• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2023

Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of changes in working conditions on job-related stress and musculoskeletal disorders using the results of seven surveys conducted at a single workplace from 2004 to 2022 regarding factors hazardous to the musculoskeletal system. Additionally, the study aims to propose alternative methods of investigating factors hazardous to the musculoskeletal system. Methods: A car parts manufacturing plant where the same survey was taken seven times from 2004 to 2022 was selected and the survey data was analyzed. The main contents of the survey were weekly working hours, Borg's scale, work intensity, job-related stress, and the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. The statistical analysis was performed using SAS (version 9.4). Results: The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, changes in working conditions have an impact on job-related stress. Secondly, changes in working conditions have an impact on work intensity indicators. Thirdly, changes in working conditions have an impact on the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Fourthly, even with an increase in age and length of service, job-related stress and musculoskeletal symptoms were alleviated when working conditions were improved. Conclusions: In order for measures to reduce musculoskeletal disorders to be successful, working conditions must not deteriorate, and it is necessary to demand revisions to regulations, etc. to reflect these points in the investigation of hazardous factors to the musculoskeletal system.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제31권
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• pp.22.1-22.7
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• 2016

Objectives This study analyzed the associations between mobile phone call frequency and duration with non-specific symptoms. Methods This study was conducted with a population group including 532 non-patient adults established by the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The pattern of phone call using a mobile phone was investigated through face-to-face interview. Structured methods applied to quantitatively assess health effects are Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form, Beck Depression Inventory, Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 12-item Short Form Health Survey where a higher score represents a higher greater health effect. Results The average daily phone call frequency showed a significant correlation with the PSS score in female subjects. Increases in the average duration of one phone call were significantly correlated with increases in the severity of headaches in both sexes. The mean (standard deviation) HIT-6 score in the subgroup of subjects whose average duration of one phone call was five minutes or longer was 45.98 (8.15), as compared with 42.48 (7.20) in those whose average duration of one phone call was <5 minutes. The severity of headaches was divided into three levels according to the HIT-6 score (little or no impact/moderate impact/substantial or severe impact), and a logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between an increased phone call duration and the headache severity. When the average duration of one phone call was five minutes or longer, the odds ratio (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the moderate impact group were 2.22 and 1.18 to 4.19, respectively. The OR and 95% CI for the substantial or severe impact group were 4.44 and 2.11 to 8.90, respectively. Conclusions Mobile phone call duration was not significantly associated with stress, sleep, cognitive function, or depression, but was associated with the severity of headaches.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2005

Objectives : To develop a tool for multidimensional measurement of the quality of life, which was psychometrically sound, short, and easy to administer for patients with hypertension. Methods : A sample of 1,115 hypertensive patients aged 20 or above in Cheong-Song County was studied from June 1997 to October 1998. In the development of the instrumental stage, the authors first conceptualized the quality of life. Item generation, item reduction, and questionnaire formatting were followed. Item-level (item descriptive, missing%, item internal consistency, item discriminant validity) analysis, scale-level (scale descriptive, floor and ceiling effect) analysis, and other tests(Cronbach's alpha, inter-dimension correlations, factor analysis, clinical validity) were performed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the new measurement scale. After 1 year, responsiveness and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. Results : The results of both item-level and scale-level analyses were acceptable. An acceptable degree of internal consistency was observed for each of the dimensions (Cronbach's alpha was 0.60 or higher). Inter-dimension correlations were below 0.50 and the factor analysis result was the same as the intended dimension structure. Correlation coefficients between perceived health status, stress and dimensions were proven to be acceptable. The result of comparing dimensional score means among ADL and MMSE-K groups above 60 years was statistically significant(p<0.05). The result of confirmatory factor analysis concluded that the dimensional structure model was well fitted. However, the result of responsiveness test using sensitivity and specificity was unsatisfactory. Conclusions : The newly developed measurement scale is psychometrically reliable and valid instrument for measuring quality of life in hypertensive patients.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2013

