• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.456-460
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• 2012

This study was carried out as a survey on the level of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in 5 items of agricultural products (lettuce, pumpkin, head lettuce, cabbage and crown daisy) for which safety guidelines are not yet established in Korea. The 407 samples were collected from local markets in 9 regional places and the levels of metals were measured by ICP-MS and mercury analyzer. The average levels of Pb, Cd, As and Hg were 0.026, 0.018, 0.008 and 0.003 mg/kg for lettuce, 0.002, 0.001, 0.001 and 0.0006 mg/kg for pumpkin, 0.002, 0.005, 0.001 and 0.0005 mg/kg for head lettuce, 0.001, 0.002, 0.0002 and 0.0006 mg/kg for cabbage and 0.022, 0.014, 0.006 and 0.004 mg/kg for crown daisy. For risk assessment, the daily dietary exposures of Pb, Cd and Hg by intake of these agricultural products were calculated and compared with PTWI (provisional tolerable weekly intake) established by JECFA. The daily dietary exposure of heavy metals by intake of these agricultural products were 0.13, 0.56 and 0.09% of PTWI, respectively. These monitoring results will be utilized as fundamental data for the establishment of Korean standards of Pb, Cd, As and Hg in 5 items of agricultural products and valuable source for DB construction for science-based safety control of heavy metals in foods including agricultural products.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.413-422
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dietary attitude and health on the stress status of office - workers in Seoul. This research was conducted on 389 office workers (224 males and 165 female). In relation to stress, it was found that the degree of stress as an office workers was ′slight′ and much for 45.2% and 40.6%, respectively, of the study population. Consequently, most office workers were found to be under stress. The amount of food intake under stress was found to be ′reduced′, unchanged and increased in 38.3, 37.0 and 24.7%, respectively, of those surveyed. The preferred foods when under stress were found to be alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, in 57.6% of cases, which was the highest proportion regardless of age, sex, marital status, occupation and educational level. The desired taste when under stress was found to be ′hot′ and sweet in 34.7 and 26.0%, respectively. As to the feeling after food intake, 51.7% responded that food intake was not useful for the relief of stress, which was the highest proportion and many salaried females worried about weight gain. With regard to the relationship between stress, health and nutrition, 69.9% of office workers responded that they thought the relationship of these factors was very high. As for the greatest cause triggering stress, 50.3% responded "due to workplace and job". The best method for relieving stress was to do exercise, with a 30.1 % response, The average score for the degree of stress and tension was 7.2, with 64.0% of office workers having an average level between 6- and 9. The degree of stress was higher for females than males, for unmarried salaried and hot-tempered persons. Those not doing exercise were subject to the highest levels of stress, and those a having sufficient sleep were found to be subject to less stress. Those interested in their health were found to have a good condition and lower levels of stress. In correlation with eating habits, stress, the degree of tension and personality, the F-value was found to be 43.505 (p<0.01), with an explanatory power of 0.294 (29.4%), indicating significant differences. This means that office workers with higher degrees of stress and tension tended to have poorer eating habits. Since bad eating habits have an adverse effect on both the state of physical health and individuals emotional development, for the purpose of correctly managing stress, office workers should make efforts to practice good eating habits.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1103-1109
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• 2002

