• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.331-343
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to observe the trends of heart age of Koreans by using the predictor of heart age of the Framingham Heart Study. The subjects were 20,012 adults aged 30~74 years who were enrolled in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005~2013. They filled in the determinants data and they had no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The heart age was calculated using a non-laboratory based model of prediction. The difference of heart age and chronological age, and the rate of excessive heart age over 10 years were calculated. The annual trend, the difference according to gender, the age bracket and geographic region, the heart age were all evaluated. Data analysis performed using the SAS program (version 9.3). Complex designed analysis was done. The heart age showed differences according to gender, age bracket and geographic region. The heart age is a useful comprehensive indicator for predicting the CVD events in the near future. So, it could be used for the purposes of exercising caution and guidance on CVD for administering medical care. It is strongly recommended to use heart age as an indicator for customized medical management to focus efforts on relatively vulnerable subjects and their factors for CVD. Further study on Koreans' customized heart age is needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.1310-1314
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• 2008

Purpose : This study aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in children from low-income families in Gunpo and to evaluate whether economic status affects the prevalence of obesity. Methods : Between October 2007 and March 2008, 341 children (167 girls and 174 boys; age, 6 to 13 years) were enrolled in this study. All these children came from families who earned minimum wages and who were supported by government. We measured height, weight, and blood pressure and performed laboratory examinations, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using weight and height. We compared the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in children from low-income families with the prevalence of these maladies found in other studies. Results : Prevalence of obesity ($BMI{\geq}95^{th}$) was 7.1%. Prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia was 8.2% and 16.7%, respectively. In the obese group, prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia was 25.0% and 45.8%, respectively. Obesity and hyperlipidemia were slightly more frequent in our study than those found in other reports, and the prevalence of hypertension in the obese group was very high compared with statistics from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (25% vs. 19.5%) and those from other reports. Conclusion : Low-income status was associated with an increased incidence of obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Hypertension showed an especially strong association with economic status, which seemed to correlate with genetic, environmental, and dietary effects.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1989

Cooking practice is keenly related to not only the betterment of family health but to the improvement of dietary life. Cooking is a kind of practical skill and one is skill in it by repeated practice. The aim of cooking practice in school is to fix cooking method practically and scientifically, to acquire cooking skill. To achieve this aim there are many unrecognized or unsolved problems in the first-line schools. The problems and efficient ways of cooking practice in the middle and high school are as follows； 1. The aim of cooking practice： It should be first of all remembered that the practice is so practical that the knowledge and skill of cooking should be related to the future domestic life. Second, the practice should be able to serve the communal and national life by scientifying and improving life. 2. The content of the practice： First, it should be so arranged step by step that the content of each year should not be repeated. Second, the ratio of Korean cooking practice should be increased and the material of the practice should be chosen in consideration of the peculiarity of the community, seasons and economical problems so that it may be applied to the very day life. Third, to improve dietary life, the practice should be a way of the simplification of dietary life, of the nutritional efficiency. Forth, for the betterment of physical condition of the family the practice should involve balanced dietary plans and dietary therapy. 3. Teaching method： First, the practice should be scientific and comprehensive in consideration of not only cooking skills but also knowledge of nutrition. Second, micro-class system should be adopted, and practice labor should be allotted each student to develop cooperative attitude and the sense of responsibility. Third, in addition to the practice conducted in a body, comparative cooking, applicable cooking and experimental ability and the content of the text. Fourth, teachers should let the students examine and find problems by bringing them to a focus on the basis of theory. 4. Administration method： First, the practice schedule should be planned that a class has practices at least more than twice a semester. Second, two hours of class should be continued without cessation after beforehand survey and theory study. Third, facilities and utensils for practice should be enlarged. That is, cooking practice rooms, tools, utensils should be prepared. Fourth, enough cost of practice should be secured. The above mentioned points show the present situation and problems with which cooking practice teaching is confronted. In order to normalize cooking practice teaching, the first-line schools should give the above mentioned problems their careful consideration and improve the present situation so that efficient, creative, practical cooking practice will be possible.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Consumers are very concerned about food safety as the risk with food increased. This study was conducted to evaluate the perceptions and practices of consumers on food safety in order to collect some information for the development of consumer education program. Total 500 consumers were asked to answer for survey constituted with 6 questions of generic information, 4 of food safety perceptions and 8 of food safety practices from June to July, 2006. More than half of respondents (51.8%) were unsatisfied with the food safety management of government while the individual practices on food safety were satisfactory. Especially, most respondents (98.7%) checked the expiration date of food when they purchased and 97% of respondents were washed hands before food preparation. The higher food safety perception, the better food safety practices of consumers. These results suggest that the systematic and continuous educations on food safety hazards and the principles of sanitation management are necessary for safe food handling and perception on food safety.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.68-86
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• 1976

