• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2024

Objectives: Children with disabilities may exhibit a multitude of symptoms, and treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach for a satisfactory outcome. Lack of awareness among physicians, lack of referral, and lack of inter-sectoral coordination have hindered paediatric practice in Tamil Nadu, a state in India with a striking childhood disability rate that warrants a timely interdisciplinary approach. However, the perspectives of paediatricians on paediatric physiotherapy are unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the perspectives of practicing paediatric physicians in Chennai on the role of physiotherapy in paediatrics. Methods: For an in-depth exploration, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted in person with 10 paediatricians. Audio from the sessions was recorded and transcribed, and data saturation was achieved through iterative analysis. Results: A grounded theory analysis of the results yielded 5 domains under which the perspectives and expectations of the physicians were described, along with the barriers experienced by patients' parents as explained by their paediatrician. The responses highlighted deficits in awareness, structural support, accessibility and direct communication between physicians and physiotherapists. Conclusions: Paediatric physicians have different opinions, and some ignorance persists concerning paediatric physiotherapy. This study warrants a proper structure of the paediatric rehabilitation unit and regular interdisciplinary meetings and focus group discussions to increase access for parents and improve patient outcomes.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

In motor learning, the relative frequency of external feedback is the proportion of external feedback presentations divided by the total number of practice trials. In earlier studies, increasing the percentage of body weight loading on the affected leg of hemiplegic patients, external feedback was continuously produced as the patient attempted to perform a movement. This feedback was produced to enhance the learning effect. However, recent studies in nondisabled populations have suggested that compared with 100% relative frequency conditions, practice with lower relative frequencies is more effective. My study compared the effect of 100% relative frequency conditions with 67% relative frequency conditions to determine what effect they exerted on motor learning for increasing the percentage of body weight loading on the affected lower limbs of patients with hemiplegia. Twenty-four hemiplegic patients were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups. Each group practiced weight transfer motor learning on a machine. During practice, visual feedback was offered to all subjects. The experiment was carried out with full visual feedback for patients in group one but only 67% visual feedback for patients in group two. The percentage of loading on the affected leg was recorded four times: before learning (baseline value), immediately after learning, 30 minutes after learning, 24 hours after learning. The results were as follows: 1. In the 100% visual feedback group, the percentage of loading on the affected leg increased significantly in all three testing modes over the baseline value. 2. In the 67% visual feedback group, the percentage of loading on the affected leg increased significantly in all three measurements. 3. Immediately after learning, the learning effect was not significantly different between the two groups, but was significantly greater after both the 30 minutes delay and the 24 hours period. These results suggest that the 33% reduction in the provision of visual feedback may enhance the learning effect of increasing the percentage of body weight loading on the affected leg in patients with hemiplegia.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify influence that eye movement have an effect on postural control and balance performance by plegia side of the impaired patients of central nervous system. Subjects are patients with the impairment of central nervous system and experimental and control groups are forty people and thirty people seperatively, Total subjects were selected to seventy persons, but twelve persons of experimental group quit during the experimental periods and eight persons of control group did not measure after exercise. Therefore, twenty eight persons of experimental group and twenty two persons of control group were selected in this study and experimental group peformed eye movement for eight weeks according to the exercise program of this study. The measurement of dependent variable is right static balance, left static balance, bilateral static balance, and bilateral dynamic balance before exercise and after eighth week of exercise, examiner again measured and analyzed the results. The results were as follows: 1. As the result of comparing balance performance ability after test of the experimental and control group with right hemiplegia and control group, all of static balance performance ability of right side (p < 0.01), static balance performance ability of left side (p < 0.01), static balance performance ability of bilateral side(p < 0.01), dynamic balance performance ability of bilateral side(p < 0.05) of experimental group were statistically greater improved than those of the control group. 2. As the result of comparing balance performance ability after test of the experimental and control group with left hemiplegia and control group, all of static balance performance ability of right side (p < 0.01), static balance performance ability of left side (p < 0.01), static balance performance ability of bilateral side(p < 0.05), dynamic balance performance ability of bilateral side(p < 0.05) of experimental group were statistically greater improved than those of the control group.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.32-48
