• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2000

Objective: In order to investigate the functional brain anatomy associated with verbal and visual working memory, functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Materials and Methods: In ten normal right handed subjects, functional MR images were obtained using a 1.5-T MR scanner and the EPI BOLD technique. An item recognition task was used for stimulation, and during the activation period of the verbal working memory task, consonant letters were used. During the activation period of the visual working memory task, symbols or diagrams were employed instead of letters. For the post-processing of images, the SPM program was used, with the threshold of significance set at p < .001. We assessed activated brain areas during the two stimulation tasks and compared the activated regions between the two tasks. Results: The prefrontal cortex and secondary visual cortex were activated bilaterally by both verbal and visual working memory tasks, and the patterns of activated signals were similar in both tasks. The superior parietal cortex was also activated by both tasks, with lateralization to the left in the verbal task, and bilaterally without lateralization in the visual task. The inferior frontal cortex, inferior parietal cortex and temporal gyrus were activated exclusively by the verbal working memory task, predominantly in the left hemisphere. Conclusion: The prefrontal cortex is activated by two stimulation tasks, and this is related to the function of the central executive. The language areas activated by the verbal working memory task may be a function of the phonological loop. Bilateral prefrontal and superior parietal cortices activated by the visual working memory task may be related to the visual maintenance of objects, representing visual working memory.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.9
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• pp.201-235
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• 2005

This study is designed to contribute for development of Private Security Business by fact-finding in instruction and training of private security guard serviced in this realm and domestic and foreign guard service and modeling effective and rational instruction and training program based on drawn problem. For this study, basically I collected and analyzed documents, theses, and papers of the inside and outside of the country. For practical use of data, I used materials of private security related institutes and police agency. And for private security educating training programs of the inside and outside of the country, I collected materials on internet, and with the help of police agency and interpol. For korean private security company's educating training programs, I made a study with the interview of private security company's businessmen. This study's conclusion is as follows. In a domestic private security enterprise, when set theory instruction minimize instruction and training program and must set up instruction and training program as practical affairs center enemy instruction, and theory instruction must be composed for instruction me that it is connected to practical affairs instruction too. The instruction course of private security guard instruction and training program composed with a security outline, a security plan, an information-gathering, civilian expenses, a security way, terror and terrorism, a related law, security trial, electronic security, a security analysis technique, company introduction, instruction and training program about a professional tube with theory instruction. Practical affairs instruction composed with the selection and a preventive security, close contact attendance security, vehicle security, security driving the security martial arts and self-protection liquor, first aid, security equipment, a gun and shooting, a security protocol, customer satisfaction, facilities security and expenses, a fire fighting instruction, teamwork training, explosive and a dangerous substance, physical strength, a documentation practical affairs, service, instruction and training program about foreigh language instruction.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1977.06a
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• pp.6.1-6
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• 1977

Among the various audiometric test batteries, pure tone and speech audiometry was carried as routine. During the past 20 years, there have been works on speech word list for Korean language. As a preliminary work for standardization of Korean speech word list, the authors are intended to study on the factors of test methods with these proposal speech word lists. Now, authors has studied as followings methods and materials and the results were obtained as followings. A. Materials and Methods a. Word List 1. Paik Chun Kee (Paik) 2. Soh Jin Myoung (Soh) 3. Cynn Kyu Shik (Cynn) 4. Lee Jong Dam (Lee) 5. Hahm Tae Young (Hahm) b. Test Method 1. ascending 2. descending c. Test Material 1. live voice 2. Recorded male voice 3. Recorded female voice B. Results 1. Score of ascending method was better result than descending method. 2. Speech reception threshold and discrimination score were better in recorded female voice, live voice and recorded male voice in that order. 3. Speech reception thresholds among tested word lists were Hahm, Lee, Soh, Cynn and Paik in that order. 4. Discrimination score was highest with Cynn and Lee, Soh, Hahm, Paik in that order.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 1992

