• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 2018

The occupational safety and health act defines how to evaluate the explosion hazardous areas according to KS (Korean Industrial Standards). Current KS have to follow IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) 60079-10-1 1st edition and there has been no change since 2008. And its 2nd edition has been revised in 2015. In this study, IEC 1st Ed. (IEC 60079-10-1 1st edition) is compared with IEC 2nd edition. Total 112 case studies including four materials (methane, propane, benzene, methanol) are selected to test and explosion hazardous ranges evaluated by IEC 1st and 2nd Ed. are analyzed according to various leakage pressures and hole sizes. In order to verify the results calculated by them, PHAST, which is one of the most representative consequence analysis programs, is employed. As a result, it can be concluded that there are many differences between IEC 1st and 2nd Ed. due to the discharge and the ventilation parameters. As comparing with PHAST, it is confirmed that IEC 1st provides more conservative values than PHAST. Even if IEC 2nd Ed. provides more conservative for gases, this fails to provide more conservative values for liquids. Therefore, it is worth to note that a large value between the explosion hazardous ranges value calculated by the IEC 1st Ed. and 2nd Ed. should be selected until further investigation and analysis is made. Morevover, the full consideration for IEC 2nd Ed. have to be needed.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 1998

The biodegradabilities of surfactants were measured for shampoos and powder detergents for clothing(six kinds of each) in domestic market at present. Also the phosphates that cause of eutrophication and heavy metals to have a direct effect on human body were measured. Analysis results show that though they all come up to KS(Korean Industrial Standards), samples containing plenty of sodium ${\alpha}$-olefin sulfonate(AOS), linear alkyl benzene sulfonate(LAS) and synthetic sodium lauryl etoxylate sulfonate (SLES) have the lower biodegradability than the others. It was found that these samples were petroleum surfactants, and the lower biodegradability than surfactants extracted naturally. The contents of phosphates and heavy metals in the samples were under the regulation limits for the cosmetic standards.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2014

Insulation of rooftop is one of the major performance to energy-saving construction. Further, waterproofing performance is also important. For such a reason, it is need to develop waterproofing method containing thermal insulation property. This study was wanted to evaluate thermal insulation performance about the composite waterproofing method of thermal supplement type that is developed recently. As a result of waterproofing performance test, every test item was showed over the performance standards of KS (Korean (Industrial) Standards). And the result of thermal insulation performance test, the highest temperature in the styrofoam box was $25.91^{\circ}C$, the bubble sheet box was $17.28^{\circ}C$, the insulation sheet box was $15.47^{\circ}C$ and the waterproofing sheet box of thermal supplement type was $24.11^{\circ}C$. In observations of thermal bridges of sheet's joint, thermal bridges was not identified at the sheet's joint. As a result, composite waterproofing method of thermal supplement type is interpreted to have thermal insulation performance.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.141-151
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• 2022

Wireless earphones are products that are consumed together with smart devices (mobile phones, etc), and there is no twisting and convenience compared to general earphones. However, due to the lack of information on the quality of wireless earphones, consumers tend to purchase products based on brand awareness, and manufacturers deliver information to consumers based on different standards for each product due to the lack of standards for measurement methods for quality evaluation. In particular, the playback time of wireless earphones is a factor that can directly affect consumers' purchases, so it is necessary to prepare a standardized test method to properly measure it. This paper introduces the current status of wireless earphones and related standard trends, and proposes a method for measuring the audio playback time of wireless earphones developed through this. In addition, this measurement method will be proposed as an international standard (IEC) after being established as the national standard, the Korean Industrial Standard (KS).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.457-465
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• 2021

This study analyzed the reality and problems of the defense standard classification system. This paper proposes a plan to perform standard management tasks efficiently through case analysis of domestic and foreign standard classification systems. To continuously solve the problem of military product quality in defense technical data, it is necessary to promptly reflect the civilian's excellent technology and benchmark the civilian standard system to manage high-quality defense standards. First, to analyze the reality, the NATO classification system was analyzed through the private KS of domestic and ICS codes, the US defense standard system of overseas. In the case of the Korean military, the reality of the defense standard classification system was grasped through the National Defense Standards Comprehensive System operated by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration. The classification of the ministry of defense's weapon system and force support system is the most suitable classification system for the Korean military, which is classified into eight weapon systems and six force support standard systems for all steps. Specifically, it was classified into 12 major categories, 66 categories, and 352 sub-categories. In this study, the establishment of the defense standard management system can improve the classification system of new defense standards by reflecting the superior technology of the private sector.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.654-660
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• 2011