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of functional ambulation profile(FAP) and temporal-spatial gait parameters in hemiplegic patient by forceful respiratory exercise. 28 Hemiplegic patients due to stroke was randomized in 3 groups, forceful expiratory training(FET), forceful inspiratory training(FIT) and control group. In the experimental groups, ordinary physical therapy with forceful expiratory training and forceful inspiratory training for 20 minutes duration 3 times per week for 6 weeks were respectively performed. In the control group, only ordinary physical therapy was done. FAP and temporal-spatial gait parameters was measured at before and after experiments. The results of this experimental study were as follows : 1. In comparison of FAP before and after experiment, the FAP was significantly increased in the FET and FIT group (p<.01). In comparison of difference of FAP among 3 groups, there was the significant difference between the FIT group and the control group (p<.05). 2. The results of temporal-spatial gait parameters are as follows : 1) In comparison of gait velocity before and after experiment, the gait velocity was significantly increased in the FET and FIT group (p<.05). In comparison of difference of the gait velocity among 3 groups, there was the significantly difference between the FIT group and the control group (p<.05). 2) In comparison of gait cadence before and after experiment, the gait cadence was significantly increased in FIT group (p<.05). In comparison of the difference of the gait cadence among 3 groups, there was no significant difference between the FIT group and the control group (p>.05). Based on these results, it is concluded that the forced respiratory exercise program for 6 weeks can be improve the FAP and temporal-spatial gait parameters in hemiplegic patients. Therefore, the forced respiratory exercise is useful to improve the walking ability in hemiplegic patients.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigated the effects of threshold resistance inspiratory muscle training on respiratory function in chronic stroke patients. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Methods: Eighteen patient with stroke were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=9) and control group (n=9) all testing and training. The experimental group underwent threshold resistance inspiratory muscle training with resistance adjusted of maximal inspiratory pressure, 60 breathing a day and general physical therapy 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The control group was taken general respiratory muscle training and general physical therapy for 4 weeks in the same way. Respiratory function, walking ability were evaluated before and after the intervention. Statistical significance of the results were evaluated by ANCOVA between control group and experimental group after intervention. Results: There was a significant increase in FVC and FEV1 in the experimental group in pulmonary function tests (p<0.05). There was a significant difference with the maximum inspiratory pressure and the maximum inspiratory flow rate between experimental and control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference with the maximum inspiratory capacity between experimental and control group (p>0.05) but the maximum inspiratory capacity of experimental group some increased than that of control group. Conclusion: These finding gave some indications that the threshold resistance inspiratory training may benefit on pulmonary function in people with stroke, and it is feasible to be included in rehabilitation interventions with this population.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.48-60
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Joing Mobilization and Group back Pain Exercise Program on the disability level and the pain of flexibility and the back muscle strength in the hearing impairment patients with Low back pain. Methods : The subjects of this study were 12 patients, 8 males and females. They visited clinic for physical treatment within 6 months after onset of low back pain. One group was applied with Joing Mobilization and other group was with Group back Pain Exercise Program. The patient were treated special program 3 times session weekly. And treatment 2 times session was 15min with physiotherapy weekly. The muscle strength was measured by Cybex 660, the level of disability by Oswestry low back pain disability scale, the intensity of pain by visual analogue scale (VAS). The data was analysed by paired T-test and independent T-test. Results : The results of this study were summarized as follow : 1. The Oswestry disability score of experimental and control group were significantly decreased and there was no difference in the Oswestry disability score change between joint mobilization group and back pain exercise group. 2. The pains in anterior, postrior, lift lateral and right lateral bending and in rotation of back pain exercise group were significantly increased compared with those of joint mobilization group. 3. The flexors and extensors peak torque of back pain exercise group were significantly increased at test velocities $30^{\circ}$/sec, $60^{\circ}$/sec compared with those of the joint mobilization group. There was no significant difference in extensors and flexors peak torque at $30^{\circ}$/sec, $60^{\circ}$/sec between two group. The results showed that the back pain exercise group were effective in decreasing disability score and pain of trunk activity, increasing trunk extension and flexion peak torque. Conclusion : It is suggested theat the back pain exercise program could be an essential factor for the effective intervension to the hearing impairment patients suffere from low back pain.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.103-112
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• 2018

This study aimed to identify specific psychological and brain activation responses relating to the processing of negative emotions in patients with alcohol dependency. The authors hypothesized that patients with alcohol dependency would demonstrate the abnormal functioning of brain regions involved in negative emotions. Eleven male patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence in an inpatient alcohol treatment facility and 13 social drinkers with similar demographics were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as they viewed film clips that evoked negative emotions. During exposure to negative emotional stimuli, the control group evinced significantly greater activity in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in comparison to patients with alcohol dependency. Correlation analyses demonstrated a negative association in the relationship between beta values from the right ACC and amygdala in participants classified in the control group. No statistically significant relationship was observed for blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) changes between the two regions in the patient group during the elicitation of negative emotions. On the other hand, patients exhibited a greater activation of the amygdala as negative emotions were induced. These results suggest that alcoholism presents pathophysiology of brain activation that is distinct from the responses of healthy individuals functioning as controls.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.13-29
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• 2020

