• Title/Summary/Keyword: Korean Paper

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Comparative Study on UNIDROIT Principles and Korean Civil Law about Illegality of Contract in International Trade (국제무역상 계약의 위법성에 관한 UNIDROIT원칙과 한국민법 비교연구 - 한국민법의 개선방안을 제시하며 -)

  • Chang-Won Ryu
    • Korea Trade Review
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.221-239
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    • 2020
  • Among various export contracts, the contents of contracts are very important. Various companies make use of this method. [Which method are you talking about?] However, the Korean law system has an insufficient understanding of the international legal system. This paper looks into the conditions related to contracts in relation to the legal system. This paper analyzes not only the Korean civil law system about illegality of contracts but also makes a comparison with other international systems, such as the UNIDROIT Principles. Especially, the Korean civil law system about the illegality of contracts is comparable with the UNIDROIT Principles system about illegality of contracts. The purpose of this paper is to examine the revitalization of Illegality of Contract. This paper also deals with improvement of International Commercial Activation. Thus, this paper will offer directions to International Trade Practitioners. There is disagreement regarding methods of action related to international trade practice. Especially, this study is good for commercial parties, especially overseas sales people.

Growth and Yield of Potato as Affected by Paper, Oil-treated Paper and Urea-coated Paper Mulching in Spring Season Culture (멀칭종이 기름먹인 멀칭종이 및 요소피복 멀칭종이를 이용한 봄감자 재배시 생육과 수량)

  • 최일선;이변우;이학래
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.216-219
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    • 2000
  • A field study was carried out to compare the performances of mulching with recycled paper, oil-treated paper and urea-coated paper in spring season potato culture. Soil temperature, weed occurrence, and the growth and yield of potato (cv. Sumi) were compared with unmulched control. The average soil temperatures at 5cm soil depth during the first 10 days after planting were 18.9$^{\circ}C$, under paper mulch and 20.6$^{\circ}C$, under oil-treated paper mulch, being lower 0.8$^{\circ}C$ and higher 1.2$^{\circ}C$, respectively, than unmulched control. Paper mulch lowered maximum soil temperature by 4.6$^{\circ}C$, on a fine day, while oil-treated paper mulch elevated it by over 6.6$^{\circ}C$, Urea-coated paper was decomposed fester than the mulch paper without urea coating. The former was decomposed 50% by 80days after mulching, but the later only 20%. In all mulch treatments, weeds were effectively controled throughout the potato growing season. The percent emergence of potato was not different significantly among treatments. However, a little lower emergence and poor early growth were observed under oil-treated paper mulch because of higher soil temperature. Except oil-treated paper mulch, the paper mulches with and without urea coating showed no difference in growth and yield of potato from the unmulched control. The growth and yield performances were poorest under oil-treated paper mulch. Oil-treated paper mulch would result in difference growth and yield performances if potato is planted earlier than April IS in the present experiment. Further researches are needed for this aspect.

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A Study on the Paper Clothing -on the basis of handmade paper- (종이 의상에 관한 연구 - 수제지를 중심으로 -)

  • 이주실;김정혜
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.44
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    • pp.181-199
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    • 1999
  • The industry of modern clothing has deviated from the overflow of commercialism and the standardization and nowadays is going toward pursuing art, creativity, and high added value. This trend brings the return of the natural materials from the synthetic textiles and increases the value of old and handmade fabrics. Finally, the handmade-paper, which is a natural material, comes to be reconsidered as a new material for the clothing. Therefore, as the natural materials and the manufacture of handmade clothing are rising again, the qualitative improvement and globalization of clothing industry should be first realized through the developments of creative and various clothing materials and new expressing techniques. The above investigation and study have been synthesized and analyzed as follows: First, through the study on the origin of the paper clothing, its historical background and the process of its development, we've learned these two facts following : the paper clothing of the East in the past mostly had practiced meanings. On the other hand, in the West it had meanings which were raised the artist's emotions and beauty-consciousness to the artistic level by the various kinds of expressing methods. Second, handmade-paper was manufactured by the embedding method, which mixed mulberry pulp, gauze, corn, hair, sisal, silk and so on. It was found that handmade-paper had the affluent and proper texture as the clothing material and was be able to control the clarity through the variation of thickness. It was also confirmed that the creative and original texture with hand-worked molding beauty was obtained by the use of handmade-paper. Third, when the handmade-paper is used, the molding beauty of plane, relievo, and solid can be freely pursued, and various and effective molding conformation can be constructed by the effect of superposition and repetition. Also, because the maximum discretion from the various optional manufacturing methods is allowed, the molding beauty can be maximized when the clothes are manufactured with handmade-paper. Fourth, the gauze with strong drape was combined to overcome the stiffness and the tearing of the paper. As a result, the durability and the wearability of the paper were strengthened and thus the thus the applications as the clothing material were enlarged. In conclusion, in order to enhance the value, creativity, practicality, and artistic sense of the design for modern clothing, the clothes made of handmade-paper should be more studied. Moreover, for the generalization of paper clothes, the studies on the development of practical paper with paper with water resistance, post-treatment after dyeing, flexibility, and durability should be done. I really hope that this study will be the motive to provoke the possibility of handmade-paper as new clothing material in not only practical sense but also artistic sense.

