• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2016

A total of 144 one-day-old male broilers (ROSS ${\times}$ Ross 308) ($42{\pm}0.1g$) were used in a completely randomized design and allotted to one of three dietary treatments to give 6 replicates per treatment (8 birds per cage). The three watery dietary treatments were 1) a corn-soybean meal-based relation [Negative control (NC); no antimicrobial compounds added] with tab water, 2) 8 ppm liquid-alpha-lipoic acid [Positive control (PC)] or 3) 100 ppm liquid-resveratrol. All dietary treatments were continuously provided as a liquid form. Birds were housed in a battery cage (n=48), and were offered liquid dietary treatments at all times. The ambient temperature was maintained at $32{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for the first 3 weeks and decreased gradually to $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ by the end of the experiment (d 35) to induce moderate heat stress. One bird per pen (n=6) was euthanized via cervical dislocation at day 21 to obtain terminal ileum to measure villous height and crypt depth, while another bird per pen (n=6) was similarly euthanized at day 35 and used to harvest breast meat and drumsticks to evaluate meat quality traits. Birds fed liquid-resveratrol did not improve (P>0.05) body weight and average daily gain compared with those fed other dietary treatments from day 1 to day 35. Birds fed liquid-resveratrol had no effect (P>0.05) on villous height compared with birds were in other dietary treatments at day 21. Liquid-resveratrol had no effect (P>0.05) on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in drumsticks compared with other dietary treatments at day 35. Furthermore, birds fed liquid-resveratrol had no effect (P>0.05) on DPPH radical scavenging activity both in breast meat and drumsticks compared with those fed other dietary treatments at day 35. Morphological changes of ileum were not observed by immunofluorescence, and the level of occludin protein from ileum extracts also did not differ among groups. Our results suggested that liquid form of antioxidant compounds used in the current study such as alpha-lipoic acid (8 ppm) or resveratrol (100 ppm) did not improve growth performance, meat quality traits and histology of terminal ileum compared with those fed negative control in broiler chickens under moderate heat stress for 35 days.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.70-80
• /
• 1989

본 연구는 가야간 국립공원을 대상으로 이용객이 야생조류의 서식에 미치는 영향을 밝히기 위하여 실시되었다. 조사를 위하여 주등산로, 부등간로, 등산불가구역 등 총 3개의 조사지를 설정하여, 1989년 4월부터 10월 사이 3회에 걸쳐 line transect방법으로 조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 가야산 지역에서 조사기간 동안 관찰된 야생조류는 텃새 20종, 여름철새 7공. 겨울철새 1종, 나그네새 1종의 총 29종 527개체로 평균서식밀도는 2.44마리/ha이었다. 주요 우점종은 박새, 어치, 쇠박새, 곤줄박이, 동고비의 순이었고, 출현종수 및 서식밀도는 이용강도가 높은 지역에서 봄철 보다 이용객이 많아지는 여름철에 현저하게 낮아졌으며, 이용강도가 낮은 지역에서는 변동이 크지 않았다. 종다양도는 이용강도가 낮은 지역에서 최고치를 보였으며, 유사도지수는 여름철에 이용강도의 차이에 따라 지역별로 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 야생조류의 평균 출현빈도는 8.42회/km이었으며, 봄철에 비해 여름철이 30%수준으로 감소하였다. 이상과 같이 야생조류의 종수 종다양도 및 출현빈도는 이용객에 의하여 큰 영향을 받고 있으며, 이용객이 집중하는 여름철과 주등간로에서 더욱 심각한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이용자의 영향이 큰 주등산로를 중심으로 하여 국립공원내 유흥중심적 활동제한 및 여름철에는 이용제한 등의 적극적인 야생조류의 보호대책이 필요하였다. 그리고 인공새집의 이용정도 조사에서는 합성재로 제작된 원통형 새집을 선호하는 경향을 털이고 있으며, 야생조류의 유치 및 증식에 기여할 수 있는 인공새집의 올바른 설치 및 관리가 요망된다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.89-95
• /
• 1985