Mean concentration and daily intake of sorbic acid were estimated through the analysis of food samples obtained from Korea FDA and food sanitation inspection agency during $1999{\sim}2000$. Total number of samples were 14,129, among which the number of detected samples were 2,561 (detection rate was 18.13%). Contribution rate to total estimated daily intake (%) of sorbic acid in the categorized food were the highest in processed fish product. Total estimated daily intake $({\Sigma}EDI)$ for age groups were the highest in $30{\sim}49$ years old and ranged from 3.42 to 9.25 mg/person/day. Estimation of average food intake for each food item per person per day was based on data in national nutrition survey and national food disapperance data in 1998. Total estimated daily intake of sorbic acid was 20.40 mg per body weight of 55 kg. This value was 1.48% of acceptable daily intake evaluated by FAO/WHO and 33.03% of theoretical maximum daily intake.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine any possible differences among adolescents in unmet dental care needs according to their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and oral health status and influential factors on the basis of the fifth national health and nutrition examination survey data. The findings of the study were as follows: Unmet dental care needs were accounted for 19.84 percent. As for the reason, many replied that they couldn't afford to leave school during school hours, and economic factors. As a result of analyzing what affected their unmet dental care needs, this experience was more common in the older age groups than in the 6~12 years age group, and the experience was less common in the respondents with a larger income. As for the subjective oral health status, the experience was 0.61-fold and 0.72-fold less in the respondents who perceived their health as fair or good than who thought their health was poor respectively. And there was a tendency that getting regular dental checkups led to 0.22-fold less experience. Given the above-mentioned findings, the kind of policy that makes dental care services more accessible to youth in consideration of socioeconomic circumstances should be carried out. As many of the adolescents couldn't leave school during school hours, schools should be equipped with dental clinics to improve accessibility to dental care services.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.45-56
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• 2012

Objective : This study was done to investigate the correlation between general quality of life(QOL) and disease specific QOL of tinnitus patients. Methods : 2009 National health and nutrition survey(NHNS) data were employed for analyzing the mean estimates of total population and tinnitus sub-group patients, and predicting the regression equation of mapping between EQ-5D and disease severity. Baseline statistical analyses and normality tests were done by using Student t-test, Chi-square test, Shapiro-Wilk test and ladder test. Hierarchial regression analyses were performed using related variables and predicted the optimal regression equations. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5%. Results : Firstly, the standardized prevalence of tinnitus patient in South Korea was 18.69% and over 90th age-group was relatively higher than other groups. Mean value of domestic QOL measured by EQ-5D was estimated as 0.9486 and QOL of tinnitus subgroup(0.9169) was lower than the non-tinnitus subgroup(0.9559), significantly. Stratified by age and sex, QOLs of all sub-groups with tinnitus were lower than without tinnitus sub-groups significantly. Regression equations from 2009 NHNS data were developed using hierarchial regression analysis which is as follows. $$Y_{EQ-5D}=0.9224-0.0079{\times}T1-0.0261{\times}T2-0.0951{\times}T3+\sum_{i=1}^{n}{\beta}_i{\times}X_i\\{\hspace{95}}(0.0106){\hspace{3}}(0.0037){\hspace{30}}(0.0072){\hspace{30}}(0.0038)$$ ($X_i$=Other explanatory variables except Tinnitus QOL1, 2, 3, ${\beta}$= Regression Coefficient of Model 4) Conclusion : We confirmed the correlation among THI and EQ-5D and HUI-III, and developed the inference for regression equation of EQ-5D.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1029-1044
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• 2021

This research was conducted to investigate the prevalence of depression and convergent factors related to depression in male and female wage workers. Using data from the 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 3,763 adults (1,888 males, 1,875 females) between the ages of 19 and under 65 were analyzed. Depression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the depression (PHQ-9≥10) of all workers was 4.1% (3.2% for men, 5.0% for women). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the depressive factors of male and female wage workers. In male workers, work-related characteristics such as employment type and working hours per week were found to be significantly related to depression even after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, health-related characteristics, and life style characteristics. However, in female workers, work-related characteristics did not expose a significant relationship, showing a difference from male workers. Therefore it is necessary to develop and implement workplace counselling or mental health promotion programs that take into account the gender characteristics of depression risk factors. Also, as health-related characteristics (diagnosis of depression, suicide plan, perceived stress level, unmet medical services, self-rated health status) were found to be related to depression for both male and female workers, continuous management of these factors is required.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2021