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Ink Transfer Problem on a Cooled Paper (냉각된 종이의 잉크수리 문제에 관한 연구)

  • Jeon, Sung-Jai;Hong, Gi-Ahn;Youn, Jong-Tae
    • Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.87-96
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    • 2008
  • Paper stock could be situated in a cooled environment seasonally and/or regionally otherwise it is stored in a controlled warehouse. In this paper, printing problems on a cooled paper are investigated and characterized in terms of paper properties. For this purpose, various kinds of sample are cooled down under a specially designed freezing device and printed for observing their printability. Causes for poor ink transfer on a cooled paper are suggested due to condensation, surface inactivity, and rheological change in ink film. Paperboards with higher amount of binder, thick and/or multi-coated layers are more vulnerable to poor ink trap. Severe drying of wet coating could cause a similar result as that of the coatings with higher binder formulation. It is shown that more absorptive porous structure is desirable for better ink receptivity in a cooled status. Printing on a dampened surface may be an indicator for ink transferability on a cooled paper. Finally, desirable directions for papermaker and printshop are suggested.

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Basic study on selecting mold transfer paper for gloss exposed mass concrete (광택 노출콘크리트용 거푸집 전사지 선정에 관한 기초적 연구)

  • Lee, Jea-Hyeon;Kim, Min-Sang;Baek, Cheol;Kyung, Yeong-Hyeok;Han, In-Deok;Han, Cheon-Goo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2016.10a
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    • pp.15-16
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    • 2016
  • Ways to efficiently manufacture gloss exposed mass concrete at an inexpensive price, in other words, ways to paste transparent transfer paper onto the surface of a combined mold has been designated as New Technology Article 191 by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. But if the difference in the coefficient of linear expansion between the mold's and transfer paper's material causes temperature to rise or fall, a wrinkly surface can appear. Therefore this study, by experimentally comparing the deformation characteristics between the mold material and transfer paper material upon changes in temperature, seeks to serve as a basic reference point for selecting the optimal transfer paper for different mold types. Study results revealed that for molds, polyester resin transfer paper is optimal, and for aluminum molds, acrylic resin transfer paper is.

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A study on the application and manufacture of paper sheet containing lyocell fiber( I ) (Lyocell 섬유를 함유한 종이의 제조 및 적용에 관한 연구( I ))

  • 김종열;류운형;유성종;김정열;신창호;김영호
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.99-106
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    • 2000
  • In order to investigate the applicability of lyocell fiber to filter paper, papper sheets were manufactured with the addition of lyocell fibers in various length(1.5 denier: 2, 3, 4mm) and content(10, 30, 50%) and their physical characters, such as fibrilation rate, adsorption efficiency of methylene blue(MB), paper formation, and crimping ability, etc, were tested. The level of main fibrilation from lyocell fiber was higher in wet beating process than that in free beating because of the higher strength of lyocell fiber compared with wood fiber. Fibrilation could be observed at the degree of beating over 30$^{\circ}$ SR in wet beating with Valley beater. The air permeability and tear factor of the paper increased and the paper formation index decreased according to the increase of fiber length. The weak binding force of lyocell fiber in spite of its higher fiber strength, might be a limitng factor in addition of lyocell fiber to the natural wood pulp in manufacturing the paper having the needed physical properties. High contents of wood pulp decreased air permeability, the breaking length, tear factor, the bursting strength, and paper formation index in paper sheets. As the contents of lyocell increased from 10% to 100%, the adsorption efficiency of MB was elevated to 1.7-7.9 times compared with that in 100% wood pulp. But the length of lyocell fiber did not affect the MB adsorption.

