• 한국동물학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.89-127
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• 1965

1. This report is on the outcome of observation made up the breeding process of Narcissus flycatcher, Muscicapa narcissina zanthopygia, using 15 ness-boxes at Seoul and Kwang Nung Experimental forest in 1964, and the relevant feeding habit was studied by the collar method of wrapping the necks of thenestlings for 50-60 minutes or more in some cases from 1963 to 1964. 2. The Narcissus flycatcheris a common summer resident throughout Korea arriving at the end of April. The earliest data of arrival of this species in Seoul, is April 26, 1964. They migrate southward from the later part of September to early part of October. 3. In a week after their arrival , they start to build nest after a brief courtship. Male and female prepare their nest ina nestboxes in 4 or 5 days. Nests are usually found in the moss, which provide definite frame-work. The inner side of the nest is usually composed of roots of Gramineae or leaves of pine, oak or other broad leave tree. 4. The laying period is generally from the later part of April to the middle of June : and the number of eggs laid is from 3 to 8 , therefore 5 in average : eggs are pink with traces of milky yellow blending of light auburn and orange red spots and chicken-egg-like in shape. 5.The incubation takes place for 7-12 days from the middle part of May to the middle of June, in the order of male and female . The hatching rate tends to increase in proportion to clutch size. 6. The feeding period usually lasts 15 days in average from the early part of June to the middle of July and the feeding urge tends to increase in proportion to brood size. 7. The animals invading into their nest-boxes are red ants, chipmunks, bees , barkbeetles and philippine red-tailed shirkes, etc. 8. On the basis of analysis covering 714 birds in 31 nests, the food they consumed during the nesting period of nestlings were mostly of animal matters composing of : insect larvae form-39. 88% insect adult form 36.26%, insect pupae-0.19%, spider-17.75% and other animal matters 5.92% , Besides a small amount of plant pieces were found . As to the insect larvae, Lepidoptera was the largest in the content followed by Hymenoptera , Orthoptera and Coleoptera. As to the insect adult, Diptera was the largest in the content followed by Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. In view of forest protection, noxious insect was of 69.38%, useful insect 4.39%, and spider 17.75%. 9. The rich assortment of its food, the ability of acquiring various insect (adults as well as larvae), its destruction of great numbers of harmful insects , and its quick assimilation artificial nesting with the nest-boxes of 2.5-3cm entrance hole employed, allow us to conclude that the flycatcher may be successfully employed in the elimination of fores pests. The above results are only that part obtained near Seoul in the middle of Korea, however, if we would extend the scheme to other broad areas using similar techniques, the nest-boxes could not only be well used by the birds, but also it would help to prevent the increase of harmful. insects.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.205-240
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• 1992

In reality, it is a green revolution of the entire agricultural matrix in Korea that integrated pest control plays an important role in the possible breakthrough in rice self-sufficiency. In paddy agroecosystem as man-modified environment, rice is newly established every year by transplantation under diverse water regimes which affect a microclimate. Standing water benefits rice by regulating the microclimate, but it favors the multiplication of certain pets through the amelioration of the microclimate. Further, the introduction of high yielding varieties with the changing of cultural practices results in changing occurrence pattern of certain pests. In general, japonica type varieties lack genes resistant to most of the important pests and insect-borne virus diseases, whereas indica type possesses more genes conferring varietal resistance. Thus, this differences among indica type, form the background of different approaches to pest management. The changes in rice cultivation such as double cropping, growing high-yielding varieties requiring heavy fertilization, earlier transplanting, intensvie-spacing transplanting, and intensive pesticide use as a consequence of the adoption of improves rice production technology, have intensified the pest problems rather than reduced them. The cultivation of resistant varieties are highly effective to the pest, their long term stability is threathened because of the development of new biotypes which can detroy these varieties. So far, three biotypes of N. lugens are reported in Korea. Since each resistant variety is expected to maintain several years the sequential release of another new variety with a different gene at intervals is practised as a gene rotation program. Another approach, breeding multilines that have more than two genes for resistance in a variety are successfully demonstrated. The average annual rice losses during the last 15 years of 1977-’91 are 9.3% due to insect pests without chemical control undertaken, wehreas there is a average 2.4% despite farmers’insecticide application at the same period. In other words, the average annual losses are prvented by 6.9% when chemical control is properly employed. However, the continuous use of a same group of insecticides is followed by the development of pest resistance. Resistant development of C. suppressalis, L. striatellus and N. cincticeps is observed to organophosphorous insecticides by the mid-1960s, and to carbamates by the early 1970s in various parts of the country. Thus, it is apparent that a scheduled chemical control for rice production systems becomes uneconomical and that a reduction in energy input without impairing the rice yield, is necessarily improved through the implementation of integrated pest management systems. Nationwide pest forecasting system conducted by the government organization is a unique network of investigation for purpose of making pest control timely in terms of economic thresholds. A wise plant protection is expected to establish pest management systems in appropriate integration of resistant varieties, biological agents, cultural practices and other measures in harmony with minimizing use of chemical applications as a last weapon relying on economic thresholds.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.510-515
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• 2018

