• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.133-151
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the international competition power between Korean ports and Chinese ports according to the port efficiency scores of DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) by newly introducing the priority vector of AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) to the DEA method. Empirical analysis shows the followings: First, there was not big changes of DEA rankings when we use the input-oriented CCR and BCC models after introducing the AHP priority vectors to the input variables. Yantian Port's competition power was declined, but that of Busan Port was up in the BCC model. Second, there was some changes of DEA rankings when we use the output-oriented CCR and BCC models after introducing the AHP priority vectors to the output variables. Rankings of Dalian, Qingdao, Shanghai Ports were up. But Shekou, Yantian Ports showed the declined ranking position in the CCR model. In the BBC model, rankings of Shanghai and Busan Ports were up. But those of Shekou and Yantian Ports were declined. The main policy implication based on the findings of this study is that The Ministry of Maritime Affairs & Fisheries in Korea and China should introduce AHP and DEA approaches when they measure the international competition power by using the porrt efficiency scores of DEA.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.709-714
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• 2004

This paper first tries to analyze total sea transport costs for the transshipment in Busan Port in comparison with direct transport to 4 Chinese Ports, Dalian, Tinajin, Qingdao and Shanghai, based on vessel operation scenarios. The results found that the transshipment in Busan port for the 4 Chinese ports are more expensive than the direct calling to the 4 ports, which implies that Busan port needs to make compensation as an incentive to the carriers providing transshipment service to it in order to keep their royalty. For the compensation, it suggested a method of calculating the Container Terminal Facilities Leasing Fee to levy additional revenue by port authority.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.319-328
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• 2017

The efficiency of port operations is an important indicator of port development. Moreover, there is excess handling capacity in Chinese ports, which results in a slower speed of development. Under the detrimental environment of the international shipping market, it is necessary to improve the operation efficiency of ports for long-term development. This paper provides an assessment of the competitiveness of Chinese seaport companies using the Boston Consulting Group's matrix, and efficiency measurements using a data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist method. This analysis showed that highly efficient companies reformed their development strategies, which should be a solution considered by less efficient companies, such as Shenzhen Yan Tian Port Holdings Co., Ltd.. Although, having high throughput should be reformed in the investment structure. This research will assist port companies in gaining effective operating experience, and governments in establishing strategic planning to enhance the efficiency of port development.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.113-134
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the efficiency of integrated management strategy between Busan and Gwangyang ports through considering the integrated management strategy of ports in China and Japan. The reason we selected Busan and Gwangyang ports is that these two ports are a major port which is possible to be an Asia hub port by the policy of Korean government, but these two ports are concerned that they are able to lose their competitiveness by excessive competition. Therefore, we attempted to analyze the integrated management strategy of China and Japan and then we examined the effectiveness of integrated management between Busan and Gwangyang ports. For empirical study, we assumed that the co-management of these two ports will enhance the port performances. And a comparative study has been conducted with 25 Asian ports by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. We also tried to compare the efficiency between before integrated management and after integrated management of these two ports. The result of analysis indicates that the port performance of these two ports has been increased slightly in integrated management system, but the efficiency of these two ports is still lower than other competitors such as Chinese and Japanese ports. It means that there exists inefficiency in management of these two Korean ports because Korean ports are already reached into the economies of scale. Therefore, the strategies for improving of port performances are required to survive against competition.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2004

Because of a recent trend of the open and globalized world economy, international trade is getting bigger and there is a trade competition among many countries, resulting in competition between harbor industries. Therefore, as hub-port development of China, Japan and Taiwan is more actively progressing than any other times, Korea should prepare a powerful management system to take the initiative over them. Above all, a new recognition of the governmental officers in charge of political management about hub-port industry and early development of the northeast hub-port are needed. To maximize its distinctiveness from competitive ports, port sale should be actively managed. As well, as port functions are diverse, accompanied site development should be prepared. In conclusion, in order to improve functions of a port and develop the port as a general complex of physical distribution, the government should encourage the accompanied site development and support preparation of a customs-free area and a general system of physical distribution.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.143-175
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to show the clustering trend by using the variable group benchmarking(VGB) and categorical variable(CV) models for 38 Asian ports during 9 years(2001-2009) with 4 inputs(birth length, depth, total area, and number of crane) and 1 output(container TEU). The main empirical results of this paper are as follows. First, clustering results by using VGB show that Shanghai, Qingdao, and Ningbo ports took the core role for clustering. Second, CV analysis focusing on the container throughputs indicated that Singapore, Keelong, Dubai, and Kaosiung ports except Chinese ports are appeared as the center ports of clustering. Third, Aqaba, Dubai, Hongkong, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Ningbo ports are recommended as the efficient ports for the target of clustering. Fourth, when the ports are classified by the regional location, Dubai, Khor Fakkan, Shanghai, Hongkong, Keelong, Ningbo, and Singapore ports are the core ports for clustering. On the whole, other ports located in Asia should be clustered to Dubai, Khor Fakkan, Shanghai, Hongkong, Ningbo, and Singapore ports. The policy implication of this paper is that Korean port policy planner should introduce the VGB model, and CV model for clustering among the international ports for enhancing the efficiency of inputs and outputs.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.29-46
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• 2014

