• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.249-262
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• 2010

Regulatory test method for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) in the marine sediment and biota has not still been established even though TPHs are one of the major pollutants in marine environment. Based on the Korean Soil Standard Method (SSM) for TPHs, we considered a new treatment method for determining TPHs in marine environmental samples by using a Gas chromatography coupled with Mass spectrometric detector. We suggested an improved recovery test for quality control procedures and introduced analytical procedures of removing sulfur, polar organic materials, water and saponification for removing neutral lipids in marine bottom sediments and biota.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.163-175
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• 2011

Though polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) in marine sediment has been produced by many colleges and institution in Korea, it is difficult to compare PAHs data in a study area with those in other areas due to the lack of confidence for the quality of data from the other organization. Therefore, we suggested the protocol for PAHs analysis in marine sediment through examining the method of PAHs analysis described in over twenty scientific papers and reports. When a known amount of 23 PAHs were spiked into a sediment and anlyzed following this new protocol, very good recoveries were obtained. In addition, for college and institution with their own method to analyze PAHs can keep producing PAHs data without exchanging to this new PAHs protocol, the method to get a full confidence through the QA/QC for the PAHs data produced by these organization is included to the protocol.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.112-120
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• 2008

A series of experiments were conducted to establish a marine ecotoxicological standard method using marine primary producers, Skeletonema costatum, Heterosigma akashiwo, Prorocentrum micans, Isochrysis galbana, Tetraselmis suecica as candidate test species. Marine diatom, S. costatum was selected as standard test species in terms of the ecological roles and international uses as test species. Test methods and test acceptability criteria are as follows; $72{\sim}96$ hr population growth inhibition $EC_{50}$ as endpoint. Static non-renewal method, and population growth rates over 0.04/hr in control as test acceptability criterium. S. costatum is widely distributed in the world ocean and used for standard species of marine toxicity test method by ISO (International Standardization Organization). Possible salinity ranges for this test method are $20{\sim}35\;psu$, and reproducibility and interlaboratory test results were consistent through the calibration tests. Sensitivity of the test method was comparable or better than other toxicity tests such as rotifer neonate mortality, bioluminescent bacterial inhibition, seaweed sporulation and sea urchin fertilization tests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.10 no.2 s.21
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• pp.17-22
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• 2004

Ship is bring operated under a highly dynamic environments and many factors are related whit marine accident and those factors are interacting. An analysis on the marine accident is very important to prepare countermeasures which will ensure the safe navigation. This paper aims to build a model of the causes and improved policy for marine accident using SD(System Dynamics} approach and to measure a effect which is risk control countermeasures of marine accident. The methodology of this paper is to perform the causes and improved policy for marine accident using Brainstorming method and was to changed by quantitutive, qualitative factors and their feedback loops in casual map. This model was performed over 23 years($1997\~2020$) in a standard simulation model and 4 policy simulation models.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2008

Marine ecotoxicological standard method using fish larvae was established with the standard test species of Oryzias latipes(Japanese Medaka) and Paralichthys olivaceus(flounder) and with the 7 day $LC_{50}$ as endpoint. Test method referred to the USEPA(1994) with the replacement of test species found in the Korean water. Standard test species were selected in terms of the species supply and ecological importance in Korean waters. Japanese medaka can be reared with small tanks in the lab and has wide tolerance on salinity, and flounder eggs can be easily obtained from commercial fish hatcheries. General conditions for larval fish toxicity test are as follows. The possible salinity ranges for toxicity test were $0{\sim}35\;psu$ for medaka and >20 psu for flounder. Test type was designated as static non-renewal test if the dissolved oxygen in the test chamber does not fall below 4.0 mg/L. Ages of test species were selected as 7 days after hatched for medaka(about 5 mm TL) and 25 days for flounder(about 10 mm TL) because of the low natural mortality after these periods. Test can be accepted when the survival rates are over 80% in control. Also, species sensitivity on standard reference materials(copper, cadmium or zinc) must be provided with the toxicity test results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.514-522
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• 2020