For the purpose of better understanding of RAD children, comparisons were performed about the developmental and psychopathological characteristics between RAD and PDD children. Study subjects were the children between the ages 2 and 6. who visitied SNUCH Child and Adolescent Psychiatry OPD or treated in Day Treatment Center during May, 1989 and Sep., 1991, diagnosed by the child psychiatrist as RAD or PDD according to DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria. A total of 40 children were included in the study. 20 were RAD(18 boys, 2 girls). 20 were PDD(20 boys). PEP was performed to all study subjects, by the raters blind to psychiatric diagnosis of each. And analysis was done about the level of developmental functioning score and psychopathological scores between RAD and PDD children. The results are as follows 'There were retardation on the general developmental functioning in RAD children, and the severity of retardation were lined up as perceptual ability>imitation>gross motor>cogitive language>eye-hand coordination>fine motor. Characteristics of psychopathology in RAD children were lined up by severity as language>play>relationship>affection >sensory. Group differences of the two shows on PDD group rejection score was significantly higher on the perception item. while RAD was superior on the perception emerging response. Differences of the psychopathology between two groups were on such areas as ; Affection, which was significantly higher on 'Absent' in RAD, while significantly higher on 'severe' in PDD children. On the interest for the play and materials. sensory and language areas, RAD children were significantly higher ratings on 'Absent' than PDD children.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2000

Purpose: This study was performed to develop the electronic textbook (CD-rom title) about preclinical practice of oral and maxillofacial radiology, using multimedia technology with interactive environment. Materials and Methods: After comparing the three authoring methods of multimedia, i.e. programming language, multimedia authoring tool and web authoring tool, we determined the web authoring tool as an authoring method of our electronic textbook. Intel Pentium II 350 MHz IBM-compatible personal computer with 128 Megabyte RAM, Umax Powerlook flatbed scanner with transparency unit, Olympus Camedia l400L digital camera, ESS 1686 sound card, Sony 8 mm Handycam, PC Vision 97 pro capture board, Namo web editor 3.0, Photoshop 3.0, ThumbNailer, RealPlayer 7 basic and RealProducer G2 were used for creating the text document, diagram, figure, X-ray image, video and sound files. We made use of javascripts for tree menu structure, moving text bar, link button and spread list menu and image map etc. After creating all files and hyperlinking them, we burned out the CD-rom title with all of the above multimedia data, Netscape communicator and plug in program as a prototype. Results and Conclusions : We developed the dental radiology electronic textbook which has 9 chapters and consists of 155 text documents, 26 figures, 150 X-ray image files, 20 video files, 20 sound files and 50 questions with answers. We expect that this CD-rom title can be used at the intranet and internet environments and continuous updates will be performed easily.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of a new implant impression technique using bite impression coping and a dual arch tray. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two implant fixtures were placed on maxillary left second premolar and first molar area in dentoform model. The model with two fixtures was used as the reference. The impression was divided into 2 groups, n=10 each. In group 1, heavy/light body silicone impression was made with pick up impression copings and open tray. In group 2, putty/light body silicone impression was made with bite impression copings and dual arch tray. The reference model and the master casts with implant scan bodies were scanned by a laboratory scanner. Surface tessellation language (STL) datasets from test groups was superimposed with STL dataset of reference model using inspection software. The three-dimensional deviation between the reference model and impression models was calculated and illustrated as a color-map. Data was analyzed by independent samples T-test of variance at ${\alpha}=.05$. RESULTS. The mean 3D implant deviations of pick up impression group (group 1) and dual arch impression group (group 2) were 0.029 mm and 0.034 mm, respectively. The difference in 3D deviations between groups 1 and 2 was not statistically significant (P=.075). CONCLUSION. Within limitations of this study, the accuracy of implant impression using a bite impression coping and dual arch tray is comparable to that of conventional pick-up impression.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.479-486
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• 2008

