• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.312-317
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• 2015

Seafarers can confront to evacuate from the ship with many reasons such as collision, grounding and fire accident. It believes that evacuation time from ship is very important element in order to increase survival rate in the contingency circumstance, however narrow and complex structure of ship is one of obstacle element against prompt evacuation. Taking into consideration the unique structure of ship compared to the structure of other facilities, speed of fire propagation on board ship is faster than the same size of other type facilities. Therefore, measures to prompt evacuation are required. But it comes with the behavioral constraints of the crews and passengers of the nature of operating in a complex structure with narrow vessels. Therefore, in this study, we propose a formula to be analyzed by theoretical approach and simulation methods to improve the survival rate for the crew and passenger of the ship through the ship's structural modification. We analyzed the temperature rise and visibility which are the most influential effects on the life safety in the event of fire by using a three-dimensional analysis of sight-only program Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) as analytical tools.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 1985

With the serial observation data of the Fisheries Research and Development Agency in Korea and Japan Meteorological Agency from 1969 to 1974, the geostrophic current and volume transport were calculated in the Korea Strait and in the middle of the East Sea (Japan Sea), in order to compare the total volume transport in summer and winter seasons. The results are as follows. The annual mean of the net volume transport of the Korea Strait is 0.19${\times}$10$\^$6/m$\^$3/sec in winter season and 1.33${\times}$10$\^$6/m$\^$3/sec in summer season. The transport through the western and eastern channel of the Korea Srait is almost same in winter season, but the transport of the western channel is much larger than that of the eastern channel in summer season. The annual mean of the net volume transport of the middle section of the East Sea (Japan Sea) is 2.61${\times}$10$\^$6/m$\^$3/sec in winter season and 2.41${\times}$10$\^$6/m$\^$3/sec in summer season. Therefore the transorts are almost same in both seasons. Comparing the transports of the two sections, the transport through the middle section of the East Sea is 13.7 times as large as that of the Korea Strait in winter season and 1.8 times in summer season.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2007

This study was performed to identity non hemolytic streptococcus from cultured flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) with Streptococcosis in the Jeju island. The result of BIOLOGTM test was Streptococcus uberis that simility of 0.5 and 98% identified in MicroLogTM system (Release 4.05). Carbohydrate utility pattern was dextrin, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, arbutin, maltose, maltotriose, D-cellobiose, D-fructose, D-mannose, α-D-glucose, D-mannitol, β-methyl D-glucoside, salicin, sucrose, D-trehalose, pruvatic acid methyl ester, mono-methyl succinate, glycerol. In addition hemolysis test for S. parauberis and were S. iniae hemolysis in BAP (Blood agar plate). Antibiotic test for S. parauberis were Ampicillin, Amoxicillin and Fluoroquinolone sensitivity. Mutiplex PCR assay were detected S. pauberis (718 bp), S. iniae (870 bp) L. garviae (1,100 bp). Dectected S. parauberis (718 bp) were result of 16S rRNA sequence identified with S. parauberis (Gene bank accession number X89967). All isolated S. parauberis that with bouned by one group. The result were S. pauberis that γ-hemolytic chain form cocci and negative reaction of catalase, Multiplex PCR assay were 718 bp amplicon size.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2005

Germ cell development during oogenesis, ovarian maturation and first sexual maturity in female Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated by cytological and histological observations. R. philippinarum is dioecious. During vitellogenesis, the Golgi complex, glycogen particles, and mitochondria were involved in the formation of lipid droplets and lipid granules in the cytoplasm of the early vitellogenic oocyte. In the late vitellogenic oocyte, cortical granules, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria were involved in the formation of proteid yolk granules in the cytoplasm. At this time, exogenous lipid granular substance and glycogen particles in the germinal epithelium passed into the oocyte through the microvilli of the vitelline envelope. The spawning period was once a year between early June and early October, and the main spawning occurred between July and August when seawater temperature was approximately $20^{\circ}C$. The reproductive cycle of this species can be categorized into five successive stages: early active stage(January to March), late active stage(Februaryto May), ripe stage(April to August), partially spawned stage(May to October), and spent/inactive stage (August to February). Percentages of female clams at first sexual maturity of $15.1{\sim}20.0mm$ in shell length were 52.6%(50% of the rate of group maturity was 17.83mm in length), and 100% for the clams >25.1mm.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2005

The effects of various physicochemical stimuli in parturition induction were assayed on ovoviviparous freshwater melania snails, Semisulcospira libertina libertina and S. gottschei. Both of them did not respond to $NH_4OH$ and $H_2O_2$, but showed responses to the water temperature raising, serotonin and acetylcholine. S. gottschei showed stronger responses to the stimulants in parturition induction compared with S. libertina libertina. In case of S. libertina libertina exposed to $10^{-9}M$ acetylcholine, the number of newly born larvae and juveniles per adult and juvenile parturition rate were 68 individuals and 57.5%, which were the most among experimental groups, respectively. In the parturition induction with temperature raising of $9^{\circ}C$, S. gottschei bred 113 larvae and juveniles in which juvenile parturition rate was 56.3% and $10^{-12}M$ acetylcholine also induced very high juvenile parturition rate(61.7%) and 83 larvae and juveniles. It could be concluded that the treatment of acetylcholine has a high effectiveness in the parturition induction of S. libertina libertina and S. gottschei.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.374-380
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• 2006