황미찰은 2014년 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 개발한 단교잡종 찰옥수수로 이삭의 색깔은 노란색이며 자식계통 KY30을 종자친으로 하고 KY9를 화분친으로 한다. 황미찰의 출사일수는 일미찰(표준품종)과 유사하였고 이삭길이는 18.4 cm, 이삭직경은 4.3 cm로 일미찰보다 작았으며 착립장률은 89%로 일미찰보다 낮은 수준이었다. 아밀로펙틴함량은 90.9%로 일미찰과 유의한 차이가 없었고 과피두께와 백립중, 립장, 립폭 등 알곡의 특성 또한 일미찰과 유사하였으며 카로티노이드 함량은 $32.2{\mu}g/g$로 일미찰보다 높았다. 황미찰의 내병충성은 일미찰과 유사하였으며 내도복성은 일미찰보다 우수하였다. 황미찰의 단위면적당이삭수는 일미찰보다 많았고 이삭중은 낮았으며 채종시험결과 종자친과 화분친간 개화기는 잘 일치하였고 모 부본 재식비율을 3:1에서 가장 높은 채종량을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.248-257
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• 2015

This research focused on the natural durability of twenty one lesser known tropical wood species planted in West Java, Indonesia against subterranean termite (Coptotermes curvignathus). It was observed that both heartwood and sapwood of Kiara payung (Filicium decipiens); heartwoods of Nangka (Arthocarpus heterophyllus), Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) and Simpur (Dillenia grandifolia); and sapwood of Bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa) were rated as resistant (natural durability class II) according to Indonesian standard SNI 01.7207.2006 (BSN 2006). Both heartwood and sapwood of Salam (Syzigium polyanthum), Pasang (Lithocarpus sundaicus), Bisbul (Diospyros discolor), Rukam (Flacourtia rukam) and Trembesi (Samanea saman); heartwood of Puspa (Schima walichii), Bungur, Tanjung (Mimusops elangi) and Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) were rated as moderately resistant (natural durability class III). Both heartwood and sapwood of Sungkai (Peronema canescens), Pine (Pinus merkusii), Mangium (Acacia mangium) and Afrika (Maesopsis eminii); sapwoods of Mahoni, Puspa and Tanjung were rated as poorly resistant (natural durability class IV). Both heartwood and sapwood of Agathis (Agathis dammara), Durian (Durio zibethinus), Ki sampang (Evodia latifolia) and Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba); sapwoods of Nangka and Angsana were rated as very poorly resistant (natural durability class V). This reserach showed that woods with lower resistance against C. curvignathus attack (natural durability class IV and V) tend to have lower termite mortality values compared to woods with higher resistance against C. curvignathus attack (natural durability class II and III). Results of the study will provide some valuable information on termite resistance of twenty one lesser known tropical wood species planted in Indonesia.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2020

