• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.519-546
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• 2004

On June 27, 2002 Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA) launched dot-ca domain name dispute resolution service through BCICAC and Resolution Canada, Inc. The Domain name Dispute Resolution Policy (CDRP) of CIRA is basically modelled after Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy(UDRP), while the substance of CDRP is slightly modified to meet the need of Canadian domain name regime and its legal system. Firstly, this article examined CIRA's domain name dispute resolution policy in general. It is obvious that the domain name dispute resolution proceeding is non-binding arbitration to which arbitration law does not apply. However it still belongs to the arbitration and far from the usual mediation process. Domain name arbitrators render decision rather than assist disputing parties themselves reach to agreement. In this respect the domain name arbitration is similar to arbitration or litigation rather than mediation. Secondly it explored how the panels applied the substantive standards in domain name arbitration. There is some criticism that panelists interprets the test of "confusingly similar" in conflicting manner. As a result critics assert that courts' judicial review is necessary to reduce the conflicting interpretation on the test of substantive standards stipulated in paragraph 3 of CDRP. Finally, it analysed the court's position on domain name arbitral award. Canadian courts do not seem to establish a explicit standard for judicial review over it yet. However, in Black v. Molson case Ontario Superior Court applied the UDRP rules in examining the WIPO panel's decision, while US courts often apply domestic patent law and ACPA(Anticyber -squatting Consumer's Protection Act) to review domain name arbitration decision rather than UDRP rules. In conclusion this article suggests that courts should restrict their judicial review on domain name administrative panel's decision at best. This will lead to facilitating the use of ADR in domain name dispute resolution and reducing the burden of courts' dockets.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제15권
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• pp.169-209
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• 2001

As a domain name can be registered simply by filing an application for registration, disputes over the domain name between the holder of domain name and the holder of trademark increased. Since the holder of trademark who was late for registering domain name is willing to pay for the return of domain name, cybersquatters increased. Cybersqatters are not genuine users of the Internet. This article is to compare the construction of law by American Courts and by Korean Courts and to assert the creation of the law similar to the law of US as to anti-cybersqatting. American Courts applied the Trademark Act and the Anti-Dilution Act to resolve the disputes over domain name. To apply the Trademark Act, the Court required the plaintiffs to prove that the goods or the services expressed by the domain name should be identical or similar to the goods or the services represented by the trademark. However, there were many cases where the holder of domain name used it for the goods or the services irrelevant to those of the holder of trademark. Also, the Anti-Dilution Act could not successfully protect the holder of trademark from cybersquatters because it required that the trademark should be famous or distinctive. As a result, the US promulgated a new law which is designed to prohibit cybersquatters from being free of sanction by the existing laws. Korea Courts applied the Trademark Act and the Unfair Competition Prohibition Act to the cases disputing domain name. Likewise in the US, Korean Courts must cope with the issue of identity of the goods or the services, and the famousness or distinctiveness of trademark. The Courts hesitate to give a winning judgement to the holder of trademark simply because the domain name of alleged violator confused the trademark. Some scholars advocate the broadening of construction of the Unfair Competition Prohibition Act to illegalize cybersquatting but it is beyond the meaning of the law. Accordingly, it is a time to make a law similar to the Anti-Cybersquatting Act of the US. The law must be a fair and reasonable compromise to resolve the collision between system of registration of domain name and the system of registration of trademark. Some commentators advocate that the registration of domain name should be examined just as the one of trademark and to facilitate it, the Patent and Trademark Office should have jurisdiction of registration of domain name. But it abandons the distinction of domain name and trademark and results in obstructing e-commerce. By adopting the Anti-Cybersqatting Act, we can prohibit it. In other cases, we get a reasonable adjustment between the holder of domain name and the holder of trademark through the Trademark Act and the Unfair Competition Prohibition Act.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.167-187
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• 2007