Objectives This study was performed to decide the bone union effect of Hwaweo-jeon on tibia fractured mice. Methods In this study, laboratory experiments were implemented by the stage of in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro, MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with various concentration of Hwaweo-jeon extract (HWJ). To investigate effect of HWJ for osteoblast, relative mRNA expression of 5 substances (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], runt-related transcription factor 2 [Runx2], osteocalcin [OCN], osterix [OSX] and collagen type II alpha 1 chain [Col2a1]) was used as a marker of osteogenesis. In order to determine HWJ's effect for fracture healing, relative gene expression level of ALP, Runx2, OCN, OSX and Col2a1 were used to find out the influence to osteoblast. Furthermore, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand and osteoprotegerin relative mRNA expression were used to estimate the impact to osteoclast. Also, X-ray was used for the purpose of identifying bone union in tibia-fracture mouse model. Results In in vitro experiment, most part of relative mRNA expression were increased compared to control group. In in vivo and in vitro experiment, HWJ induced osteoblast activitation by verifying relative mRNA expression of 5 substances. And in vivo experiment, we can also identify that HWJ triggered osteoclast activation during early stage of tibia fracture. Furthermore, X-ray pictures show noticeable recovery of tibia fracture. Conclusions HWJ extract promotes bone union by facilitating the osteoblast. But, HWJ may occur liver & kidney toxicity over specific concentration. Therefore, when HWJ is applied to human body, doctors have to follow up the liver function test & renal function test of patient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare plantar pressure distribution between affected side and unaffected side and to analyze plantar pressure distribution of affected side according to the extent of hemineglect in the adult hemiplegia. Methods : Twenty-five hemiplegia participated in this study. The analysis of plantar pressure distribution was conducted by the F-scan system, and the extent of hemineglect was evaluated with line-bisection test. While the subject walked about 10 meters in their comfortable speed the plantar pressure was evaluated and stored. Results : Total contact area, AP CoP trajectory, contact pressure of mid-foot of the affected side were significantly different from the unaffected side. Total contact area, AP CoP trajectory and contact pressure of mid-foot were smaller than those of unaffected side. In the comparison among the group according to the extent of hemineglect, AP CoP trajectory of subject who has severe hemineglect was significantly different from the patient that has no hemineglect and it was shorter than that of no hemineglect. Conclusion : The plantar pressure distribution was generally different between affected side and unaffected side and the hemineglect affected negatively the patient to move CoP forwardly while walking. Accordingly, it will help the clinician to understand the hemineglect which has an effect on abnormal walking and to intervent the hemiplegia who has a neglection to the affected side.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2009

Purpose：To investigate the effect of the home exercise program on pain, scoliosis, pelvic alignment of low back in chronic back pain patients, and suggest optimal method for home exercise program. Methods：I divided into two groups who has chronic back pain; one is control group who was given a treatment at the hospital only and the other is experimental group who did another exercise after treatment at the hospital, and there were 10 people in each group. The manual therapy were given to all the patients in each group after applying a stupe and an electric treatment, but the experimental group conducted another exercise program at homes. All the exercise programs were applied to patients 12 times for 4 weeks totally. Results：SPSS for win version 12 was used for statistic analysis and independent t-test was used to find changes between two groups. VAS scale was used to show changes in pain between each group. The grade of pain was decreased between pre&post test to -5.60 in control group and -4.80 in experimental group but there wasn't significant difference between each group. Cobb's degree was used to compare the changes of scoliosis in lumbar and it was improved in each group but there wasn't significant difference between each group. The measurement of pelvic misalignment was decreased between pre&post test to -1.00 in control group and -2.00 in experimental group but it wasn't enough to show significant difference between each group. Conclusion：As you read the results above, for a chronic low back pain patient, application of the manual therapy showed that it has effect on decrease of low back pain, improvement of scoliosis in lumbar and pelvic misalignment. However, the effect of home exercise treatment was not sure about improvements for chronic low back pain patient. So I think there should need further study about the effect of home exercise treatment except the treatments at hospital and the thorough education for the exercise of lumbar should be done before the study for the accurate experiment.