This study was conducted at the National Institute of Animal Science from 2010 to 2017. As a variety that is sufficiently productive in the southern regions to replace imported varieties and sufficiently cold-resistant to be cultivated in the central-northern regions, "IR605" was developed and submitted to the Korea Seed & Variety Service in an application for protection. The novel Italian ryegrass variety "IR605" is a diploid with green leaves, a semi-erect growth habit before wintering, and an erect growth habit in the spring. "IR605" was a medium maturing variety with a heading date of around May 15th. "IR605" had a flag leaf width of 9.9 mm, flag leaf length of 26.7 cm, and plant length on the heading date of 100 cm, which was approximately 5 cm longer than "Kowinearly." The stem thickness and ear length of "IR605" are 0.08 mm thicker and 0.5 cm longer than those of "Kowinearly", respectively. The cold-resistance of "IR605" was weaker than that of "Kowinearly", but strong enough to be cultivated in Pyeongchang, Gangwon province. The dry matter yield of "IR605" (9,308 kg/hectare) was 20% higher than that of "Kowinearly", which was further pronounced in the southern region of Haenam, where there was a 52% increased (p < 0.05). The in vitro dry matter digestibility of "IR605" was 68.4% at which was slightly higher than that of "Kowinearly", The total digestible nutrients was 58.5%, which was slightly lower than "Kowinearly". Overall, the feed quality characteristics of "IR605" were similar to those of "Kowinearly".

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2006

최근 들어서 생물학적 제어 방법의 하나로써 키틴분해 미생물을 이용한 제어 수단이 식물병제어에 일정한 효과가 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. Fusarium 시들음병을 억제하기 위하여 40kg의 키틴퇴비를 면적이 $7.5m^2$ 인 토양에 정식 7일전 처리하였으며 토마토가 시들음병 증세를 보이기 시작하는 날(정식 후 66일)로부터 시작하여 4번에 걸쳐 시료를 채취하였다. 키틴퇴비 처리구(CTC)의 근권토양의 키틴효소와 ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan 효소 활성은 일반퇴비 처리구 (CC) 토양 보다 항상 높은 값을 나타냈다. 그러나 식물체 뿌리에서 측정된 chitinase, ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase과 같은 병 관련 효소들은 CNC에서 실험기간동안 증가 추이를 보였다. 실험의 마지막 단계인 정식 후 96일째에는 CTC의 토마토는 CC 와 비교 할 때 25% 낮은 치사율을 나타냈다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.7-20
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• 2004

This study was executed to find out how to improve the planting and use of landscaping plants in Chuncheon. The number of street trees was 17,877 in 2003. The major species of street trees were Ginkgo biloba(52.7％), Prunus sargentii(15.3％), Zelkova serrata(8.9％), Platanus occidentalis(7.3％). Salix babylonica and Platanus occidentalis were decreased, while Prunus sargentii and Zelkova serrata were increased. Salix babylonica is a good species for a lakeside city, but its seeds cause allergies to some people. Most of the trees have been removed in Chuncheon. The planting of Salix babylonica(♂) resulted in no problems, and it should be propagated to plant. The soil of several areas was analysed to investigate soil conditions. The outskirts of city had good conditions in pH, organic matter and minerals, but the downtown areas had high alkalic, due to alkali from footpath concrete blocks. Appropriate pruning adds to the aesthetic and prolongs the useful life; it also requires less managing of insects and diseases to maintain good healthy of street trees. Street trees were not properly pruned due to electric lines and shortage of pruning information. The pruning was controlled by Korea Electric Power Co, which has no pruning information. Pruning must be maintained by a professional landscape company to maintain good shape such as with Bonsai. The Shrubs planting zone between street trees and other trees, and preservation plates were established for healthy of street trees. They have to be repaired and maintained well to keep better environmental conditions. The number of tree and flower species of 68 schools in Chuncheon were 12 and 16, respectively. The species that showed high preference were Juniperus chinensis, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus densiflora, Rosa centifolia, Forsythia koreana, and Rhododendron schlippenbachii. The high frequency of the protection trees designated by Chuncheon were Pinus densiflora, Ginko biloba, Zelkova serrata, Quercus species. It was thought that the diversification of street tree species, the selection of street trees suitable to each space, the generalization of use of native species, the appropriate pruning and proper fertilization, the control of pests and diseases, and the opinions of citizens concerning landscape plants were needed to improve the planting, use and maintenance of landscaping plants in Chuncheon.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.244-251
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• 1990