As Korea has reached a free trade agreement with the United States of America, it is required to provide an appropriate procedure to ".kr" domain name disputes based on the principles established in the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy(UDRP). Currently, Internet address Dispute Resolution Committee(IDRC) established under Article 16 of the Act on Internet Address Resources provides the dispute resolution proceedings to resolve ".kr" domain name disputes. While the IDRC's proceeding is similar to the UDRP administrative proceeding in procedural aspects, the Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy that is established by the IDRC and that applies to disputes involving ".kr" domain names is very different from the UDRP for generic Top Level Domain (gTLD) in substantial aspects. Under the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement(KORUS FTA), it is expected that either the Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy to be amended to adopt the UDRP or the IDRC to examine the Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy in order to harmonize it with the principles established in the UDRP. It is a common practice of cybersquatters to warehouse a number of domain names without any active use of these domain names after their registration. The Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy provides that the complainant may request to transfer or delete the registration of the disputed domain name if the registrant registered, holds or uses the disputed domain name in bad faith. This provision lifts the complainant's burden of proof to show the respondent's bad faith because the complainant is only required to prove one of the three bad faiths which are registration in bad faith, holding in bad faith, or use in bad faith. The aforementioned resolution procedure is different from the UDRP regime which requires the complainant, in compliance with paragraph 4(b) of the UDRP, to prove that the disputed domain name has been registered in bad faith and is being used in bad faith. Therefore, the complainant carries heavy burden of proof under the UDRP. The IDRC should deny the complaint if the respondent has legitimate rights or interests in the domain names. Under the UDRP, the complainant must show that the respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. The UDRP sets out three illustrative circumstances, any one of which if proved by the respondent, shall be evidence of the respondent's rights to or legitimate interests in the domain name. As the Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy provides only a general provision regarding the respondent's legitimate rights or interests, the respondent can be placed in a very week foundation to be protected under the Policy. It is therefore recommended for the IDRC to adopt the three UDRP circumstances to guide how the respondent can demonstrate his/her legitimate rights or interests in the disputed domain name. In accordance with the KORUS FTA, the Korean Government is required to provide online publication to a reliable and accurate database of contact information concerning domain name registrants. Cybersquatters often provide inaccurate contact information or willfully conceal their identity to avoid objection by trademark owners. It may cause unnecessary and unwarranted delay of the administrative proceedings. The respondent may loss the opportunity to assert his/her rights or legitimate interests in the domain name due to inability to submit the response effectively and timely. The respondent could breach a registration agreement with a registrar which requires the registrant to submit and update accurate contact information. The respondent who is reluctant to disclose his/her contact information on the Internet citing for privacy rights and protection. This is however debatable as the respondent may use the proxy registration service provided by the registrar to protect the respondent's privacy.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 하계종합학술대회논문집
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• pp.301-304
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• 1998

Now, the world is faced with radical changing in the new rvolution which is followed by speading and utilization of internet. The domain names which are currently used on the internet are unique throgh out the world. Therefore, U.S government positively intervenes in the management of the internet domain name for the effective implementation. The thesis descrbes research of the korean domain name system which allows us to use korea character into current internet domain name system and implements the architecture of the korean domain name system by analysis the structure and behavior of domain name server.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권7호
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• pp.1855-1862
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• 1998

인터넷 사용자는 호스트 접속을 위하여 DNS로부터 IP주소를 획득한다. 그러나 국내의 사용자는 익숙하지 않은 영문어순의 도메인을 사용하여야 한다. 기존 시스템의 어순은 한국어와는 반대이므로 인터넷 보편화에 장애가 되고 있다. 따라서 국내 사용자에게 적합한 한글 도메인 네임 시스템의 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 본 논문의 한글 도메인 시스템에서는 기존의 도메인 네임 시스템과 함께 운영하기 위하여, 영문으로의 변환 규칙과 한글 도메인 네임의 작성 규칙을 세웠다. 또 한글어순의 처리를 위하여 STROP을 설계하였다. STROP은 SLDF가 국문 SLD을 영문 SLD로 변환하며, 이를 NFDNG가 영문 어순으로 만들게 된다. 본 논문에서 제안한 한글 도메인 네임 시스템을 사용한다면 도메인 명의 함축된 의미를 사용자가 쉽게 파악할 수 있게 되고, 영문 전자로 인하여 발생하는 도메인 등록의 불만을 해소할 수 있으리라 기대된다. 그 결과 인터넷 보편화에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.1013-1032
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• 2000

At present, the scale of Electronic Commerce through internet has been rapidly increasing due to the development of information & communication technology, and aggregated to 2.4 billion dollar in America last year (1998). The market scale of worldwide electronic commerce is also presumed to be about 130 billion dollar in 2000, and to occupy more than 20% of the whole world trade in world 2020. Since the right of trademark, despite of being effective only in registered nations on the principle of territorialism, is unified on the cyber space of internet without domestic barrier or local limitation which make it easier to conduct the distribution of information rapidly through the address-internet domain name, those are very important that the systematic dispute-solving plan on problems such as decision of its Act and international jurisdiction to be established, in an effort to prevent the newly emerging dispute instances such as trademark infringement and improper competitiveness. In addition, it is natural that on the threshold of the electronic commerce age which formed with an unified area without the worldwide specific regulation, each country including us makes haste with the enactment of "electronic commerce Act" aiming at coming into force in 1999, in keeping with getting through "non-tariff law on electronic commerce" by U. S. parliament on May, 1998. In view of the properties of electronic commerce transactions through internet, there are the large curtailment of distributive channel, surmounting of restrictions on transaction area, space and time and the easy feedback with consumer and the cheap-required capital, from which the problems may arise - registration of trademark, the trademark infringement of domain name and the protection of prestigious trademark. Therefore, it is necessary to take the counter-measure, with a view of reviewing the infringement of trademark and domain name and the instances of each national precedent and to preventing the disputes. The improvement of the persistent system should be needed to propel the harmonious protection of those holding trademark right's credit and demanders' expectant profit by way of the righteous use of trademark.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.2 (3)
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• pp.328-330
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• 2000