목적 : 청소년의 감각처리 특성을 알아보고 감각처리특성의 분류에 따라 그 정도는 어떠한지 알아보고, 일반적 특성인 성별, 건강상태, 내원유무, 평소감각문제와 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 또한 감각처리 특성과 스트레스, 우울, 자아 존중감의 각 군별에 어떤 차이가 있는지 알아보기로 하였다. 연구방법 : 부산, 경남지역 고등학교의 310명의 학생을 대상으로 청소년/성인 감각프로파일(Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, AASP)과 한국어판 매일 스트레스 평가서 (Korean Version of Daily Stress Inventory, K-DSI), Beck 우울척도(Beck Depression Inventory, BDI), 자아존중감 척도(Self Esteem Scale, SES) 질문지를 배부하여 직접 회수 하였다. 최종연구에 사용된 설문지는 288부이었으며, 자료분석은 SPSS for windows 18.0을 사용해서 통계 분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 본 연구에서 청소년의 감각처리특성 중 감각 찾기 점수가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 스트레스가 높을수록 감각에 민감함과 감각회피 점수가 높게 나타났고, 우울이 높을수록 등록저하, 감각회피 점수가 높게 나타났다. 그리고 자아존중감이 낮을수록 감각회피와 감각에 민감함 점수가 높아지는 반면 감각찾기 점수는 낮아졌다. 결론 : 후속연구에서는 한국의 표준치 제시에 대한 연구뿐만 아니라 감각처리에 문제를 가진 청소년을 대상으로 한 연구들이 많이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2019

목적 : 본 연구에서는 자폐스펙트럼 장애(ASD) 영유아의 어머니를 대상으로 양육 스트레스 총점, 부모영역 및 아동영역 수준에 따라 MMPI-2를 통해 어머니가 경험할 수 있는 양육 스트레스 수준에 따른 다양한 심리적 증상의 차이를 검증하였다. 연구방법 : 서울 소재의 종합병원 소아정신과, 재활의학센터, 발달 장애 클리닉 등에서 2010년에서 2015년까지 ASD로 진단을 받은 만 1세에서 5세까지의 영유아 어머니 72명을 대상으로 실시되어 축적된 한국판 부모 양육 스트레스 척도(K-PSI)와 다면적 인성검사 II(MMPI-2) 자료를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 결과 : 양육 스트레스 총점과 부모영역은 MMPI-2의 여러 임상 척도들과 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈지만, 아동영역은 유의한 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 또한, 양육 스트레스 총점 수준에 따른 심리적 증상의 차이를 검증한 결과, 위험 수준 집단이 정상 범위 집단보다 MMPI-2의 임상 척도 중 건강염려증(Hs), 우울(D), 편집증(Pa), 강박증(Pt), 조현병(Sc)이 유의하게 높았다. 양육 스트레스 부모영역에서는 위험 수준 집단이 정상 범위 집단보다 MMPI-2의 임상 척도 중 건강염려증(Hs), 우울(D), 히스테리(Hy), 반사회성(Pd), 편집증(Pa), 강박증(Pt), 조현병(Sc), 경조증(Ma), 내향성(Si)이 유의하게 높았다. 반면에 양육 스트레스 아동영역에서 위험 수준 집단과 정상 범위 집단 간의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 결론 : 양육 스트레스 총점과 부모영역에서 위험 수준 집단의 심리적 증상이 유의하게 높았다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate that the prevalence of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and occupational environmental factors that contribute to the developing of PTSD in workers who worked in emergency room in Korea. Methods: This study is a multicenter cross-sectional study that was conducted in three emergency rooms. Data was collected by self-response method through questionnaire. The Impact Event Scale-Revised was used to screen the high-risk group of PTSD. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the developing of high-risk group of PTSD. Results: Total 211 subjects responded to the questionnaire. Of these, 170 subjects experienced psychological trauma event (PTE) in the working environment. And 60 subjects classified as high risk group of PTSD, so a prevalence of high risk group for PTSD was 28.4%. Factors related to the high risk group of PTSD were the frequency of psychological trauma events experienced over the past 1 year and the high score of QIDS-SR16. Conclusion: The prevalence of high risk group for PTSD among emergency room workers in Korea is very high. This may adversely affect the safety of patients, so early screening and intervention are necessary.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between internet addiction and health behaviors & mental health among Korean adolescents. Methods: Data from the 2010 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was analyzed. Using the Korean Internet Addiction Proneness Scale for Youth-Short Form: Self Report developed by the Korean National Information Society Agency in 2008, subjects were classified into 3 groups for internet addiction including general user, potential-risk group, and high-risk group. The health behaviors and mental health were compared among the groups for internet addiction by gender. Results: There was significantly higher prevalence of internet addiction including potential-risk group and high-risk group in boys(14.1%) than in girls(8.8%). There were significant odds ratios of perceived stress, perceived depression, perceived health and happiness, and satisfaction of sleeping in both genders at potential-risk group and high-risk group compared to general user for the internet addiction. The odds ratios of smoking at high risk group, alcohol drinking at potential risk group, eating breakfast at high risk group, and moderate physical activity at both risk groups among boys were significant. Among girls at both risk group, the odds ratios of smoking, alcohol drinking, and eating breakfast were significant. Conclusions: This study reveals a significant association among internet addiction, and health behaviors, and mental health in Korean adolescents.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1066-1071
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• 2010