항생제인 Spiramycin과 Virginiamycin의 성장촉진 효과를 측정하기 위하여 총 360수의 육용계 (broiler chicken) 초생추를 battery에 수용하여 각각 6주씩 2차에 걸친 사양시험과 4일간의 대사시험을 실시하였다. 1차 실험에서는 고단백(21.9%), 고열량( 3159kca1/kg) 사료를 사용하였으며 180수의 숫병아리를 10수씩 무첨가구 Spiramycin(5ppm)구 및 Virginiamycin(5ppm)구에 각각 6반복씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 2차실험에서는 중단백( 19,95%), 중열량(2931 kca1/kg) 사료를 사용하고 90수의 숫병아리와 90수의 암병아리를 10수씩 분리하여 처리당 암ㆍ수 각각 3 반복씩 배치하였다. 사양시험을 통하여 얻어진 증체량, 사료섭취량, 사료효율 및 폐사율은 처리구간에 통계적 유의차가 없었으나 1, 2차 실험 공히 항생제 B구가 무처리구(1차실험) 또는 항생제 A구(2차실험) 보다 약 3% 높은 증체량을 나타내었다. 사료효율에 있어서도 항생제 B구가 가장 좋은 경향을 보여주었다. 2차실험의 결과에 의하면 증체량, 사료섭취량 및 사료효율에 있어서 암수간에는 유의한(p〈0.01) 차이가 있었다. 대사시험결과 항생제 B구가 타처리구보다 영양소 이용률이 높은 경향을 나타내었으며 특히 1차 실험에 있어서 조지방의 이용률은 타처리에 비해 유의하게 (p〈0.01) 높았고 조섬유이용률도 항생제 A구에 비해 유의하게 (p〈0.05) 높았다. 한편 대사체중당 소장의 무게와 길이는 항생제 B구가 타처리구에 비해 무겁고 긴 경향을 보여주었다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.287-292
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 마늘 추출물(GE)의 급여가 육계 생산성, 영양소 소화율, 도체 성상 및 계육 특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하기 위하여 1일령 Hubbard 종 Broiler(체중 $44.72{\pm}1.76\;g$) 1,200수를 공시하여 3처리 4반복, 반복당 100수씩 완전 임의 배치하였다. 3개의 처리구는 각각 대조구, 마늘 추출물 (GE) 100 ppm, 200 ppm 첨가구로 나누어, 육계 전기(0~3주)와 육계 후기(4~5주) 총 5주 동안 사양 시험을 진행하였다. 마늘 추출물(GE) 100 ppm과 200 ppm을 사료에 첨가하여 실험한 결과 증체량과 사료 섭취량에서는 GE 100 ppm 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났지만 통계적 유의성은 인증되지 않았다(p>0.05). 후기의 사료 요구율은 GE 100 ppm 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 개선되었다(p<0.05). 영양소 소화율에서는 GE 100 ppm 첨가구와 GE 200 ppm 첨가구의 건물 소화율이 대조구에 비해 개선되었다(p<0.05). 산패도는 계육의 보존 기간을 늘려주는 주요한 요소인데, 마늘 추출물 급여시 계육의 산패도가 저장 8일과 12일차에 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 육색 측정에서는 가슴살의 명도, 적색도와 황색도를 조사하였는데, 명도에서 GE 200 ppm 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 본 실험의 결과 육계 사료 내 GE의 첨가는 육계의 생산성에는 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 계육의 보존 기간을 늘려주는 주요한 요소인 산패도와 소비자들의 기호성을 높여주는 육색(명도)을 개선시킨 것으로 볼 때 육계 사료 내 GE의 첨가는 계육의 육질 개선에 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.167-177
• /
• 1990

