• Title/Summary/Keyword: Korean Journal of Plant Protection

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Molecular Characterization of a Novel Putative Partitivirus Infecting Cytospora sacchari, a Plant Pathogenic Fungus

  • Peyambari, Mahtab;Habibi, Mina Koohi;Fotouhifar, Khalil-Berdi;Dizadji, Akbar;Roossinck, Marilyn J.
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.151-158
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    • 2014
  • Three double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), approximately 1.85, 1.65 and 1.27 kb in size, were detected in an isolate of Cytospora sacchari from Iran. Partial nucleotide sequence revealed a 1,284 bp segment containing one ORF that potentially encodes a 405 aa protein. This protein contains conserved motifs related to RNA dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) that showed similarity to RdRps of partitiviruses. The results indicate that these dsRNAs represent a novel Partitivirus that we tentatively designate Cytospora sacchari partitivirus (CsPV). Treatment of the fungal strain by cyclohexamide and also hyphal tip culture had no effect on removing the putative virus. Phylogenetic analysis of putative RdRp of CsPV and other partitiviruses places CsPV as a member of the genus Partitivirus in the family Partitiviridae, and clustering with Aspergillus ochraceous virus 1.

Ascospore Infection and Colletotrichum Species Causing Glomerella Leaf Spot of Apple in Uruguay

  • Alaniz, Sandra;Cuozzo, Vanessa;Martinez, Valentina;Stadnik, Marciel J.;Mondino, Pedro
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.100-111
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    • 2019
  • Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a destructive disease of apple restricted to a few regions worldwide. The distribution and evolution of GLS symptoms were observed for two years in Uruguay. The recurrent ascopore production on leaves and the widespread randomized distribution of symptoms throughout trees and orchard, suggest that ascospores play an important role in the disease dispersion. The ability of ascospores to produce typical GLS symptom was demonstrated by artificial inoculation. Colletotrichum strains causing GLS did not result in rot development, despite remaining alive in fruit lesions. Based on phylogenetic analysis of actin, ${\beta}$-tubulin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene regions of 46 isolates, 25 from fruits and 21 from leaves, C. karstii was identified for the first time causing GLS in Uruguay and C. fructicola was found to be the most frequent (89%) and aggressive species. The higher aggressiveness of C. fructicola and its ability on to produce abundant fertile perithecia could help to explain the predominance of this species in the field.

Diseases Severity, Genetic Variation, and Pathogenicity of Ceratocystis Wilt on Lansium domesticum in South Sumatra, Indonesia

  • Muslim, Ahmad;Pratama, Rahmat;Suwandi, Suwandi;Hamidson, Harman
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.131-145
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    • 2022
  • Ceratocystis wilt disease has caused significant mortality in duku (Lansium domesticum) since 2014 and has now spread to all districts in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Recently, 16 isolates from duku representing populations from various districts in South Sumatra were isolated. Analysis for the morphological characteristic of the isolate showed that the population has a uniform morphology. Genetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin sequences verified that the population has being dominated by the ITS5 haplotype of Ceratocystis fimbriata and a new ITS group, the ITS7b haplotype that was localized in Musi Banyuasin. Both haplotypes were highly pathogenic to duku. Inoculation tests on various forest and agroforestry plant hosts showed that both haplotypes were highly pathogenic to Acacia mangium, moderately pathogenic to Acacia carsicarpa, Eucalyptus urophylla, and Melaleuca cajuputi, but weakly pathogenic to Dyera costulata, Hevea brasiliensis, and Alstonia scholaris. Therefore, this pathogen becomes a serious threat to Indonesia's biodiversity due to its ability to infect forest and agroforestry plants, especially the indigenous ones.