Objectives : The characteristics of depressive symptoms in patients with cancer is different from those in control group. However, few research has focused on the association between depressive symptoms in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to compare the network structure of depressive symptoms between patients with cancer and normal control. Methods : This study was based on cohort data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2016-2018. The Patient health Quetionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms in 599 patients with cancer and 599 age-sex matched controls. We estimated network structure of depressive symptom using Isingfit model. Results : There was no significant difference of each PHQ-9 item score. There were strong associations between symptoms were concentration problem-psychomotor activity, anhedonia-depressed mood, and depressed mood-suicidal ideation in both groups. Strength centrality of worthlessness was significantly higher in patients with cancer. Conclusions : These results suggest that worthless is associated with other depressive symptoms more tightly in patients with cancer. Worthless can serve as important treatment targets for intervention of depression in patients with cancer.

• Korean Public Health Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.51-65
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• 2018

Objective : Smoking can increase the risk of secondary conditions for people with disabilities, which can in turn counteract primary disorders and exacerbate existing disorders. More active interventions for smoking cessation are necessary for people with disabilities because the physical condition of people with disabilities is more vulnerable, and risk factors such as smoking, drinking, obesity, and stress can have a decisive influence on people with disabilities compared to non-disabled people. Methods : In this study, the subjects who participated in National Health and Nutrition Survey of 2013 were those aged over 19 and smoker. The final 299 people with disability and 4,260 people without disability were analyzed. Results : Current smoking rate was 21.5% of non-disabled people and 21.4% of disabled people respectively. Factors influencing the current smoking rate of the disabled people were analyzed by type of household, economic status, home ownership, drinking, binge drinking, activity limit. Conclusions : In order to reduce socioeconomic inequalities of smoking and to actively intervene with the disabled, there need a new approach strategy focusing on people with disabilities.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.134-144
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• 2019

Metabolic syndrome and allergic rhinitis are two important chronic diseases that affect people all over the world. Metabolic syndrome very often induces other diseases and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is currently increasing. Aging is known to affect the pathogenesis of various diseases such as metabolic syndrome and allergy. This study examined the effects of metabolic syndrome and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis depending on different age groups and several general characteristics. This study was conducted by using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th-1 (2007~2016). The data used for this study was obtained from 51,854 people. In all age groups, our studies have shown that people without metabolic syndrome have a higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis than those people with metabolic syndrome, and the younger age group had the higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis (P<0.05). Overall, the results of this study found a significant effect on the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in each category of age, general characteristics (physical activity, smoking and drinking) and the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome (P<0.05). The evidence found in this study will help to understand the correlation between metabolic syndrome and allergy, and specifically allergic rhinitis.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Objectives: There are few studies which reflects of each generation's own features, of the New Middle Age and the Elderly's hearing status and their quality of life even though the population of old age has been weighted as baby boom generation's entering into old age. This study is to identify the effects of the new middle age and the elderly's hearing status on their quality of life and to prepare the customized health policies for their health promotion and quality of life improvement as well as the base line data for hearing enhancement programs. Methods: This study was analyzed using the data of the 7th term of the National Health and Nutrition Survey of the Disease Management headquarters. Out of 8,150 adults over the age of 50 who participated in the hearing test, 3,306 were selected and analyzed. Results: At the result of identifying the correlation of hearing status and the quality of life between the New Middle Age and the Elderly, it was confirmed that hearing loss affects low quality of life. The average of quality of life between the New Middle Age and the Elderly was 0.95 and 0.85 each, resulting in higher quality of life in New Middle Age than in the Elderly. The factors affecting the quality of life of the New Middle Age were the level of the education, household income, the type of health insurance, subjective health status. The factors affecting the quality of life of the Elderly were gender, the type of health insurance, subjective health status. Conclusion: Hearing loss of the New Middle Age and the Elderly affects their low quality of life. Therefore the development and the provision of policy program is needed, so as to maintain and manage hearing through age-specific health education. It is expected that the second half of the New Middle Age's life will be much happier, if not taking the treatment-oriented approach of hearing loss only but strengthening the education needed for the maintenance and the management of healthy hearing at their work place, where 50 and 60 generations' workforce has been increased.