To understand the ecotoxicological differences between representative Skeletonema sp. and Dunaliella tertiolecta, both producers as international standard test species for marine ecotoxicity testing, we compared each standard test method, and comparatively analyzed the suitability of the species for environmental assessment and their sensitivity to various test substances. Although most of the test conditions were the same in each method, there were differences in limitation of pH changing and the initial inoculation density in the validation criteria, which is supposed to originate from the low growth rate of D. tertiolecta. In terms of suitability, both species showed consistency in test performance by repeatedly meeting the validation criteria required by the standard test methods. The salinity ranges available for testing were 20 and 10 psu for Skeletonema sp. and D. tertioelecta, respectively. Finally, regarding sensitivity, the toxicity sensitivity of Skeletonema sp. was relatively higher than that of D. tertiolecta for the reference toxicant, actual polluted water discharged (ballast water), and other chemicals. This implies that using at least two species of microalgae from different classification groups could help increase the reliability and objectivity of test results in the performance of marine ecotoxicity tests using producers.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 2008

Marine ecotoxicological standard method was applicated using marine rotifer and benthic copepod as primary consumer of marine ecosystem. Marine rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis and benthic copepod, Tigriopus japonicus were designated as standard test species with the endpoints of 24hr neonate mortality (24hr $LC_{50}$) and 48hr population growth (48hr $EC_{50}$) for rotifer, and 48hr nauplius mortality (48hr $LC_{50}$) for benthic copepod. Tests method was referred to those of ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) with the replacement of test species which are widely distributed in Korean waters. The two species showed a wide tolerance on salinity ($5{\sim}35\;psu$) and can be easily cultured in small space even they were not as sensitive as in the mortality test using the nauplius of marine invertebrates. However, these species revealed the significant "concentrationresponse relationship" tested with ocean disposal wastes, and reproducibility using cadmium as standard reference material between laboratories. Accordingly, these two species have good potential as test species for marine ecotoxicological test species. Also, we strongly recommend that at least one of these species be included in the test species of "battery test" in marine bioassay.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.366-371
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• 2015

This work was conducted to apply the multi class pesticide multiresidue method for determining the use of hexaconazole in the agricultural products using GC-NPD. The multi class pesticide multiresidue method results were validated for the assay of hexaconazole by using linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and quantitation. The linearity in the concentration ranged from 0.025 to 5.0 mg/L ($R^2$ > 0.999). Lettuce recoveries ranged from 89.42% to 94.15% with relative standard deviations below 7.78%, for spiking levels from 0.04 to 4.0 mg/kg. The limit of detection was 0.04 mg/kg, and the limit of quantitation was 0.11 mg/kg. The intra- and inter-day precisions were 2.42~3.49% and 4.90~7.78%, respectively. We suggested that the multi class pesticide multiresidue method for determining hexaconazole was highly accurate and reproducible, and it will be used as a routine analysis in agricultural products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2020

Recently, studies have been actively conducted on seismic design and improvement of the seismic performance of bridges, buildings, factories, and plants. In particular, heavy items that are being manufactured or waiting to be shipped from factories (such as generators, engines, and boilers) must be equipped with seismic stoppers to prevent them from moving or falling during an earthquake. Seismic stoppers should be suitably determined by the size and weight of these heavy items; however, they have no general design standard. In this study, structural analyses and seismic tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of newly designed seismic stoppers. Structural analysis was performed on three stopper models to estimate the external load at which the yield stress of the material was not exceeded. Based on the analysis results, a seismic test of the stopper was carried out in accordance with the AC156 test method. Finally, product specifications for all three seismic stopper models were determined and their static/dynamic load performance was evaluated.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2008

Luminescent bacterial toxicity test was first introduced in the early 1980s, registered as international standard method in 1998 and now widely used as a common toxicity test method. This toxicity test uses luminescent bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, originated from marine environment as a test organism. The degree of toxicity can be evaluated from the comparison of luminescent emission intensity between control and treatment groups to toxicants and materials from various environmental matrix for 30 min. This test can be carried out by using commercial products and its results are sensitive and precise. This research is on the feasibility of adopting luminescent bacterial test as a domestic standard test protocol. Using commercial products, a series of experiments were conducted to identify the precision and accuracy of injection volume and light emission, and to evaluate concentration-response relationship between chemical concentrations and light emissions. Also, the feasibility of the application to environmental media and quality assurance/quality control were checked. The results of serial toxicity tests revealed that the preliminary luminescent bacterial toxicity test was robust and suitable as a standard method.