Use of Serological-Based Assay for the Detection of Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus

  • Hidayat, Sri Hendrastuti;Haryadi, Dedek;Nurhayati, Endang
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.328-332
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    • 2009
  • Diseases caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl virus infection is considered to be emerging plant diseases in Indonesia in the last five years. One key factor for disease management is the availability of accurate detection of the virus in plants. Polyclonal antibody for Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus-Bogor (PYLCIV-Bgr) was produced for detection of the virus using I-ELISA and DIBA methods. The antibody was able to detect PYLCIV-Bgr from infected plants up to dilution 1/16,384 and cross reaction was not observed with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV). Positive reaction was readily detected in membrane containing Begomovirus samples from Yogyakarta (Kaliurang and Kulonprogo) and West Java (Bogor and Segunung). Infection of PYLCIV-Bgr in chillipepper, tomato, and Ageratum conyzoides was also confirmed using polyclonal antibody for PYLCIV-Bgr in DIBA. Polyclonal antibody for PYLCIV-Bgr is suggested to be included in disease management approach due to its good detection level.

Optimization of Redundancy by using Genetic Algorithm for Reliability of Plant Protection Controller (플랜트 보호 제어기의 신뢰도분석과 유전알고리듬을 이용한 다중성의 최적화)

  • Yu, Dong-Wan;Kim, Dong-Hun;Park, Hui-Yun;Gu, In-Su;Seo, Bo-Hyeok
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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    • v.49 no.9
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    • pp.504-511
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    • 2000
  • The reliability of system is to become a important concern in developed industry. The controller based on the reliability is so important position. PPC(Plant Protection Controller) is for plant protection and human life by fault detection and control action against the transient condition of plant. The protection system of the nuclear reactor and chemical reactor are representative of PPC. This paper presents analysis of PPC relaibility formal problem statement of optimal redundancy based on the reliability for PPC. And the problem is optimized by genetic algorithm, The genetic algorithms is useful algorithm in case of large searching complex gradient existence local minimum. The genetic algorithms is useful algorithm is case of large searching complex gradient existence local minimum. The ability and effectiveness of the proposed optimization is demonstrated by the target reliability of one channel. PPC. using the failure rate based on the MIL-HDBK-217

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History of the Korean Society of Applied Entomology for its First Fifty Years (한국응용곤충학회의 첫 50년 역사)

