• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2006

본 연구는 기내배양을 통하여 양치식물인 변산일엽의 효과적인 번식방법을 개발하기 위해 실시되었다. 절편의 기원(근경, 엽병, 엽신의 세 부분)과 절편의 균질화가 식물재생에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 오직 근경과 엽병에서만 기관형성능력이 관찰되었으며, 식물체 재생은 절편을 균질화함으로써 촉진되었다. 다수의 신초가 활발한 생장을 보이는 적정조건은 sucrose 1%가 함유된 1/2MS 배지였다. 전반적으로 $NaH_2PO_4$의 첨가는 신초의 증식을 촉진하였으며, 가장 높은 신초증식률을 보인 것은 NAA $5{\mu}M$이 첨가된 배지였다. 또한 $0.1{\sim}0.2%$의 활성탄과 생장조절물질을 혼용 처리한 결과, 다수의 싹이 뭉쳐있는 듯한 'nodule'-like bud clusters의 생성을 억제하고 포자체의 정상적인 형태형성을 향상시켰다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2020

산수유 열수추출물의 혈전용해활성을 탐색하고, 유기용매로 분획화한 에틸아세테이트(ethyl acetate) 분획물에서 1.36 plasmin units/mL의 강한 혈전용해활성을 확인하였다. Amberlite IRA-400, Sephadex LH-20 column, active charcoal column과 재결정으로 정제한 혈전용해화합물을 HPLC로 분석 비교한 결과, 표준물질인 malic acid와 같은 retention time (RT)을 나타내고, LC/MS/MS 분석의 Negative mode 측정 시 m/z 133에서 같은 peak를 나타내어 정제한 화합물이 분자량 134 Da인 malic acid 임을 확인하였다. 정제한 화합물은 0.69 plasmin units/mL의 혈전용해활성을 보이고, 14.62%의 트롬빈 저해활성을 나타냈으며, 6.42%의 항산화 효과와 17.28%의 항당뇨 효과를 나타냈다. 분리한 화합물은 섬유소원의 Aα chain, Bβ chain과 반응하지 않았지만 γ chain을 분해하는 것으로 나타났다. 위 연구 결과를 바탕으로 산수유에서 분리한 혈전용해화합물은 혈관계 질환의 치료제 개발과 기능성 식품 개발을 위한 우수한 소재로 이용 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2009

Under-fired charbroiling cooking processes are known as important contributors of particulate matter (PM). In this study, we characterized the emission of particulate matters from under-fired charbroiling cooking processes using the hood method. Accumulated mass concentration of $PM_{10}$ was 92.2~99.5% and particle size of 2.0~2.5 ${\mu}m$ was highest. The concentration of PM increased very sharply at the beginning of charbroiling meats and then gradually decreased as the charbroiling continued. PM concentration also increased very sharply when gravy from meat spilled onto the frame of fire. However, mass concentration during charbroiling using only charcoals was very low compared to that of meats. We estimated the emission factors of charcoal, pork belly and pork shoulder respectively; 0.01~0.02 g/kg, 5.02~6.26 g/kg, 2.86~4.15 g/kg of $PM_{2.5}$, 0.01~0.03 g/kg, 7.44~7.91 g/kg, 4.54~5.56 g/kg of $PM_{10}$, and 0.02~0.05 g/kg, 7.59~7.95 g/kg, 4.93~5.68 g/kg of TSP. The emission factors of charcoal were negligible and the emission factors of pork belly were higher than that of pork shoulder. Emission rates of particulate matters from under-fired charbroiling cooking process were estimated as 578,009~1,265,152 kg/yr of $PM_{2.5}$, 917,539~1,598,619 kg/yr of $PM_{10}$ and 996.358~1,606,703 kg/yr of TSP. But emission factors should be verified with an in-stack cascade impactor because the reported method involves some assumptions.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2017

