• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.536-546
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• 2014

Objectives: The major objective of this paper is compare the exposure work hours and experieence of ill health symptoms among under and over employment and matched group. Workers with over employment have more exposed to hazards than that with under employment because that workers with over employment work more than those with ender employment. Methods: This study as heuristics one used the third Korean Working Conditions Survey done by Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute in 2011. The sample size is 50,023 economic active persons. Over and under employment were measured by matching method of preferred and actual work hours. The exposed work hours to hazards were measured according to 13 hazardous factors and the experience of ill health symptoms were scaled by the number of experienced 14 ill health symptoms. To compare the exposure and the symptoms experience were compared by mean difference test with F test. Results: The proportion of over employment in male employees is 32.1% and that in female employees is 29.3% and under employment rate is 11.2% in mae and 13.9% in female employees. There is significant difference of the rate of over and under emplyment among age groups, industrial sectors, occupational groups and the state of employment. The difference of the exposed work hours to hazards among under, over and matched group were statistically significant in all hazards by gender. The exposed work hours to hazards in over employment were more than those in under employment. The number of experienced symptoms in over employment is statistically significantly more than that in under employment. Conclusions: Workers with over employment may be vulnerable group in the criteria of hazard exposure and health status. The results have some implications and limitations because that this study is heuristic one. The mismatch of preferred and actual working hours may be unfavorable work condition that has impact on safety and health of workers. The impact mechanism may be investigated as future study, Because that this study used cross sectional survey data, some causal relationships cannot be evaluated.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.9.1-9.10
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• 2023

Background: Studies conducted so far on the link between commute time and mental health among Koreans remain insufficient. In this study, we attempted to identify the relationship between commute time and subjective mental health using the 6^th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). Methods: Self-reported commute time was divided into four groups: ≤ 30 (group 1), 30-60 (group 2), 60-120 (group 3), and > 120 minutes (group 4). Subjective depression was defined as a score of 50 points or less on the WHO-5 well-being index. Subjective anxiety and fatigue were defined as answering 'yes' to the questionnaire on whether they had experienced it over the past year. The analysis of variance, t-test, and χ² test was used to analyze the differences among the characteristics of the study participants according to commute time, depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for depression, anxiety, and fatigue according to commute time were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age, monthly income, occupation, company size, weekly working hours, and shift work status. Results: Long commute times showed increased ORs and graded increasing trends for depression, anxiety, and fatigue. The ORs for depression increased significantly in group 2 (1.06 [1.01-1.11]), group 3 (1.23 [1.13-1.33]), and group 4 (1.31 [1.09-1.57]) compared to group 1 (reference). The ORs for anxiety increased significantly in group 2 (1.17 [1.06-1.29]), group 3 (1.43 [1.23-1.65]) and group 4 (1.89 [1.42-2.53]). The ORs for fatigue increased significantly in group 2 (1.09 [1.04-1.15]), group 3 (1.32 [1.21-1.43]), and group 4 (1.51 [1.25-1.82]). Conclusions: This study highlights that the risk of depression, anxiety, and fatigue increases with commute time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.495-503
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the general characteristics, work overload, work life balance, job engagement of working adolescents and the factors affecting job engagement. We examined 1,772 working adolescents under the age of 24 years in response to the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Technical statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis were used. The study results showed that men had high-level job engagement when they were professional, self-employed, 41-52 hours per week, and never experienced employment discrimination. For women, job engagement was high if they were under 19 years of age, college graduates, professions, temporary work, 41-52 hours a week, and had never experienced gender discrimination, and employment discrimination. In addition, the job engagement of both men and women was higher when work overload was less and work life balance was good. This study is meaningful in that it examined the job engagement of working youth by using the Korean Working Conditions Survey representative of Korean workers. However, it has limitations in that it does not take into account specific circumstances such as academic status or military service. Based on the study results, it can be used as basic data for developing educational programs to manage job engagement and understanding of working adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.156-165
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare working condition and health status between parcel delivery workers (PDW) and food delivery workers (FDW) and to examine the factors influencing their health status. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data collected from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). Based on existing literature, a set of variables was chosen from the KWCS. Results: The proportion of PDW who carryied/moved heavy loads and experienced high job stress and lack of rest time was significantly higher than that of FDW. However, more FDW than their counterparts worked atypical hours. The differences in fatigue and well-being between PDW and FDW were not statistically significant. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed low temperature, tobacco smoke, standing for long periods, and job stress were significant predictors of fatigue or well-being of FDW. Among PDW, noise, tobacco smoke, sitting for long periods, quantitative demands, hiding emotions, support from colleagues, job stress, no recovery period, and night work were significant predictors of fatigue or well-being. Conclusion: The findings of this study may be useful in developing nursing interventions for disease protection health promotion of delivery workers.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 1999

Objectives: Quality of Working Life(QWL) is a set of employee's physical, mental conditions which are perceived at their work. Most employees and managers are concerned about the quality of working life as a strategy for improving organizational effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between QWL and organizational effectiveness of employees at the general hospital. Methods : Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires at the general hospital in Kyunggi-Do. Survey was conducted to 675 workers. QWL was measured by using 5 items from the scale developed by Walton(1973). Organizational effectiveness was measured by measuring organizational commitment, intention of job-shift, and job satisfaction. Results: The recognitions to each component of QWL were significantly different by socio-demographic characteristics such as sex, age, education levels and working duration. Also, QWL were significantly different by types of organizational culture. Multiple regression analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were applied to find the relationship of QWL and organizational effectiveness. As a result, job-pride, compensation, working condition, human relationship and development showed significant relationship with organizational effectiveness. Conclusions: These results show that QWL is significantly related to organizational effectiveness. So we expect that this result will be used as basic informations for management and motivation of employees at the general hospital.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.34
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• pp.13.1-13.11
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• 2022