자기보고식 설문평가와 컴퓨터 기반 심박변이도(Heart rate variability, HRV) 분석평가를 통해 원예치료가 우울증 환자의 정서개선에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 자기보고식 설문 평가는 정신적 스트레스, 신체적 스트레스, 불안, 우울 등 4가지 평가도구를 사용하였다. HRV 분석평가는 standard deviation of the N-N intervals(SDNN), square root of mean squared difference of successive N-N intervals(RMSSD), total power(TP), low-frequency/high-frequency ratio(LF/HF ratio)의 4개 분석지표를 이용하였다. 동일한 병원 소속 우울증 환자 30명을 대상으로 실험을 수행하였다. 이 가운데 실험군 15명을 대상으로 주 1회씩 12회 원예치료 프로그램을 실시하였고, 대조군에는 실시하지 않았다. 그 결과, 원예치료를 실시 한 실험군의 경우 자기보고식 설문평가는 물론 HRV 분석평가에서도 원예치료 후 우울 정서 개선 효과가 확인되었다. 특히 자기보고식 평가에서는 정신적 스트레스, 불안, 우울 척도에서 통계적으로도 유의한 효과가 나타났으며($p$<0.001), HRV 분석평가의 경우 TP 지표에서 통계적 유의성이 확인되었다($p$<0.05). SDNN, RMSSD, LF/HF ratio 지표 역시 눈에 띄게 호전되었으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 비록 HRV의 모든 분석지표들이 통계적 유의성을 나타내지는 않았지만, 이 연구를 통해 HRV 측정으로 원예치료 효과를 객관화된 수치로 제시할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 주관적 평가와 객관적 평가를 도입한 본 실험 결과 원예치료가 우울증 환자의 심리적, 신체적 재활에 효과적임이 입증되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to determine the appropriate sampling time of the salivary stress markers, chromogranin A (CgA) and cortisol as objective indices of job stress assessment in adult females. Methods : The subjects were 20${\sim}$39-year-old women (13 office workers, 11 sales-service workers, and 11 college students) who were eligible for the study and free of acute and chronic medical conditions. Salivary CgA and cortisol levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Saliva samples were collected (2 $m{\ell}$ each) at 7:00, 8:00, 10:30, 12:00, 17:30, and 22:30 on a typical day. Salivary CgA and cortisol levels, according to sampling time, were compared among the three groups using general linear model. The full version of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), which includes socioeconomic characteristics, health behavior, workrelated characteristics, and BMI, was used to access the subjects' job stress. Multiple regression analysis of the job stressors identified by the KOSS was performed on salivary CgA and cortisol levels. Results : The salivary CgA level peaked at 7:00 (time of awakening), then decreased and were maintained at a low level throughout the day, and increased slightly at 17:30. The salivary cortisol level increased steeply within the 1st hour after awakening, followed by a gradual decrease by 12:00, and was then maintained at a low level throughout the day. The salivary cortisol levels of subjects who worked ${\leq}$5 days per week and graduated from the university were significantly lower at 8:00 (p=0.006). The salivary cortisol levels of non-smokers were significantly lower at 7:00 p=0.040) and 8:00 (p=0.003) compared to smokers. There were no significant differences in salivary CgA and cortisol levels at 10:30 and 12:00 in general characteristics. The regression coefficients on salivary CgA level were significant with interpersonal conflict at 17:30 and job insecurity at 22:30. Regression coefficients on salivary cortisol level were significant with organizational system and total job stressors at 17:30. Conclusions : We suggest that the appropriate sampling times for the salivary stress markers, CgA and cortisol, are at 7:00 (time of awakening), 8:00 (1 hour after awakening), 17:30 (early evening), and 22:30 (before sleep).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.36-39
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• 2011

Objective : To evaluate the efficacy of scalene injection in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome. Methods : We selected 142 patients diagnosed with thoracic outlet syndrome between January 2005 and October 2009. We performed a series of scalene injection with conservative treatment in all cases. Patients rated their pain degrees using a visual analogue scale. We also evaluated the time to return to everyday life and work, and patients' functional capacity. Results : There were no complications or instances of inadvertent somatic or sympathetic ganglionic blockade after scalene injection. Overall, 111 patients (76.5%) experienced improved symptoms after the first set of scalene injection and 128 patients (88.2%) improved after scalene injection followed by conservative treatment. Of the 68 patients who returned to work during the study period, 54 returned within 1 week, and 62 within 2 weeks. Of those who returned to work, 61 reported nearly full functional capacity. We found that scalene injection was more effective in cases of thoracic outlet syndrome related to trauma than in those related to work-related repetitive stress. Conclusion : In patients with thoracic outlet syndrome, scalene injection effectively reduces pain. We recommend scalene injection as an adjunct to conservative treatment.