Nowadays the trade volume between Korea and China is rapidly increasing. With the current trend in mind, this study aims to seek strategic plans for increasing cooperation between Korean and Chinese logistics industries. The plans are especially centered around port regions, since ports are responsible for most of the trade volume between the two nations. As for the method, a case study was carried out in capital area ports in Korea and Shandong Province port regions of Bohai Economic Rim in China to address the problems and propose strategic plans to promote cooperation between the two nation's logistics industries, specifically with port regions as the center. The results showed that in increasing cooperation between Korean and Chinese logistics industries, the most important factor is for the two governments to put effort in solving the problems arising in port areas. Moreover, Korean government should strengthen its support to Korean companies in Chinese port areas as well as exert effort in multilateral ways such as system improvement and facility investment for capital area ports so as to gain competitive edge against China. This study contributes to the existing literature in that it applies suggested cooperative strategies for Korea-China logistics industry from previous studies to port regions as the focus, and it also sheds new light on institutions located in port areas through in-depth interview.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.51-75
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• 2014

Cruise industry is a continually growing high value industry despite of economic recession. As Chinese cruise tourists increase, the cruise industry in Northeast Asia has been attracting attention. Korean ports have constructed cruise terminals with vision of becoming a cruise home port. Asian leading cruise country, Singapore has cruise industry strategy linked with Singaporean tourism strategy. Based on the Singaporean cruise industry, several strategies for Korean cruise industry development are suggested. Analyzing the economic effect of cruise home port and call-port and Korean cruise industry environment shows that Busan port is fit for home port, Incheon port is fit for sub home port, and Jeju port is fit for call-port. Korean cruise ports are playing a role in call-port in Northeast Asia cruise market, an introduction of Korean cruise company and home port by the company are needed to develop the Korean cruise industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.7 s.78
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• pp.49-59
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• 2004

In order to be a hub-port in Northeast Asia, current China government has intensively invested in port development. Further, this development Project is significantly big scale, compared with those projects which Korea and Japan have. Thus, China is beginning to threaten Korean ports, especially Busan port which try to be a hub port in Northeast Asia. For this reason, recently many studies to evaluate competitiveness between Korean ports, especially Busan and Gwangyang, and Chinese ports have been conducted. In the mean time, implications of those pervious research has mainly been based on evaluation of port competitiveness using evaluation methodologies, such as AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) and HFP(Hierarchical Fuzzy Process). However, as previous evaluation algorithms are methodologies that only calculate ranking of ports by competitiveness level, from the results of analysis, critical weak points affected current port competitiveness could not clearly fine out. That is, because there has not been any algorithm that can extract critical points from the evaluation results. The aim of this paper is to present critical points that affect port competitiveness using an algorithm based on IRFE(Inverse Relation of Fuzzy Evaluation), and scenario analysis, from previous results of evaluation of port competitiveness. And The research scope is to covey the subjective ports of Korea and China's 7 major ports (Busan, Gwangyang, Sanghai, Qingdao, Tienjin, Dalian and Kaoshuing). From analysis, it was found that critical weak point of Busan port is the level of hinterland including availability of free trade zone.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

By using social network analysis, this study examined 102 countries, 281 ports, and 6,318 maritime routes associated with the global network of the Maersk Line. With the 'Belt and Road' in place, China is developing ports, expanding the cooperation with major ports, and increasing its influence on maritime transport. China's ports' reform and development implies establishing stable and independent logistic networks for supply of raw materials as well as exports and imports. This is closely related not only to individual ports' competitiveness, but also to relational structures between maritime powerhouses such as the US-which has the largest share and influence in the global market-and the surrounding countries. In this regard, an analysis of the maritime transport needs to consider the characteristics of individual ports together with those of each country. This study identified the characteristics of each port in light of the relationships in the global network of Maersk and applied them to each country. Moreover, the individual networks of China, the US, and Korea are compared. The findings showed that China, the US, Panama, Malaysia, and Spain accounted for large shares of the global network, while the shares of China, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam were high in China's network. In addition, by comparing individual networks of China, the US, and Korea, it emerged that Korean ports such as Busan and Gwangyang had secured a high level of competitiveness in the Chinese network.