• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.38
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• pp.29-51
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• 2015

With the progress in high speed internet networks, mobile devices and social networking, the eco-system of the media has shifted from that where the flow of content was one-way from the producer to the consumer. A so-called 'prosumer' culture has taken root where the consumer himself produces media content. Along with these trends, various video-sharing platforms such as youtube has a method of allocating advertisement profit to the content producer, offering a win-win platform for content pro-sumers. This allows the channels to attract several tens of millions of subscribers and raise an annual income of over 10 billion Won, marking a revolutionary change in the content industry. This paper seeks to analyze video distribution channels and short-form media content that are showing continuous growth to identify new markets where animated content can make progress in an era of online video media platforms, as well as provide a future direction for small teams of creators of animated films to survive and thrive in this environment.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.71-74
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• 1979

The growth characteristics of Methylomonas methanolica YUFE 101, isolated from sewage samples, have been studied. conclusions of the study were; (1) Optimum cultivation pH and temperature are 6.3 and 32.5$^{\circ}C$ respectively (2) The specific oxygen uptake rate was 332 $\mu$ι/mg-dry weight/hr. (3) The maximum specific growth rate was 0.19 h $r^{-1}$ and celluar yield was 0.43 g-dry cell/g-methanol in batch culture, (4) The maximum biomass productivity achieved was 0.21 g-dry cel1/ι/hr at a dillution rate of 0.1 h $r^{-1}$ during continuous cultivation. (5) The contents of crude protein and total nucleic acid in the dry cell were 73 ％ and 12 ％ respectively.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.51
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• pp.203-223
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• 2018

Through importance and achievement analysis of participating students in Youth employment academy, 'webtoon specialist education course', the purpose of this study is to derive implications for invigorating webtoon specialist education course. The result of importance and achievement analysis is as follows. First, participating students consider that education course is important for them, express high satisfaction. Second, participating students consider that education infrastructure is important, so need to upgrade. Third, Communication is not important factor, participating students are satisfied with communication. Fourth, employment rate is not important factor, participating students are lowly satisfied with employment rate. Because major participating students are sophomore & junior in university and will choose their own business instead of getting the job, they express low satisfaction of importance and achievement. Through this study, I would like to suggest implications and advanced strategies for invigorating webtoon specialist education course for creating youth jobs.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 1999

Fluorination of drinking water has been used world widely to reduce the incidence of caries. Recently, contradictory results on the cytotoxicity of fluoride compounds are reported. In addition, there are attempts to use fluorosilicate for fluorination of drinking water in Korea, therefore, we tried to analyze the cytotoxicity of fluoride compounds on oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB and A253) and osteosarcoma (HOS and MG-63) cells in this study. We treated cells with 0, 10, 50 and 250 ppm of fluorosilicic acid (domestic or from Fluka, F$\_$6/H$_2$Si), sodium fluorosilicate (F$\_$6/Na$_2$Si), sodium fluoroacetate (FCH$_2$CO$_2$Na), sodium fluoride (NaF) or potassium fluoride(KF) and measured the relative cell survival by MTT assay. At the concentration of < 10ppm, no significant cytotoxicity was observed. At 50 ppm, each cells revealed different response to fluoride treatment. Among cells used in this study, MG-63 was the most resistant to fluoride treatment. Comparable toxicity data from domestic and imported fluorosilicic acids were obtained. When we compared the relative cytotoxicity of fluoride compounds against their fluoride contents, the differences in relative cell survival were smaller. Most of cells showed < 20% of survival at 250 ppm. In order to analyze the pH dependence of the cytotoxicity of fluorosilicates, the pH of cell culture media containing fluorosilicate was adjusted to 7.4 or 6.5 and the relative cytotoxicity was measured. At lower pH, about 10% higher cytotoxicity was obtained. Thus, our data suggested that the toxicity of domestic fluorosilicic acid was similar to that of fluorosilicic acid from Fluka, and the cytotoxicity of fluoride compounds was dependent on the relative content of fluoride and pH.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 1997

Under the light intensity of 25-72$\mu$E/ m$^{2}$/s Botryococcus braunii UTEX 572 grew faster than Botryococcus sp. GE 24 isolated from a freshwater lake. The specific growth rate ($\mu$) of B. braunii UTEX 572 was highest at 0.260 (1/day) on a dry weight basis in Chu 13 medium from 1 to 9 days of incubation and then continuously decreased. Carbohydrate concentration and cellular nitrogen and phosphorus contents of B. braunii UTEX 572 gradually decreased with light intensity over a range of 25-72$\mu$E/m$^{2}$2/s, whereas the concentrations of protein and cellular N:P ratio increased with light intensity. Chlorophyll-a concentration showed a decreasing tendency with light intensity. The dry weight of B. braunii UTEX 572 increased in the highest rate of 83 mg/l/day at pH 8.0. When the N: P ratio of Chu 13 medium was adjusted to 50: 1 by addition of nitrogen source, dry weight increasing rate was 115 mg/l/day between 20 and 28 days of incubation which was the highest value during the cultivation. Cell growth in an open culture of B. braunii UTEX 572 was highest with Chu 13 medium, whereas that with Chu 13 medium adjusted to pH 7.0, containing 250 mg/l penicillin, or containing 1% glucose was reduced on a large scale. However, this result shows the possibility of the mass cultivation of B. braunii UTEX 572 in an open system competing with other microorganisms.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.510-519
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• 2018