제한급사가 산란능력에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 36주령 된 백색레그혼계통 산란계 3,087수가 수용된 계군으로부터 208수를 무작위로 추출하여 52수씩 4군으로 나누었다. 다음 1주간은 수당 100g의 사료를 급여하여 예비사육 한 뒤에 각각 수당 100, 95, 90 및 85g의 사료를 급여하여 3주간 실험 사육하여 산란능력을 113g을 급여한 원내의 계군의 성적과 비교하였다. 3주간의 열한급여 실험기간 중에 사료급여량이 감소함에 따라 일당증체중, 산란율, 난중 및 산란일양이 직선적으로 낮아졌다. 산란율 난중 및 산란일양은 일당 사료섭취량과 각각 y＝0.3753x＋38.75 (r＝0.503, n＝15), y＝48.2＋0.08868x(r＝0.835, n＝15) 및 y＝15.69＋0.2786x (r＝0.597, n＝15)로 표현되는 회귀식이 성립하였다. 한편 사료효율은 95g까지, 에너지 이용율도 95g까지 그리고 단백질이용율은 90g까지 사료제한도가 높을수록 높아졌다. 한편 사료섭취량의 제한이 난각두께에 미치는 영향이 관찰되지 않았으나, 사료급여량이 낮을수록 계란중 만백질함유비율이 높고 지질과 콜레스데롤 함량은 낮아지는 경향이 존재하였다. 따라서 본성적은 사료중여량을 16%(95 g)까지 제한할 수 있으며, 이때의 일당 체중감소량 3.5 g이 제한정도와 기간을 정하는 기준으로서 제시되었다. 한편 채란양계에서 113 g(100%)에서 95 g (84.1%)까지 사료급여량을 단계적으로 제한했을때, 사료가격이 당 200원이고 난가가 kg당 600원으로 하면 (난사가격 비＝3.0) 수당조수익(난가-사료가)은 사료 급여 량을 제한할수록 높았다.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.689-702
• /
• 2022

Global fashion houses have recently incorporated traditional Korean motifs within their inspiration. This trend is an opportunity to showcase the colors of traditional Korean culture by investing in the new design content. Products specifically based on traditional Korean culture are lacking in brand awareness despite the success of Korean content. Accordingly, this study designs cultural products based on Korean folk painting that captures Korean people's satirical sense of humor. Korean folk painting theories are analyzed, from which different types of folk paintings are classified based on research of bibliographies and online documents. Following classification, the results are dataized as different types of folk paintings and their meanings. Furthermore, images of folk paintings are categorized and scanned digitally. The digitized images of the folk paintings are processed through Adobe Photoshop CS for overall layout and Adobe Illustrator CS for detailed designs. Traditional categories of Korean folk paintings are used, including flowers and birds, letters, and study stationery. Using the main elements of the flower and birds category, designs with cultural products such as images of flowers, birds, animals, and fish are produced. The final designs are used to create fashion items that can easily be used for embellishment or self-presentation: a scarf and a necktie. The scarf and the necktie are not only merchandise; they also symbolize the story, humor, and hope that Korean folk paintings once symbolized.

• 복식
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.89-102
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to research Korean Jowoo-Guan and Chinese Hal-Guan and study transition and symbolism of the birds feather in the cap. The culture of ancient Korea was influenced by North Asia prior to the influence of the Chinese culture, One of the remarkable thing, as the cultural factor of North Asia is the birds worship thought. Korean Jowoo-Guan was derived from the birds worship thought. So in dealing with the plume of Korean Jowoo-Guan, we must recognize Worship to the bird and the symbolical meaning of the bird. The results of study was as follow. 1. Korean Jowoo-Guan was influenced worship to the sun, so it's wearing symbolized the governing class. As the Social development and governing class, the feathering cap was developed to a gold crown, and also the gold crown of Samguk times had been influenced style of North Asia culture. But afterwards the symbolical meaning of the bird was waning, only decorative meaning was remained. 2. Chinese Hal-Guan was warn in Joo-dynasty, but the symbolism of the plume in the cap was not similar to Korean Jowoo-Guan. Chinese Hal-Guan was symbolized bravery of superfluous soldier than Worship to the bird. But afterwards the symbolical meaning of bravery of superfluous soldier was waning, only decorative moaning was remained. 3. Though neighbor countries have mutually influenced and have similar cultural style, they have symbolism of themselves