  • Boo, Kyung-Saeng
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.171-190
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    • 2012
  • The Korean Society of Applied Entomology (KSAE) celebrates its First 50 years history this year, 2011. It began in the year 1962, as the Korean Society of Plant Protection (KSPP) to discuss all aspects of plant protection including entomology and plant pathology. At that time it was one of the earliest scientific ones among agricultural societies in Korea. Before liberation from the Japanese colonial rule there were a few scientific societies for Japanese scientists only in the Korean Peninsula. It seemed that there was a single exception, in medical field, formed by and operated for Korean ethnics. Right after the liberation, Korean scientists rushed to form new scientific societies in the fields of mechanical engineering, architecture, textile, internal medicine, biology, etc. in 1945, mathematics, chemistry, metallurgy, etc. in 1946, and so on. But agricultural scientists had to wait for more time before setting up their own scientific society, Korean Agricultural Society(韓國農學會), comprising all agricultural subfields, in 1954. They had annual meetings and published their own journal every year until 1962. Then those working in the plant protection field established their own KSPP, right after their section meeting in 1962. At that time the total number of participants for KSPP were only around 50. KSPP scientists were interested in plant pathology, agricultural chemicals, weed science, or bioclimate, besides entomology. They had annual meetings once or twice a year until 1987 and published their own journal, Korean Journal of Plant Protection (KJPP), once a year at the earlier years but soon gradually increasing the frequency to four times a year later. Articles on entomology and plant pathology occupied about 40% each, but the number of oral or posters were a little bit higher on plant pathology than entomology, with the rest on nematology, agricultural chemicals, or soil microarthropods. There also had a number of symposia and special lectures. The presidentship lasted for two years and most of president served only one term, except for the first two. The current president should be $28^{th}$. In the year 1988, KSPP had to be transformed into the applied entomology society, Korean Society of Applied Entomology (KSAE), because most of plant pathologists participating left the society to set up their own one, Korean Society of Plant Pathology in 1984. Since that time the Society concentrates on entomology, basic and applied, with some notes on nematology, acarology, soil microarthropods, agricultural chemicals, etc. The Society has been hosting annual meetings at least twice a year with special lectures and symposia, from time to time, on various topics. It also hosted international symposia including binational scientific meetings twice with two different Japanese (applied entomology in 2003 and acarology in 2009) societies and the Asia-Pacific Congress of Entomology in 2005. The regular society meeting of this year, 2011, turns out to be the 43rd and this autumn non-regular meeting would be the 42nd. It has been publishing two different scientific journals, Korean Journal of Applied Entomology (KJAE) since 1988 and the Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology (JAPE) since 1998. Both journals are published 4 times a year, with articles written in Korean or English in the first, but those in English only in the latter with cooperation from the Taiwan Entomological Society and the Malaysian Plant Protection Society since 2008. It is now enlisted as one of those SCI(science citation index) extended. The highest number of topics discussed at their annual meetings was on ecology, behavior, and host resistance. But at the annual meetings jointly with the Korean Society of Entomology, members were more interested in basic aspects, instead of applied aspects, such as physiology and molecular biology fields. Among those societies related to entomology and plant protection, plant pathology, pesticide, and applied entomology societies are almost similar in membership, but entomology and plant pathology societies are publishing more number of articles than any others. The Society is running beautifully, but there are a few points to be made for further improvement. First, the articles or posters should be correctly categorized on the journals or proceedings. It may be a good idea to ask members to give their own version of correct category for their submissions, either oral or poster or written publication. The category should be classified detailed as much as possible (one kind of example would be systematics, morphology, evolution, ecology, behavior, host preference or resistance, physiology, anatomy, chemical ecology, molecular biology, pathology, chemical control, insecticides, insecticide resistance, biocontrol, biorational control, natural enemies, agricultural pest, forest pest, medical pest, etc.) and such scheme should be given to members beforehand. The members should give one or two, first and second, choices when submitting, if they want. Then the categories might be combined or grouped during editing for optimal arrangement for journals or proceedings. Secondly the journals should carry complete content of the particular year and author index at the last issue of that year. I would also like to have other information, such as awards and awardees in handy way. I could not find any document for listing awards. Such information or article categorization may be assigned to one of the vice presidents. I would rather strongly recommend that the society should give more time and energy on archive management to keep better and more correct history records.

Lucerne transient streak virus; a Recently Detected Virus Infecting Alfafa (Medicago sativa) in Central Saudi Arabia

  • Raza, Ahmed;Al-Shahwan, Ibrahim M.;Abdalla, Omer A.;Al-Saleh, Mohammed A.;Amer, Mahmoud A.
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2017
  • A survey was conducted to determine the status of Lucerne transient streak virus (LTSV) in three high-yielding alfalfa regions in central Saudi Arabia (Riyadh, Qassim, and Hail) during 2014. Three hundred and eight symptomatic alfalfa, and seven Sonchus oleraceus samples were collected. DAS-ELISA indicated that 59 of these samples were positive to LTSV. Two isolates of LTSV from each region were selected for molecular studies. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of LTSV in the selected samples using a specific primer pair. Percentage identity and homology tree comparisons revealed that all Saudi isolates were more closely related to each other but also closely related to the Canadian isolate-JQ782213 (97.1-97.6%) and the New Zealand isolate-U31286 (95.8-97.1%). Comparing Saudi isolates of LTSV with ten other sobemoviruses based on the coat protein gene sequences confirmed the distant relationship between them. Eleven out of fourteen plant species used in host range study were positive to LTSV. This is the first time to document that Trifolium alexandrinum, Nicotiana occidentalis, Chenopodium glaucum, and Lathyrus sativus are new host plant species for LTSV and that N. occidentalis being a good propagative host for it.