담배거세미나방 핵다각체병바이러스에 섭식촉진물질, 다각체 침전방지제 및 전착물질과 자외선 차단제를 첨가하여 만든 3종의 바이러스 살충제를 담배거세미나방 유충에 먹여 제제별로 살충 효과를 비교하였다. 바이러스 살충제에 설탕농도 1-5% 첨가로 섭식촉진이 증대되어 살충효과가 높았으며, 바이러스의 불활화 차단효과도 있었다. 살충제 제형에 따른 바이러스 침전방지는 polyvinylalcohoI 0.5%, 식물체 전착성은 Triton X -100 0.1 %에서 효과가 좋았다. 자외선차단제의 양은 white carbon은 100 L 당 800 g, molasses는 30%첨가에서 바이러스의 불활화가 감소되었으며 white carbon-molasses 혼합제는 white carbon 500 g, molasses 10%의 비율에서는 살충효과가 약간 감소하였으나 세 제제 모두 살포 3일후 95%이상의 살충율을 보였다. White carbon 체제는 molasses 제제보다 다각체 포매가 뚜렷하여 잔류효과가 증대되었으나 유충의 섭식은 molasses제제에서 촉진되었다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2022

본 연구는 문화재 수리에서 조경분야의 독자성을 확보하고 업역을 정립하기 위한 기준이 되는 조경수리 공종 분류 제시를 목적으로 하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 현재 문화재수리 표준시방서는 식재공사 중심으로 조경수리 공종을 명시하였고 품셈은 조경분야를 포함하지 않고 있다. 다만 건설산업의 조경공사 시방서와 품셈을 준용하도록 하여 문화재 수리에서 조경수리 공종이 구체적으로 무엇인지 알기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 실제 시행된 문화재수리 사업의 내용을 토대로 조경수리 공종을 파악하였다. 과거 1961년부터 1980년에는 수목식재뿐만 아니라 다양한 조경시설도 조경수리로 명시되었고 이 공종들 모두 현재 건설산업의 조경공사 공종으로도 정립되었음을 확인하였다. 또한, 2018년부터 2020년의 3년간 문화재를 대상으로 한 실시설계용역 입찰공고서에 명시된 공종 중 건축물보수 및 단청, 식물보호, 보존처리 분야 공종을 제외하고 종합한 결과 총 20개의 공종이 확인되었다. 20개 공종 모두 건설산업의 조경공사 공종에 해당하였다. 따라서 조경수리 공종은 건설산업 조경공사 공종 분류를 토대로 하되 문화재 공간의 특수성을 고려하여 부지조성 및 대지조형, 식재공사, 시설물공사, 포장공사, 생태조경공사, 식생유지관리의 총 6개로 분류하였다. 국내 산업의 한 분야로 조경이 정착해가던 시기에 이미 다양한 조경시설도 건축분야 수리가 아닌 조경수리로 시행되었으므로 이 시설을 모두 포함하여 조경수리 공종이 문화재 시방서에 구체적으로 명시되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2016

본 시험은 휴면 정도 및 탄소 함량이 사과나무의 과대지 내동성에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 실시하였다. 시험재료는 M.26과 M.9에 접목된 성목기 '후지' 사과나무의 과대지였다. 과대지의 휴면 정도는 자발휴면기(1월말), 자발휴면 타파 초기(2월초), 자발휴면 타파 후기(2월말), 발아기(3월말) 및 개화기(4월말)로 구분 하였다. 저온처리 범위는 $0^{\circ}C$부터 $-40^{\circ}C$ 사이였다. 탄소 함량의 차이에 따른 내동성은 갈색무늬병에 의해 낙엽이 심하게 발생한 '후지'/M.9 사과나무(낙엽구)와 과다결실에 의해 평균 신초장이 20cm 이하였던 '후지'/M.9 사과나무(수세가 약한 시험구)를 대상으로 조사하였다. 결과를 살펴보면, 과대지의 내동성은 자발휴면 타파 후에 약해졌다. M.9와 M.26에 접목된 '후지' 사과나무 과대지의 탄소 함량의 차이는 없었으며, M.9과 M.26 대목에 접목한 사과나무 과대지의 내동성 차이는 없었다. 건전구에 비해 낙엽구의 과대지는 C/N율이 낮았고, 수세가 약한 시험구는 탄소 함량이 낮았다. 이러한 결과에 의해 낙엽구와 수세가 약한 시험구의 내동성은 건전구보다 약하였다.