Background: Work is an inseparable element of a person's life, and violence in the workplace has various effects on individual workers and companies. While most studies have focused on specific industries, very few studies have investigated the influence of workplace violence by co-workers. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between workplace violence and work-related depression/anxiety in various occupations by differentiating the perpetrators of violence as co-workers and clients. Methods: This study was conducted based on data from the 4th and 5th Korean Working Conditions Surveys (KWCS). The experience of workplace violence was classified in terms of the perpetrator: workplace violence by co-workers and that by clients. Work-related depression and anxiety were assessed using questions about health problems related to depression and anxiety and whether the problems were related to work. Descriptive statistics, χ² tests, and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using the SPSS 26.0. Results: After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics (age, education, income, subjective health status) and occupational characteristics (occupation, weekly working hours, type of employment, size of workplace, and shift work), male workers with experience of workplace violence by co-workers were found to be at a higher risk of work-related depression/anxiety (odds ratio [OR], 11.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.65-15.36). The same was confirmed for female workers (OR, 10.89; 95% CI, 7.90-15.02). Conclusions: Employees who experienced workplace violence from co-workers were found to be more vulnerable to work-related depression/anxiety. Continuous contact between the victim and the perpetrator may occur, and the possibility of a secondary assault can frighten the victim. Appropriate prevention and intervention measures that focus on the perpetrators of violence are needed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.41-70
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• 2005

The object of the study is to examine the change of social-economic structure and poverty-shape to escape poverty. In Korea, the working poor have been increased by flexibility and division of labor market since the economic crisis in 1997, and are faced with hard conditions due to the vulnerable welfare system. Especially the workers who engage in irregular jobs were increased by restructure of labor market. Besides they are in unstable employment terms such as low payment, low-skill and exclusion from welfare-benefit. Many small independent businessmen are also in danger of poverty for enterprises trend to move abroad by globalization. Poverty policy in our country was focused on the absolute poor class that has relation with old age, unemployment, disable, disease etc, so they were the object of welfare policy. The poverties, however, are increasing rapidly after the economic crisis, and they work so hard but are still poor, that is, participation in labor market doesn't become an element to escape poverty. Thus the emergence of new poverties whose core consists of the working poor becomes to need new poverty policy. The study is to survey change of their economic conditions, their welfare conditions, their experiences and responses of social dangers after the economic crisis, then to explore the policy to escape poverty. As the result of the study, it shows that the working poor experienced many kinds of social dangers like unemployment, decrease of income etc. In their welfare conditions as their responses to the social dangers, the benefit of social insurance, enterprise welfare like legal retirement pay and paid leave and private welfare such as private pension and insurance are low. The working poor are faced with social dangers, moreover, they don't have skill or education for adapting themselves to information society. The study says that it needs variable policies for the working poor to escape poverty, and suggests payment & tax policies as stable income policy, occupational discipline and skill-education for promoting the quality of employment, moreover, social insurance as expansion of social welfare policy and housing & education policies whose objects are the working poor.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.316-324
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify differences in physical working environments, psychosocial working environments, and health outcomes according to the employment type of delivery workers. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of data collected from the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). Participants were 84 Korean delivery workers. Data were analyzed using the SAS 9.4 Version, χ² test and Fisher's exact test. Results: Statistically significant differences were found according to the employment type of delivery workers (special types, wage) including "noise", "vibrations", "repetitive movements", "supervisor support", "colleague support", "manuals on emotional expression", "existence of trade union, works council or similar body". Conclusion: This study suggests the necessity of improving the working environment and health outcomes of delivery workers belonging to special employment types. In developing these, the laws and systems must be reorganized to enable the recognition of delivery workers as wage workers. In addition, delivery companies should be held responsible for managing delivery workers.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.106-121
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• 2004

This thesis examined and analyzed the occupational status of the promising occupations in the environmental industry. A study on the status of the occupations in the environmental industry is very necessary for planning policies and improving occupations in the environmental industry. Studies and discussions regarding the status of the occupations in the environmental industry, however, were extremely insufficient. A survey of the employees in the environmental industry was conducted in order to certainly comprehend the status of the occupations, educational and training programs, and occupational changes and to utilize the result of the survey as foundational data necessary for occupational studies in the environmental industry. The subject of the survey was limited to the employees who had work for one or more years in twenty promising occupations in the environmental industry. The content of the survey was occupational performance competencies, occupational careers, the degree of occupational satisfaction, vocational education and training, working conditions, occupational changes, and the security of the human resources. Dissimilarities as well as similarities among twenty promising occupations were discovered according to the analysis result of the occupations in the environmental industry. A major discovery was that there are lots of difficulties in securing environment-related human resources. Primary reasons for the difficulties were inconsistent working conditions and the shortage of the qualified human resources. To solve the difficulties in securing the human resources, the curriculum of the educational and the training institutes should be innovated and the human resources from the institutes could be applied to the workplace directly after the graduation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.427-437
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of job satisfaction related attributes on the level of life satisfaction of individuals with disabilities. Job satisfaction related elements consist of wage level, job stability, working condition, career development, and communication. Design/methodology/approach - For the data collection, this research made use of The Korean Panel Survey of Employment for people with disabilities, with the study period consisting of 2016-2018, and the number of observations measuring 4405. For the data analysis, the ordinary least square, fixed effect, and random effect regression models were used. Findings - The results indicate that the life satisfaction of people with disabilities is positively influenced by wage satisfaction, job stability satisfaction, working condition satisfaction, career development satisfaction, and communication satisfaction. Research implications or Originality - This study informs policy makers for the design of welfare for people with disability, specifically related to their labor conditions.