This paper dealt with a design guide of LED luminaires to replace the surface and watertight fluorescent lamp (FL) fixtures for naval vessels. Several standards such as Korean Industrial Standard (KS), Korea Defence Standard (KDS) and US Military Standard (MIL) were compared in terms of safety and performance of lighting fixtures. The electrical and optical characteristics like power consumption, total luminous flux, and illumination distribution of the FL fixtures were experimentally analyzed to acquire design rules for LED luminaires. Based on the results, four types of LED luminaires were fabricated, and we proposed a design guide of LED luminaires for naval vessels which save power consumption of 44~51 [%] and increase total luminous flux of 8~13 [%].

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2020

Bribery is one of the world's most destructive and challenging issues. Yet despite efforts on national and international levels to tackle bribery, it remains a significant issue. Recognizing this, ISO has developed a new standard to help organizations fight bribery and promote an ethical business culture, which is "ISO 37001 - Anti-bribery Management Systems" in 2016. ISO 37001 can provide the tools and systems to greatly reduce the risk and help organizations deal with it effectively if it does arise. It is a flexible tool, which can be adapted according to the size and nature of the organization and the bribery risk it faces. After enforcing the Improper Solicitation and Graft Act, Korean government standardized ISO 37001, one of the Business Ethics of Global Standard, harmonizing International Standards into Korean Industrial Standards (KS) in 2017. It is meaningful in that Korean companies have localized regulation which applies to global standard anti-bribery management systems. Only about 100 organizations, however, have adopted ISO 37001 so far. The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the expectation and awareness of ISO 37001. Results show that still many organizations lack of awareness of ISO 37001 and it is implicated that much promotion and education will be necessary. This study has originality and value in that it can provide the guidelines for activation of ISO 37001.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.126-127
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• 2020

Recently, as interest in environmental issues increases, minimizing carbon dioxide generated during cement manufacturing is a problem to be solved. In order to solve such a problem, it is required to use an industrial by-product of recycled aggregate, blast furnace slag, and circulating fluidized bed boiler fly ash to replace it on the basis of geopolymer(=cementless). This study examines the characteristics of eco-friendly artificial stone according to the mixing ratio of geopolymer-based recycled aggregate. As a result of the experiment, when the addition rate of the alkali stimulant was 15% and the mixing ratio of the circulating aggregate was 70%, the flexural strength and compressive strength were the highest. Density and water absorption decreased as density of circulating aggregates increased and water absorption increased. However, when the mixing ratio of the circulating aggregate exceeded 70%, the flexural strength and compressive strength decreased. Therefore, in order to obtain strengths meeting the KS standards, the mixing ratio of recycled aggregate was set to 70%, and artificial stone was manufactured using industrial by-products.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.276-281
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• 2023

Water pipes manufactured using existing Portland cement suffer from the problem of rapid deterioration and reduced durability due to the hydration product of cement being vulnerable to acids. Therefore, in this study, water pipes were manufactured using slag and fly ash, which are industrial by-products from various industries, and their characteristics were analyzed. As a result of the experiment, slump in unhardened concrete tended to increase due to the ball bearing action of fly ash, and the amount of air was reduced due to unburned coal, indicating that measures for frost resistance were needed. In addition, the initial strength of the compressive strength was increased through steam curing, and the results were equal to or better than OPC when mixing more than 50 % of slag. The acid resistance results showed that the mass reduction rate was less than 5 %, showing excellent durability performance, and the bending failure load of the water pipe also exceeded the KS standards, so it is judged to be commercializable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.182-182
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• 2011

This paper dealt with a design guide of LED luminaire standard for naval vessels. Several standards such as Korean Industrial Standard (KS), Korea Defence Standard (KDS) and US Military Standard (MIL) were compared in terms of safety and performance of lighting fixtures. The electrical and optical characteristics of the FL fixtures were experimentally analyzed to acquire design rules for LED luminaires. Based on the study results, we proposed the concept of a LED luminaire standard.