 진단되었다. SDQ-Kr과 K-CBCL의 대응되는 소척도 평균점수에서 세 집단간 차이가 있는지 성별을 나누어 비교하였다. 또한 두 설문지의 대응하는 소척도 점수들간 상관계수를 산출함으로써 SDQ-Kr의 구인타당도를 조사하였다. 정신과아동과 소아과아동에 대한 두 설문지의 집단 판별력을 비교하기 위해 AUC를 산출하고, 또한 정신과아동에 대한 두 설문지의 진단예측도를 비교하였다. 결과 : SDQ-Kr과 K-CBCL의 소척도 모두에서 정신과아동이 가장 높은 점수를 보였고 소아과 자문아동, 소아과 대조아동 순서로 나타났다. 두 설문지의 대응되는 소척도들은 유의하게 상관되었으며, 모두 정신과아동과 소아과아동의 집단 판별력이 우수한 것으로 나타났으나 SDQ-Kr이 더 나은 결과를 보였다. 정신과아동의 진단 예측도에서도 SDQ-Kr이 높은 예측력을 나타냈다. 결론 : 이 연구 결과는 SDQ-Kr이 소아과 외래에서 정신과적 진료가 필요한 아동을 선별하고, 일반정신과에서 소아정신과적 진단을 내리는데 일차적인 진단도구로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.34-50
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• 1983

The Denver Developmental Screening Test was devised to provide a simple method of evaluating the developmental status of infants and preschool children. To assess the development of Korean children, 667 children (390 boys and 277 girls) between the ages of 2 weeks and 6 years who live in Kwangju city and rural areas in Chonnam were examined according to the DDST. The ages at which 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% of the children performed each item were calculated for the entire sample. The results of these were compared with the norms of Denver children and other related previous studies in Korea. The development of the boys was also compared with that of the girls, and further the test results of city children and country children were also compared. Girls performed the DDST items in personal-social, fine motor-adaptive and gross motor sectors slightly earlier than boys. In general, however, there were no significant differences in the developmental rate between boys and girls. In all four sectors of the DDST, urban children performed the items significantly earlier than rural children. In comparing Korean children and Denver children, Korean children tended to perform gross motor and personal-social items at a slightly earlier age than Denver children. In the language sector, Denver children tended to perform a little earlier than Korean children. But on the whole there were no significant differences in developmental status between Korean and Denver children. It should be noted that a few items, such as“Uses plurals”, needed to be changed due to the structure of Korean language.