In this study, glucose, sucrose, and dextrin were found to be better carbon sources for the production of pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulans HP-2001. Maximal production of pullulan with 200 g/l sucrose as a carbon source was 54.2 g/l. The highest yield of pullulan from sucrose was 0.40, when the sugar concentration was 100 g/1. Optimal conditions for the continuous production of pullulan by A. pullulans HP-2001 in a 7-1 bioreactor were determined by studying the effects of composition of feed solution, dilution rate, and concentration of sucrose in the feed solution. Pullulan concentration and productivity with 100 g/l glucose and 2.5 g/l yeast extract were 38.1 g/l and 0.53 g/l h for 72 h, respectively, in a batch culture of A. pullulans HP-2001. When the substituted medium contained 100 g/l sucrose, 2.5 g/l yeast extract, and mineral salts, which is the same composition as the medium for the production of pullulan, the pullulan concentration and productivity were 74.9 g/l and 0.55 g/l h for 120 h, respectively. The production of pullulan at the steady state increased with a dilution rate up to 0.015/h, and its concentration was 78.4 g/l with a weight average molecular weight ($M_w$) of $4.0{\times}10^5$. Unlike a batch culture, however, the decline of the $M_w$ and the number average molecular weight ($M_n$) of pullulan was not found in the continuous culture of A. pullulans HP-2001. When the concentration of sucrose in the feed solution was 200 g/l, 113.5 g/l of pullulan was obtained at the steady state. The steady state was maintained longer in the continuous culture fed with the feed solution containing 200 g/l sucrose than when fed with the feed solutions containing either 100 or 150 g/l sucrose.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.535-539
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• 2016

The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus parauberis (Sp), Streptococcus iniae (Si), and Edwardsiella tarda (Et) in flounder fish farms in Jeju Island and their management by gallium treatment was studied. Sp, Si, and Et were found to exhibit a low rate of cell growth and high biofilm formation. Hence, in the present study, cell growth and biofilm formation were measured spectrophotometrically 72 h after the addition of different concentrations of gallium (2, 4, or 8 mg/ml). In addition, cell death was measured by resazurin and propidium iodide staining assays. The results showed that bacterial cell death increased and biofilm formation decreased with an increasing concentration of gallium. Hence, the present study signifies that the use of gallium against bacterial pathogens could be useful for disease management in flounder farms.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.442-451
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Sargassum miyabei Yendo ethanol extract (SMYEE) using RAW 264.7 cells and croton oil-induced Balb/c mice. SMYEE inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, and $IL-1{\beta}$] and nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response. In addition, SMYEE suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear factor-kappa B. Further, SMYEE inhibited the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as extra cellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. In ear edema test, edema formation in the SMYEE treatment was lower than that in the positive control and was similar to that in the prednisolone treatment group. Photomicrographs of mice ear tissue showed a reduction in dermal thickness and number of infiltrated mast cells. Therefore, our results indicate that SMYEE exerts an anti-inflammatory effect via inhibition of nuclear factor ${NF}-{\kappa}B$ and MAPK activation and can be used as a natural source of anti-inflammatory compounds.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.479-487
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• 2016

Recently, various marine algae have been considered as a natural resource for anti-inflammation. In this research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of Ulva pertusa Kjellman ethanol extract (UPKEE). This study showed that UPKEE inhibited the secretion of cytokines including IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and $IL-1{\beta}$, and reduced the expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as iNOS and COX-2. In the formation of mouse ear edema test, three doses (10, 50, 250 mg/kg body weight) of UPKEE showed inhibitory activity after inducing inflammation using croton oil. In conclusion, we found that UPKEE showed an inhibitory effect on $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPKs, and reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. This result suggests that UPKEE can be used as a natural anti-inflammatory resource in food industry.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.451-455
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• 1994

To detect naturally occurring bioactive compounds from unused marine resources, the screening for the 5-lipoxygenase(potato lipoxygenase-II) inhibitors in Asterina pectinifera, Halocynthia roretzi skin, Nototodarus sloani ink, Anthocidaris crassispina skin, Sargassum horneri, Agarum cribrosum, Odonthalia corymbifera and Desmarestia ligulata was carried out. Water, ether, acetone and methanol fractions extracted from Sargassum horneri had strong inhibitory effect on enzymatic lipid oxidation by potato lipoxygenase-II, and their $IC_{50}$ were 320, 18, 9.5 and $100\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ of ether fraction extracted from Asterina pectinifera and acetone fraction extracted from Nototodarus sloani ink were 29.5 and $34.3\;{\mu}g/mL$, and these extracts showed relatively excellent inhibitory activity. Nonpolar solvent (ether, acetone) extracts of tested marine organisms had more inhibitory effect against 5-lipoxygenase than the polar solvent(water) extracts.