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The research of restoration paper(Hanji) as the solution of damage in the bees-waxed volume of the Annals of Joseon Dynasty (조선왕조실록 밀납본 손상 복원을 위한 복원용지 탐색)

  • Seo, Jin-ho;Jeong, So-young;Jeong, Seon-hwa
    • 보존과학연구
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    • s.28
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    • pp.5-19
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    • 2007
  • The annals of Joseon Dynasty is the most valuable resource containing the record of Korean history and has been known as one of the UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. There was a period that the annals of Joseon Dynasty was used with beeswax to control pests. It is considered as the prior reason of damage on the annals of Joseon Dynasty. Therefore, in this study we examined the restoration paper(Hanji) as the solution of damage in the waxed volume of the annals of Joseon Dynasty. FT-IR spectrometer was used to examine traditional paper inside and outside of Korea and accelerated artificial aging paper. As a result of FT-IR analysis, spectrum did not showed its big difference in all paper used in this study. However, there was a different spectrum in paper which was made with not Broussonetia kazinoki, but Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea and Dioscorea batatas. Among traditional papers in various countries, spectrum of Korean paper showed the most similarity from the annals of Joseon Dynasty. In comparison between accelerated artificial aging paper and waxed volume, we could identify the change of spectrum affected by the damage.

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Material Property Estimation of Paper for Dynamic Behavior Simulation (동적 거동 시뮬레이션을 위한 종이의 물성치 추정)

  • Lee, Geun-Pyo;Choi, Jin-Hwan;Lee, Soon-Geul
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.103-111
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    • 2008
  • This study proposes a technique to estimate the material property of a paper by using an experimental methods and commercial CAE software. Under gravitation, if one side of the paper is attached to the ground, the opposite side of paper is largely deformed, and vibrates freely. Since the paper has an orthotropic characteristic due to its treatment, the deformations in two orthogonal directions of the dry paper are different. An experimental method to measure the static deformation of the paper introduces this phenomenon. And dynamic behavior, frequency of free vibration is measured. And then. virtual prototypes that can represent the static and dynamic behavior are modeled by using the commercial CAE software $RecurDyn^{MT}$/MTT3D, which has been widely used by the printer makers. While comparing the deformation and frequency from the experiment and simulation, a design optimization technique in the commercial CAE software of R-INOPL, $RecurDyn^{TM}$/AutoDesign is used to estimate the material property such as Young's modulus, shear modulus and density of the paper.

The Development of a Failure Diagnosis System for High-Speed Manufacturing of a Paper Cup-Forming Machine (다품종 종이용기의 고속 생산을 위한 고장 진단 시스템 개발)

  • Kim, Seolha;Jang, Jaeho;Chu, Baeksuk
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.37-47
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    • 2019
  • Recently, as demand for various paper containers has rapidly grown, it is inevitable that paper cup-forming machines have increased their manufacturing speed. However, the faster manufacturing speed naturally brings more frequent manufacturing failures, which decreases manufacturing efficiency. As such, it is necessary to develop a system that monitors the failures in real time and diagnoses the failure progress in advance. In this research, a paper cup-forming machine diagnosis system was developed. Three major failure targets, paper deviation, temperature failure, and abnormal vibration, which dominantly affect the manufacturing process when they occur, were monitored and diagnosed. To evaluate the developed diagnosis system, extensive experiments were performed with the actual data gathered from the paper cup-forming machine. Furthermore, the desired system validation was obtained. The proposed system is expected to anticipate and prevent serious promising failures in advance and lower the final defect rate considerably.

An Analysis of Consumer's Satisfaction about Korean Traditional Soybean Paste Products - Focusing on Deajeon's Consumers - (전통장류에 대한 소비자 만족도 분석 - 대전소비자를 대상으로 -)

  • Kim, Jong-Hwa
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.61-72
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this paper is to estimate consumer's satisfaction by purchasing farmer's processed food. So, this paper surveyed consumers which have purchased Korean traditional soybean paste products, by reason of limiting research objects among lots of farmer's processed food. A survey of 220 consumers was carried out on September and October 2016. For this matters, this paper used multiple linear regression model(included LOG-LIN model) and, set up 1 dependent and 11 independent variables. As the analysis results, we could find out that consumer's satisfaction was affected by 6 variables(price, taste, ease of cooking, confidence of product information, social awareness and perceived 6th industrialization). Among these variables, the strongest variable was "social awareness", and the second was "perceived 6th industrialization". This paper also estimated the rate of change that a dependent variable was affected by independent variables. As the results, this paper found out that "perceived 6th industrialization" had the highest rate of change(5.8%) and the second was "social awareness"(5.6%). This paper proposed 7 implications of Korean traditional soybean paste. Those were the proper price policy and quality value's promotion, quality Improvement and confidence enhancement, development of products for consumer's convenience, enhancement of social awareness, enhancement of politic management about 6th industrialization and accessibility of purchasing information.