The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the correct nutritional status on pre-school children in Korea. Furthermore, it made an attempt to find and define nutrional problems, and assist in establishment on their nutritional improvement plan. For this, food intake and health condition (physical, clinical, biochemical and parasitological) survey on 109 Pre-school children in both sexes, randomly selected from Yang-Gu area in Gang-Won province and Rea-ju area in Kyong-gy Province, were conducted by means of three-day records, during the two periods of Spring and Fall season in 1975. The results obtained are summerized as follows: 1. The food intake; Average food intake of the subjects per day were $508{\sim}647g$ ($83{\sim}91%$ in vegetable foods and $5.5{\sim}11.7%$ in animal foods) in Yang-gu area, and $587{\sim}698g$ ($88{\sim}89%$ in vegetable foods and $6.3{\sim}7.6%$ in animal foods) in Rea-ju area. 2. The intake of energy and nutrients; a) Calory intake. Average energy intake of subjects per day in Yang-gu area$(1120{\sim}1415kcal)$ were all lower than the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in either Spring and Fall survey, whereas the subjects in Rea-ju area were lower intake $(1213{\sim}1418kcal)$ than the RDA in the Spring but higher intake$(1516{\sim}1755kcal)$ than the RDA in the Fall, and the average intake were similar level with that of RDA. b) Protein intake. Average protein intake of the subjects per day in Yang-gu area $(33{\sim}43g)$ girl subjects in Rea-ju area $(35{\sim}39g)$ were lower than the RDA in either Spring and Fall survey, whereas the boy subjects in Rea-ju area$(36{\sim}38g)$ were lower in Spring and higher $(49{\sim}57g)$ in the Fall than that of the RDA, but the average $(43{\sim}47g)$ were similar level with the RDA. The protein intake from animal sources in all subjects were much lower $(5.5{\sim}11.7\;of\;total\;protein)$ than the RDA. c) Fat intake. Average fat intake were very lower in all subjects of both area $(14{\sim}24g\;in\;Yang-gu,\;10{\sim}12g\;in\;Rea-ju)$ than that of RDA which is recommended $12{\sim}14%$ of total energy to be supplied from fat. d) Calcium intake. Average calcium intake were very low in all subjects of both area $(264{\sim}355mg\;in\;Yang-gu\;and\;283{\sim}429mg\;in\;Rea-ju)$, especially, these in Spring were about a half level of the RDA, and it was much increased in the Fall due to increased intake of milk, but it was still not enough than the RDA. e) Vitamin A intake. Average intake of V.A ($703{\sim}1465\;IU$ in Ynag-gu and $750{\sim}1521\;IU$ in Rea-ju) were also lower than the RDA, moreover their V-A sources were mainly vegetable, so that the V-A supply might be critical one for the subjected. f) Riboflavin intake. Average riboflavin intake on all subjects in both area except boys in Rea-ju area in Fall, were very lower than the RDA. 3. The physical status; a) Average weight and height of boys aged 4 and 5 in Yang-gu area and girls of aged 5 in Rea-ju area were lower than those of Korean Standard of 1967 report, but those by age of girls in Yang-gu area and boys in Rea-ju area were a little heigher than the Korean Standard. It is, hower, present Korean standard of physical status might be somehow heigher than the 1967, since the socio-economical situation has been much improved during past a decade. So that, if one considered on this sense, the physical status of the subjects on this survey might be somehow lower than those of present Korean standard. b) Average upper arm circumference in both area were no difference each other, and their mean values of age 4, 5 and 6 in boy and girl were 15.6, 16.5, 16.4 and 15.5, 16.5, 16.4cm respectively. c) Average chest girth of boys were similar to those of Korean standard whereas the girls were smaller than the Korea standard. The average head circumference also showed similar tendency with the chest girth. 4. The clinical findings; The most popular clinical signs were angular stomatitis and dental caries, and boys had more heigher incidence then the girls. 5. The biochemical findings; a) Hemoglobin and anemia Average Hb value of boys and girls were 11.4 and 10.9g per 100 ml of blood respectively. The incidence of anemia (Hb value below 11 g/100 ml, by WHO) was increased by age, and girls had more heigher incidence than the boy (34% : 48%). The incidence of anemia in age of 4,5, and 6 in boys and girls were 28%, 41% 34%, and 33%, 50%, 49% respectively. The degree of the anemia was not severe, and the anemia of there subjects may be caused mainly low intake of better quality protein and low iron intake as well. b) Hematocrit. Average Ht value of whole subject were $39.9{\sim}41.6%$. c) Blood plasma protein. Average blood plasma protein contents of whole subjects were $6.6{\sim}7.4gm$ per 100 ml. The incidence of deficient range (<6.0g%, by ICNND) was only one girl of age 4 in yang Gu area. 6. Parasitological findgs; The most popular parasitism were asicris lumbicoides and trichocephalus trichiura, and about 2/3 of the whole subjects were suffering one or more of these parasitism.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.815-824
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• 2013