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play an indispensable role in activation of the myogenic program, which is responsive to mechanical stimulation. Although there is accumulating evidence of mechanical force-mediated cellular responses, the role of MAPK in regulating the myogenic process in myoblasts exposed to cyclic stretch is unclear. Cyclic stretch induced the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts and inhibited their differentiation into myotubes. In particular, it induced persistent phosphorylation of p38 kinase, and decreased the level of phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK). Partial inhibition of p38 phosphorylation increased cellular levels of MyoD and p-ERK in stretched C2C12 cells, along with increased myotube formation. Treatment with $10{\mu}M$ PD98059 prevented myogenin expression in response to a low dose of SB203580 ($3{\mu}M$) in the stretched cells, suggesting that adequate ERK activation is also needed to allow the cells to differentiate into myotubes. These results suggest that cyclic stretch inhibits the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells by activating p38-mediated signaling and inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. We conclude that p38 kinase, not ERK, is the upstream signal transducer regulating cellular responses to mechanical stretch in skeletal muscle cells.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.111-137
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop learning materials and teaching model for the gifted, and to examine the improvement of creativity of them in middle schools. Subjects were 126 gifted students, who were the 7th or 8th graders and have been taught in gifted classes of the adjacent Education Institute for the gifted of Boryeong Education Districts, Chungnam Province Office Of Education. Divisions of gifted Classes were logical reasoning, mathematics, foreign language, science. After the instruction of project-based task, gifted students had improved creativity. Especially, instruction using project-based task was more effective on scientifically gifted students. Most gifted students were satisfied with the instruction using project-based task, and attractive in it. Finally, it was suggested that the instruction using project-based task should be actively used for the gifted students.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.498-504
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• 2014

PURPOSE. Dental implant has gained clinical success over last decade with the major drawback related to osseointegration as properties of metal (Titanium) are different from human bone. Currently implant procedures include endosseous type of dental implants with nanoscale surface characteristics. The objective of this review article is to summarize the role of nanotopography on titanium dental implant surfaces in order to improve osseointegration and various techniques that can generate nanoscale topographic features to titanium implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A systematic electronic search of English language peer reviewed dental literature was performed for articles published between December 1987 to January 2012. Search was conducted in Medline, PubMed and Google scholar supplemented by hand searching of selected journals. 101 articles were assigned to full text analysis. Articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criterion. All articles were screened according to inclusion standard. 39 articles were included in the analysis. RESULTS. Out of 39 studies, seven studies demonstrated that bone implant contact increases with increase in surface roughness. Five studies showed comparative evaluation of techniques producing microtopography and nanotopography. Eight studies concluded that osteoblasts preferably adhere to nano structure as compared to smooth surface. Six studies illustrated that nanotopography modify implant surface and their properties. Thirteen studies described techniques to produce nano roughness. CONCLUSION. Modification of dental osseous implants at nanoscale level produced by various techniques can alter biological responses that may improve osseointegration and dental implant procedures.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.2
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• pp.161-192
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• 2000

Body has been high-lightened as one of the most important theme since the philosophy and the arts are focused on it in the late 20th century. It would be of worth to study the characteristics of contemporary fiber-art works, especially done by Abakanowiz who has been regarded as a dominant pioneer in the contemporary fiber-arts from the viewpoint of inter-grade of the physicals and the mental. This paper, therefore, deals with the Abaknowiz' works in the context of human body and body-signs. Life and works might be classified into 5 stages: first, learning period since her birth in 1930, second, creation period of Abakans, third, remodelling period of Abakans, fourth, composition and dissolution period of Abakans and the last and fifth, new transformation period of Abakans. 'Abakans' through her whole life as an artist have been a plastic language and based ultimately on external human body but in various materials and forms. Abakan as a human-sign uses the past experiences and the texts of the other world in mixed and overlapped forms. Life-size Abakans by Abaknowiz can be easily understood as Abakanowiz herself and her Polish ancestor at the same time. The neuter Abakans with mashed face and obscure body is a expressive figure of coexisting world with opposite concepts like war and ideology, anxiety and freedom, man and woman, and etc. Human body as body-sign is an extensive image has existed since our forefathers and overlapped with the inter textual and the popular images. 'Abakans' that is our world and inner-self at the same time might be a window through which she tries to show what the world is.