Synbiotics are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics, which lead to synergistic benefits in host welfare. Probiotics have been used as an alternative to antibiotics. Among the probiotics, Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) has shown excellent antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) as a major poultry pathogen and has improved the production performances of animals. Inulin is widely used as a prebiotic for the improvement of animal health and growth. The main aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of inulin nanoparticle (IN)-internalized PA encapsulated into alginate/chitosan/alginate (ACA) microcapsules (MCs) for future in vivo application. The prepared phthalyl INs (PINs) were characterized by DLS and FE-SEM. The contents of phthal groups in the PINs were estimated by $^1H-NMR$ measurement as 25.1 mol.-%. The sizes of the PINs measured by DLS were approximately 203 nm. Internalization into PA was confirmed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The antimicrobial activity of PIN-internalized probiotics encapsulated into ACA MCs was measured by coculture antimicrobial assays on SG. PIN-internalized probiotics had a higher antimicrobial ability than that of ACA MCs loaded with PA/inulin or PA. Interestingly, when PINs were treated with PA and encapsulated into ACA MCs, as a natural antimicrobial peptide, pediocin was produced much more in the culture medium compared with other groups with inulin-loaded ACA MCs and PA encapsulated into ACA MCs.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

Three strains (JC1, JC2, and HY1) of aerobic carbon monoxide (CO)-utilizing Acinetobacter were isolated from soil through CO-enrichment culture technique. All of them were Gram-negative, nonmotile, and rod-shated but they were changed to spherical form at the end of logarithmic phase. They were resistant to penicillin and able to frow at $42^{\circ}C$. The guanine plus cytosine contents of the DNAs ranged from 43 to 44.5 mol%. Oxidase was not present in all cells. The colonies were smooth and whitish yellow. Heterotrophic growth occurred on several sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and alcohols. The doubling times under and atmosphere of 30% CO and 70% air at $30^{\circ}C$ were 19h, 25h, and 35h, respectively, for JC1, JC2, and HY1, JC1 was studied in more detail. The cells were grown optimally in a mineral medium (pH 6.8) under a gas mixture of 30% CO and 70% air at $30^{\circ}C$. Growth of the cells with CO did not depend on molybdenum. It was able to grow with 100 ppm of CO in air as a sole source of carbon and energy.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.4 s.36
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• pp.49-62
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• 2003

Vesely explains, the main source of our confusion and nihilism comes most probably from the ambiguous relationship between modem architecture, technology and aesthetics. Also, to overcome such crucial problems, many theorists recently emphasize to take part in cultural civilization and to preserve creative genes of great culture that is based on our interpretation of 'ethical and mythical nucleus of mankind,' rather than in technical modernization that constitutes a sort of subtle destruction of mytho-ethical nucleus of a society. They for architecture also strongly stress on a mythopoetic imagination and an ontological construction of building, which could make a form symbolic and mythical rather than mathematical and aesthetic representation. On this point, 'myth' becomes a vital idea for constructing and construing architectural form and space. And it is also one of the essential concepts to understand both the motive power of cultural continuation of place and the meaning of architecture. Nevertheless, its meaning and the citation of word in architectural essay are still obscure. It might be because the original concept of myth not only has been lain in the matter of philosophical contemplation. Thus, the intention of the research is focused on lightening the meaning of myth in architectural term. Especially, it is, first, concentrated on interpreting philosopher Ernst Cassirer's reflections which were written in order to emphasize the importance of 'mythical consciousness' for the world's cultural civilization. And, the second, it will continue to interpret the myth as a sign within the semiotic concept of Charles Sanders Peirce, and further to emphasis the significance of mythic signs for the continuance of artistic and cultural idea including architecture. The contents of the paper is not that of architectural planning and design methodology, rather architectural philosophy and epistemology. Nevertheless, in regard to architecture, the research will, against today's un-discriminated use of symbolic motifs and instrumental representation of form, suggest a concrete architectural and aesthetic theory of myth and sign, especially of the relationship between the idea of semiology and the function of cultural continuity.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.109-122
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• 1994

The cultured olive flounder larvae given nutrient enriched rotifer, Artemia nauplii and commertial micro diet were investigated the changes of lipid content, fatty acid composition and vitamin E content in whole body with growth stages in order to compare with those of the wild one. The results obtained are as follows. 1) Lipid and vitamin E contents of the cultured larvae were higher than those of the wild one. 2) Clear differences of fatty acid composition with growth stages, especially 18: 2n-6 and 22 : 6n-3, were recognized between the wild and cultured olive flounder larvae. 3) Changes of lipid content, fatty acid composition and vitamin E content were found to be affected by dietary composition given to fish. 4) The wild olive flounder larvae were found to obtain natural live foods containing of low lipid content and high concentration 22: 6n-3 based on the fatty acid composition of the fish.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2010

The game industry is growing most rapidly for a last 10 years. However, these days korean online game is not developed in chinese market any more quickly because there must be many significant problems. One of the most important problems can be a misunderstanding a chinese online game user. For instance, the Game community system shows an important position to choose an online game of chinese users. In this paper, We choose a three kinds of online game community systems and make a comparative analysis. We can expect a certain way through this research because we can see that most succesful online games in chinese market have a more expandable community systems. In order to make a succesful game contents in foreign country's game market, we must understand foreign gamers what they like or dislike. We think a next research will be about a specific relation between a foreign gamer and culture.