Purpose: High energy requirement and long cooking time are limiting consumption of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), a nutritious food. This study was performed to estimate energy and time demand by different methods of cooking pigeon pea. Methods: Pigeon pea (150 g) was soaked in 2.0 L of water at ambient temperature ($29{\pm} 2^{\circ}C$) to determine hydration behavior. Cooking experiments were conducted using aluminum and pressure-cooking pots. Efficiency of cooking was evaluated using four types of cooking appliances (kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), electric, and charcoal stoves). Normal (continuous heating until the food was satisfactorily cooked) and control (controlling the energy input to closely match the actual energy required) cooking were conducted. Energy requirement and duration of cooking were determined using standard procedures. Results: Soaking increased moisture content from 11.99 to 30.01% in 90 min, while water absorption rate decreased with soaking duration. In cooking 150 g of pigeon pea using kerosene stove, presoaked normal pressure-pot cooking method consumed the least energy (10 800 kJ) and time (205 min), while unsoaked normal cooking consumed the highest energy (18 450 kJ) and time (336 min). Using LPG stove, unsoaked normal cooking method required the highest energy (52 470 kJ), while presoaked control pressure-pot required the least energy (14 405 kJ). For electric stove, the lowest energy (15 560 kJ) and shortest duration (105 min) were recorded during control cooking of presoaked sample in the pressure-pot. Conclusions: Control cooking was not practicable using charcoal stove. Generally, kerosene stove consumed the least energy, while electric stove was found to have the shortest duration of cooking.

• 에너지공학
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 바이오매스 조연제인 리그닌과 글리세린을 이용하여 일산화탄소(CO) 저감형 착화탄을 개발, 연소시 발생하는 일산화탄소 측정을 통해 조연제가 일산화탄소 발생에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 연료의 완전연소를 위해 저온에서 높은 연소성을 보이는 글리세린을 높은 비표면적 값을 가진 리그닌에 함침시켜 연소 특성이 나타날 수 있도록 하였다. 열중량분석기(TGA) 및 가스분석기(GC/MS)를 이용하여 연소성, 탈휘발성 평가 및 일산화탄소 발생량을 측정하였다. 본 연구 결과에서 조연제 함유량에 따른 일산화탄소 발생량을 통해 전체 중량 대비 20% 조연제를 혼합 시 최적의 일산화탄소 저감률을 확인할 수 있었다. 최종적으로 일반 착화탄의 일산화탄소 농도 대비 20~30% 가량 감소한 값을 도출하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.359-363
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• 2003

20년 이상된 백합나무의 성숙목에서 채취한 미숙구과의 배를 배양하여 체세포배를 유도하고 식물체를 생산하는 대량증식의 기초를 확립하였다. 미숙종자를 1/2LM (Litvay)배지에 식물생장조절물질인 2,4-D와 BA를 첨가한 반고체배지에 치상하여 배발생 조직을 유도하였다. 배발생 조직을 배발생 조직 유도와 같은 조건의 배지에서 생장조절물질을 제거하고 AgNO$_3$또는 활성탄을 첨가한 배지에 이식하였을 때 체세포배가 발달하고 정상적인 식물체로 발아되었다. 배발생 조직의 유도와 체세포배의 발아에서 식물체로 발달하는 데 영향을 끼치는 몇 가지 요인이 밝혀졌다. 여기에는 배발생 조직의 유도를 위한 미숙종자의 채취시기, 배지의 sucrose농도,AgNO$_3$와 활성탄의 농도 및 체세포배에서 식물체로 발달하기 위한 배의 성숙과 발아를 위하여 발아 배지에 체세포배의 치상밀도 등이 포함된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.535-542
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• 2010

