• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.95-109
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• 2017

The objectives of this study are to develop a cosmetic involvement scale focusing on Korean men in their 20s and 30s, verify its validity and examine the characteristics of this group. The results of this study's analyses showed that cosmetic involvement scale could be classified into 5 factors: 'trend & interest involvement', 'prestige sensitivity involvement', 'price and value involvement', 'skin involvement,' and 'obligatory involvement'. Also the cosmetic involvement of the target group was classified into 'amusing high-involvement group', 'rational low-involvement group', and 'obligatory high-involvement group'. This study has significance in showing differences of cosmetic involvement factors by gender and proposing a cosmetic involvement scale of Korean men in their 20s and 30s, which has taken men's distinctiveness into consideration.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in body image and attitudes and behaviors regarding cosmetic surgery between Korean and Americans. Forty females in the U.S and 40 in Korea participated in the study by being interviewed. As a result, while Koreans had positive attitudes toward cosmetic surgery, Americans had negative attitudes. Higher incidences of cosmetic surgery were found among Koreans than among Americans. Koreans with lower body image tended to have ore tolerance toward cometic surgery. These results suggest that cosmetic surgery might be one of many ways to improve their self-esteem, Korean women with lower body image showed higher attitudes or behaviors toward cosmetic surgery than Americans.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2003

Packaging has been regarded as a environmental problem because of its relatively high portion of municipal solid wastes. Especially, cosmetic packaging has been focused because of characteristics of cosmetic packaging. Cosmetic products are highly sensitive products that pursue the beauty differently from other products. Cosmetic packaging materials are difficult to be recycled. Purpose of this study is to suggest the method to improve the environmental friendly packaging of cosmetic products. This study contains the major governmental policies on the cosmetic packaging in terms of environment issues in Korea, and suggested methods to develop the environmental friendly packaging of cosmetic products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2014

This study examined the cosmetic store attributes that japanese tourists evaluated when purchasing cosmetics in korean cosmetic stores and the effect of those attributes on satisfaction, repurchase intention and recommendation intention. The subjects of this study were 250 Japanese female tourists who had purchase experiences of Korean cosmetics in the stores. Data analysis was conducted using factor analysis, regression analysis, and ANOVA using SPSS 15.0. The result of this study was as follows: First, cosmetic store attributes for Japanese tourists were composed of four factors such as products, store's atmosphere, salesperson and sales promotion. Second, it was shown that the salesperson and store atmosphere attributes have positive effect on cosmetic store satisfaction. Third, it was shown that store satisfaction had a positive effect on both repurchase intention and recommendation intention. Fourth, Japanese tourists' satisfaction on cosmetic store depends on the frequency of visiting Korea, and preference of the Korean Wave.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the level of health concern and the health practice of adult women depending on their experiences with cosmetic tattooing. Methods: The participants were 396 adult women in Jeonnam and Jeonbuk Provinces and G City. Their levels of health concern were measured using the 5-point-5-item scale designed by Kim. For measuring their health practice, the 5-point-12-item scale designed by Kwak was used. Results: The percentage of cosmetic tattooed women was 58.8%. The average score of their health concern was 3.12 and that of their health practice 3.54. As for their levels of health concern, no differences were observed between those with cosmetic tattoo experience and those without. However, the group with cosmetic tattoo experience exhibited a higher level of health practice. Also, most members of the cosmetic tattooed group decided to visit their tattoo shops based on the availability of tattoo shapes or prices rather than considering infection risks. Conclusion: Health education is necessary to increase people's sensitivity to infection. This study shows that urgent attention for the management and regulation of the relevant ministries is required. Also, this study provides foundational information that will serve health education.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.13-25
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate acupoints and muscles used for cosmetic acupuncture. We want most clinicians practicing cosmetic acupuncture to understand theoretical background well and to treat cosmetic diseases more diversely by this paper. Methods : We collected useful informations from some books and websites about cosmetic acupuncture and thus could select major acupoints and muscles. Conculsions : The most frequently used acupoints for cosmetic acupoints are as follows ; LI20, ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST5, ST6, ST7, ST8, SI18, SI19, BL1, BL2, BL3, BL4, TE17, TE18, TE19, TE20, TE21, TE22, TE23, GB1, GB2, GB3, GB4, GB5, GB6, GB7, GB8, GB13, GB14, GV20, GV21, GV22, GV23, GV24, GV25, GV26 and CV24. And head and neck muscles including SCM muscle, plastyma, frontalis, corrugator supercilii, orbicularis oculi, auricularis, temporalis, masseter, pterygoid, zygomaticus and risorius can be used for cosmetic acupuncture. Most acupoints and muscles are located in face and head, which seemed to be concerned with formation of face wrinkles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.2 no.3 s.3
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• pp.96-101
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• 2004

This study suggests the basic resources for men's cosmetic which shows in history. Because not only ancient chief but also modern French noble men made up in the area where succeeded the traditional national cosmetic, when it was seen through historic or world, the men's cosmetic was generated and was more luxurious and presence than women. But since the French revolution, men was limited the collection of fashion, also the luxurious cloth and cosmetic disappeared. It was 1960s that men's cosmetic based rock musicians reappeared. And then, rock musicians made up luxuriously. The early cosmetic of rock musicians began from the protest's meaning for old fashioned value and fixed society. But gradually, it was changed the style that valued appearance's beauty. In the past, movie star's hair style and cloth were the basic fashion, but now the sportsmen are recognized heroes and their cosmetic is prevailing. Today, the basic meaning of men's presence fashion is that men and women's each role and self expression is allowed and appearance's decoration showed from sex roles disappeared. Men is limited body's beautiful expression and collective range but they fluently express each self imagination through work, special hobby, female attire and drag queen. From various men's beautiful expression, we will know that human beings want a society which is recognizing different self expressions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1961-1970
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• 2017

Lespedeza cuneata G. Don is a traditional herb that has been associated with multiple biological activities. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative/antiaging activities and performed an active component analysis of the non-fermented and fermented (using Lactobacillus pentosus) extracts of Lespedeza cuneata G. Don. The antioxidative activities of the fermented extract were higher than those of non-fermented extracts. The elastase inhibitory activity, inhibitory effects on UV-induced MMP-1 expression, and ability to promote type I procollagen synthesis were investigated in Hs68 human fibroblasts cells. These tests also revealed that the fermented extract had increased antiaging activities compared with the non-fermented extract. A component analysis of the ethyl acetate fractions of non-fermented and fermented extracts was performed using TLC, HPLC, and LC/ESI-MS/MS to observe changes in the components before and after fermentation. Six components that were different before and after fermentation were investigated. It was thought that kaempferol and quercetin were converted from kaempferol glucosides and quercetin glucosides, respectively, via bioconversion with the fermentation strain. These results indicate that the fermented extract of L. cuneata G. Don has potential for use as a natural cosmetic material with antioxidative and antiaging effects.

• The Korean Ginseng Research and Industry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

• The Korean Ginseng Research and Industry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.2-9
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• 2017