DNS(Domain Name Service)는 인터넷 호스트의 주소를 제공하는 서비스로써 기존의 시스템은 영어 알파벳 이외의 다른 언어들로 구성된 도메인 네임(Domain Name)은 처리하지 못한다. 최근, 인터넷의 국제화에 따른 다국어 도메인의 필요성이 점차 증대됨에 따라 이러한 문제점을 해결하고 다국어 도메인 이름을 처리할 수 있는 새로운 DNS 프로토콜인 mlDNS(Multilingual Domain Name Service)를 제안한다. 기존의 DNS와의 호환성 및 상호 운용성을 보장하고 특정 언어에 종속되지 않는 시스템을 디자인하기 위해 mlDNS에서는 Unicode 문자 집합을 기반으로 모든 DNS 질의를 UTF-8 인코딩 방식으로 처리하고 이러한 새로운 mlDNS 질의와 기존의 DNS 질의를 구분하기 위해 DNS 질의 헤더에 'IN'이라는 새로운 비트 영역을 지정하여 사용한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권10호
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• pp.2750-2763
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• 2012

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical Internet infrastructure that provides name to address mapping services. In the past decade, Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks have targeted the DNS infrastructure and threaten to disrupt this critical service. While the flooding DoS attacks may be alleviated by the DNS caching mechanism, we show in this paper that flooding DoS attacks utilizing name error queries is capable of bypassing the cache of resolvers and thereby impose overwhelming flooding attacks on the name servers. We analyze the impacts of such DoS attacks on both name servers and resolvers, which are further illustrated by May 19 China's DNS Collapse. We also propose the detection and defense approaches for protecting DNS servers from such DoS attacks. In the proposal, the victim zones and attacking clients are detected through monitoring the number of corresponding responses maintained in the negative cache. And the attacking queries can be mitigated by the resolvers with a sample proportion adaptive to the percent of queries for the existent domain names. We assess risks of the DoS attacks by experimental results. Measurements on the request rate of DNS name server show that this kind of attacks poses a substantial threat to the current DNS service.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.2434-2442
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• 2015

사물인터넷(IoT) 시대가 도래하면서 각 개체를 식별하는 것이 중요해지고 있다. 도메인 네임, IP주소, OID 등의 인터넷주소자원이 식별자로서의 역할을 하게 될 것으로 기대되며, 그 수요 또한 증가할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 이에 따라 인터넷주소자원을 확보하는 것이 중요해지고 있으며, 인터넷주소자원 시장이 발달함에 따라 현재 시점에서 인터넷주소자원이 산업으로 발전할 가능성이 있는지 가늠해볼 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 국가 도메인 네임에 대하여 OECD 가입국 중 18개 국가를 대상으로 국가도메인 네임 등록 수에 영향을 미치는 요인을 선정하고 회귀분석을 실시한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37B권11호
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• pp.1082-1089
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• 2012

최근 사이버 공간에서는 대규모 사이버 공격들을 위해 봇넷(Botnet)을 형성하여 자산 손실과 같은 경제적 위협뿐만 아니라 Stuxnet과 같은 국가적으로 위협이 되고 있다. 진화된 봇넷은 DNS(Domain Name System)를 악용하여 C&C 서버와 좀비간의 통신 수단으로 사용하고 있다. DNS는 인터넷에서의 주요 인프라이고, 무선 인터넷의 대중화로 지속적으로 DNS 트래픽이 증가되고 있다. 반면에, 도메인 주소를 이용한 공격들도 증가되고 있는 현실이다. 본 논문에서는 지도 학습 기반의 데이터 분류 기술을 이용한 DNS 트래픽 기반의 사이버 위협 도메인 탐지 기술에 대해 연구한다. 더불어, 개발된 DNS 트래픽을 이용한 사이버위협 도메인 탐지 시스템은 대용량의 DNS데이터를 수집, 분석, 정상/비정상 도메인 분류 기능을 제공한다.