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.151-165
• /
• 2015

This study surveys and analyzes the ecology of Gangseo area to be developed near Nakdonggang River and West Nakdonggang River in Busan - before its development. With the result of the surveys as its basis, the study also finds ways to conserve the area's bird habitats in response to the planned development. According to the site surveys over four seasons, West Nakdonggang River which is near the targeted development area is a wintering ground for migratory birds. Some representative bird types in this area are ducks, geese, and other water birds. There are even six legally protected species. The average altitude of their flight is calculated to be $92.4{\pm}18.8m$ and the main purpose for the migration is determined to be for food. According to evalution of the conservation value of the area, Nakdonggang River and West Nakdonggang River turns out to have the highest conservation value. Other areas are developable as long as it was environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study suggests incorporation of ecological parks and biotopes within the targeted development area along with the proposal for spaces in the surroundings where the wintering birds can rest and feed. Especially for the wintering birds that rest at Nakdonggang River and West Nakdonggang River, their flight direction and pattern was examined to determine that their resting ground should be located 50~100m off of the river bank. Furthermore, this study proposes ways to maximize bird habitat by building ecological corridors between the agricultural channel and other small streams in the targeted development area and the habitats in the surroundings. Lastly, the study suggests the construction of low buildings, at most 20m in height, near Nakdonggang River and West Nakdonggang River considering the birds' flight altitude and direction.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제63권6호
• /
• pp.1362-1375
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a combination 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (THB) and oregano extracts (i.e., Carvacrol and Thymol) at intake/dietary different levels on growth performance, intestinal health indicators, immune responses and fecal oocyst shedding in broiler chickens under Eimeria challenged condition. A total of 336 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments with seven replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were: i) Non-challenged bird without any dietary treatment (NCNT), ii) Challenged bird without any dietary treatment (CNT), iii) Challenged birds fed a THB diet (0.1 g/kg, THB), iv) Challenged birds fed a combination of THB and oregano extracts diet (0.1 g/kg, COM 100), and a gradual increase of combination of THB and oregano extracts likely v) 0.15 g/kg (COM 150), and 0.2 g/kg (COM 200). On day 14, all groups except for NCNT have orally challenged with a 10-fold dose of Livacox^® T anticoccidial vaccine to trigger coccidiosis. The results indicated that Eimeria-challenged broilers fed COM 100 and COM 200 diets increased (p < 0.05) body weight than CNT diet on day 35. Furthermore, birds fed COM 100 and COM 200 diets increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain compared to those fed CNT diets for the entire experimental period. There is no significant (p > 0.05) in average daily feed intake, feed efficiency between NCNT and birds fed with combined THB and oregano extracts for the entire experimental period. A combination of THB and oregano extract regardless of concentration levels or THB alone reduced (p < 0.05) lesion score in ileum compared to the CNT diet for 7 days post-infection (dpi). Birds fed COM 100 diet had lower (p < 0.05) intestinal lesion scores in jejunum and caeca on 7 dpi compared to those were in the CNT diet. No (p > 0.05) difference was observed in the oocysts per gram of feces count, intestinal morphology, carcass traits and blood cytokine concentration among the infected treatments. Collectively, we conclude that birds fed with a combination of THB and oregano extracts regardless of the ratios that were used demonstrated better recovery of health after the coccidial challenge than using only THB alone.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제61권4호
• /
• pp.192-203
• /
• 2019

A study was conducted to determine the influence of feed form and microbial enzyme supplementation on energy utilization, bone quality, and amino acid and mineral digestibility of broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty Ross 308, day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to eight diets formulated from commonly used ingredients in Tanzania. A 2 (pellet or mash) ${\times}$ 4 (control, Axtra XB, Quantum Blue (QB) and Axtra XB + QB enzyme) factorial array in a completely randomized design having six replicates per treatment (10 birds per replicate) was used. Birds were raised in climate-controlled rooms in a 3-phase; starter (0-10 days), grower (11-24 days) and finisher (25-35 days). Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), metabolizable energy intake, net energy of production, energy retained as protein (REp), and efficiency of metabolizable energy use for energy and protein retention were higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets. The AME and REp was higher (p < 0.05) with enzyme supplementation. Ash content, weight, length, width and breaking strength of tibia bones were highest (p < 0.05) in birds on pelleted diets. Tibia bone traits were improved (p < 0.05) when enzymes were included, particularly in a combination of QB and Axtra XB. However, potassium, magnesium, and zinc contents were highest (p < 0.05) when QB was supplemented. Digestibility of all amino acids was higher (p < 0.05) in birds supplied with pellets and with enzyme supplementation for most amino acids, except for serine. There was a positive interaction (p < 0.05) between feed form and enzymes on lysine and phenylalanine digestibility. Digestibility of Ca, P, K, S, Zn, and Fe was higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets, while those on mashed diets had higher (p < 0.05) digestibility of Cu and B. The digestibility of P, K, and Zn was highest (p < 0.001) when QB was added, while Ca, P, S, and B digestibility was highest when a combination of Axtra XB + QB was applied. Pelleted diets with or without enzymes improved energy utilization, digestibility of amino acids, and minerals, and increased bone strength in broiler chickens.