Traditional Pearson chi-squared test is not appropriate for the data collected by the complex sample design. When one uses the traditional Pearson chi-squared test to the complex sample categorical data, it may give wrong test results, and the error may occur not only due to the biased variance estimators but also due to the biased point estimators of cell proportions. In this study, the design based consistent Wald test statistics was derived for k-population homogeneity test, and the traditional Pearson chi-squared test statistics was partitioned into three parts according to the causes of error; the error due to the bias of variance estimator, the error due to the bias of cell proportion estimator, and the unseparated error due to the both bias of variance estimator and bias of cell proportion estimator. An analysis was conducted for empirical results of the relative size of each error component to the Pearson chi-squared test statistics. The second year data from the fourth Korean national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES, IV-2) was used for the analysis. The empirical results show that the relative size of error from the bias of variance estimator was relatively larger than the size of error from the bias of cell proportion estimator, but its degrees were different variable by variable.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.389-397
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and related risk factors of problem drinking in the Korean adult population. Participants (n=7,867) aged 19 years or older were selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [KNHANES] of 2007-2008. Sociodemographic characteristics and AUDIT score were obtained from the KNHANES dataset. AUDIT scores were categorized into three groups, including low risk, intermediate risk, and high-risk alcohol drinking according to WHO guidelines. In this study, the prevalence of high-risk and intermediate-risk alcohol drinking were 12.2% and 21.0%, respectively. Adjusted mean AUDIT score was higher in men, younger individuals, as well as those with lower education levels and those that smoked. Results revealed that demographic variables, including sex, age, education level, and smoking, were important factors affected high-risk drinking. In particular, since smoking was the most significant risk factor, the adjusted odds ratio for high-risk drinking among participants that smoked was 4.78 [(95% confidence interval (CI)=3.75-6.10, p<.0001)]. This study suggests that men, younger age, low educational level, and smoking are the risk factors for a high-risk alcohol drinking.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2011

In this study, formaldehyde in various fisheries products was previously derivatized with acetylacetone and subsequently analyzed by using HPLC-PDA. The formaldehyde contents ranged from 0.07 to 73.74 mg/kg. The compound was significantly higher in both mollusks (0.34-12.38 mg/kg) and crustaceans (0.09-73.74 mg/kg) than in fish (0.07-3.35 mg/kg) and shellfish (0.50-3.90 mg/kg). This difference was due to storage time and temperature. In general, fish and shellfish are sold live or in refrigerated form with shorter a shelf-life, but mollusks and crustaceans are distributed in cold or frozen systems with a longer shelf-life. Using food intake data from a report of the National Health and Nutrition Survey, the daily human exposure level to formaldehyde was 0.58% of the ADI. The results from this study might provide fundamental information to confirm naturally-originating or fraudulent formaldehyde treatment in fisheries products.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.779-784
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• 2013

This study aims to look into the relationship between the parents's family history of diabetes and factors of metabolic syndrome focusing on Korean adult males with a family history of diabetes. The data used for the study was collected from the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects of the study totaled 2,045. For statistical analysis, double sampling general linear regression was used and the statistical significance was p<0.05. As a result of a multi-variate analysis with general characteristics corrected, the following was discovered: when fathers had a family history of diabetes, girth increased by 2.5cm, fasting blood sugar(glu) increased by 9.6mg/dL and neutral fat increased by 41.6mg/dL When the mothers had a family history of diabetes, girth increased by 2.4cm, fasting blood sugar(glu) increased by 15.4mg/dL, and the neutral fat increased by 27.2mg/dL. In conclusion, when the fathers had a family history of diabetes, their children's girth, fasting blood sugar and neutral fat were significantly higher, and when the mothers had a family history of diabetes, their children's girth and fasting blood sugar were significantly higher.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.190-196
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• 2018

Obesity has been reported to be a cluster of risk factors in the pathological ecology, In particular, there is increasing evidence that inflammation-related factors are associated with diabetes. This study examined the relationship between the hs-CRP level and FBG, fructosamine, and $HbA_1c$ in 4,734 non-diabetic adults aged 20 years or older, who were approved by the National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2015. The results showed that the FBG, fructosamine, and $HbA_1c$ levels increased with increasing BMI; the hs-CRP levels were the highest in the obese group, and HOMA-IR, an index of insulin resistance, was also significantly higher in the obese group. The hs-CRP level was the highest in obese adults. The levels of FBG, fructosamine. and $HbA_1c$, which are involved in blood glucose control, increased with increasing hs-CRP level. The FBG, fructosamine, and $HbA_1c$ levels increased significantly with increasing hs-CRP level after adjusting for various related variables. These results suggest that the obesity-induced increase in hs-CRP is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus in non-diabetic adults. Therefore, proper dietary habits and regular exercise should prevent diabetes by preventing obesity in non-diabetic adults.