In this study, we used coal-based activated carbons and charcoal as startingmaterials, phenolic resin (PR) as a binder, and TOS as a titanium source to prepare $TiO_2$ combining spherical shaped activated carbon photocatalysts. The textural properties of the activated carbon photocatalysts (SACP) were characterized by specific surface area (BET), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), iodine adsorption, strength intensity, and pressure drop. The photocatalytic activities of the SACPs were characterized by degradation of the organic dyes Methylene Blue (MB), Methylene Orange (MO), and Rhodamine B (Rh. B) and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) experiment. The surface properties are shown by SEM. The XRD patterns of the composites showed that the SACP composite contained a typical single, clear anatase phase. The EDX spectro for the elemental indentification showed the presence of C and O with Ti peaks. According to the results, the spherical activated carbon photocatalysts sample of AOP prepared with activated carbon formed the best spherical shape, a high BET surface area, iodine adsorption capability and strength value, and the lowest pressure drop, and the photocatalytic activity was better than samples prepared with charcoal. We compared the degradation effects among three kinds of dyes. MB solution degraded with the SACP is better than any other dye solutions.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2015

단감을 재배하는 농가에서 저장성을 향상 시킬 수 있는 값싸고 쉬운 방법을 개발하기 위해 본 연구를 수행했다. 농가 관행 LDPE 포장재 내에 동봉할 수 있는 천연소재(대나무활성숯, 왕겨숯, 겔라이트)를 선발하여 상온과 저온환경에서 가용성 고형물 함량, 경도, 식미, 부패도, 연화도의 변화를 1주일 또는 2주일 간격으로 조사하였다. 대나무활성숯을 동봉한 LDPE 포장 방법이 단순 LDPE 포장 방법 보다 저장성 및 품질을 을 좋게 유지하였다. 대나무활성숯을 동봉한 LDPE 포장 방법은 관행 농법 농가와 유기 농법 농가 모두에서 장기 저장 시 그리고 유통 중 온도변화 시 저장성을 향상 시킬수 있는 값싸고, 손쉬운 방법으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to compare the effect of needle retention(NR) and electro-acupuncture of low(EA(L)) and high(EA(H)) frequencies at $SP_6$ and Sham point in rats. Methods : Intestinal hypermotility was induced by feeding carbachol and experimental groups divided mainly into 7 groups which were normal, holder, control, acupuncture in normal state of rats, pre-treatment of acupuncture(NR, EA) in hypermotility, post-treatment of acupuncture(NR, EA) in hypermotility. We fed charcoal to them after the treatment and measured the travel rate of charcoal in the gastrointestinal track so that which treatment affected more in intestinal hypermotility. Results : As the following study, each acupuncture ways of EA(L) had significant effect of decreasing travel rate on intestinal hypermotility than EA(H) and NR. The comparison between pre-treatment and post-treatment, pre-treatment had slight more effect than post-treatment but not significantly. There was more affected at $SP_6$ than Sham point on this study. Conclusions : There were 21 groups to find out which treatment was best to slow down the intestinal motility and $SP_6$-EA(L)-C had significant effect compared with control group at the figure than any other groups. That meant $SP_6$ had effect on gastric disorder such as intestinal hypermotility and its' effect had more prevention than cure. Further study was needed to have more precise effect of EA and $SP_6$.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to compare the effect of acpuncture and electroacupuncture of low(EA(L)) and high(EA(H)) frequencies at San Yin Jiu($SP_6$) and sham point in rats. We made suppressed state of intestinal motility with loperamide in rat and carried out needle retention acupuncture, low frequency electro-acupuncture and high frequency electro-acupuncture at ($SP_6$) in rat devided into pre-treatment group and post-treatment group. We fed charcoal to them after the treatment and measured the travel rate of charcoal in the gastrointestine track to analyze which treatment affected more in intestinal hypermotility Results : 1. Examining intestinal motility of normal rat treated with electro-acupuncture at $SP_6$, high frequency electro-acupuncture significantly increased intestinal motility. 2. Pre-treated with acupuncture at $SP_6$ significantly suppressed intestinal motility. 3. Post treatment with acupunture and low frequency electro-acupuncture at $SP_6$ showed significant increase of intestinal motility. Conclusions : As folowing study there were 21 groups to find out which treatment showed significant increase of intestinal motility and pre-treated acupuncture, post-treated with acupunture and low frequency electro-acupuncture at $SP_6$ was highly significant with control at the figure than any other groups.