• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.1 s.139
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• pp.124-135
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• 2005

This study was intended to compare and analyze the clothing purchasing behavior of Chinese career women in Benjing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Changchun, and to provide useful information for establishment of marketing strategies for China. The subjects were 662 career women in their 20's or 30's living in Benjing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Changchun. Data was collected through the questionnaire based on the theoretical and previous studies from April 9, 2003 to April 31, 2003. A total of 662 questionnaires was analyzed by frequency, percentage, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, and ${\chi}^2-test$. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Demographic variables such as an age, marriage, academic back ground, residential city, monthly income, and monthly expenditure on clothing were significantly different among the career women in Benjing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Changchun. 2. Clothing purchasing behavior variables such as clothing purchasing motive, using informants, clothing selection standards, store selection standards, and satisfaction after purchasing clothes were significantly different among the career women in Benjing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Changchun.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to correctly understand the costume of Qing dynasty in the court painting. The starting point of this study was that the painting typically reflects the cultural values, social significations, costume and aesthetic outlook of that period when the paintings were done. Based on this regard, this study analyzed the costume of figure paintings in the court painting of the Qing dynasty that complied and edited by the Palace Museum. The court dress of Qing dynasty represented not only the spiritual world of Manchu tribes but also the influences of Chinese traditional culture. The court dresses of Kangxi and Qianloug showed definitely the luxury of life of Qing court. The everyday dress of Qing dynasty reflected the nomadic environments and it was very simple. The hunting dress of Qing dynasty was very developed and also represented horse riding and hunting activities of their traditional life. The ladies of Qing dynasty enjoyed to dress the costume of old Chinese style. The appearance of noble women was fragile and slim.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.113-134
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• 2007

This study investigated body-related values, body-esteem, and the relationship between them based on the survey data drawn from female college students in three East Asian countries(Korea, Japan, and China). 168 Korean, 108 Chinese, and 152 Japanese female college students responded to questions designed to measure four sorts of body values (operability, inclination, locus of evaluation, and social utility) and four dimensions of body esteem (appearance, weight, health, overall). The results showed that body-related values and body-esteem differ among three countries. Japanese showed the highest acceptance level for the voluntary body alteration(operability), while chinese scored the lowest. Inclination to body appearance over health was higher in Korean than in Japanese and in Chinese. Korean also evaluated the importance of body appearance and its social utility the highest, followed by Japanese and Chinese. There were dramatic differences in body esteem between Korean and Japanese. Regarding body-esteem, Korean showed the highest appearance-esteem, but the health-esteem was the lowest. On the contrary, Japanese showed the highest health-esteem, but the appearance-esteem was lowest. Chinese showed the highest weight-esteem. Four sorts of body values showed significant correlations with appearance-esteem and weight-esteem, respectively but not with health-esteem. Overall, the result supported the prediction that different political, social, and economic backdrops in three countries would be related with different body-related values and body esteem in the female college students.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.655-669
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• 2014

This study was to examine the service and the product evaluation factors of Korean internet fashion shopping malls and to suggest marketing implications for Korean internet fashion shopping malls wanting to expand into the Chinese market. This study conducted a questionnaire survey for college female students in Qingdao, China, who have shopped at Korean internet shopping malls, and 310 surveys were used in the final analysis, frequency analysis, factorial analysis, and regression analysis. The results of the study were as follows. First, Most of the respondents answered that they found the Korean internet fashion shopping malls through the internet, and the most purchased item was outer clothing. Second, the system stability and web site structure excellence factors had a positive influence on the service satisfaction for the shopping mall 'S', while the system satisfaction, service efficiency, interactivity and web site structure excellence factors had positive influences on service satisfaction for the shopping mall 'P', and the system satisfaction, service efficiency, interactivity factors had positive influences on service satisfaction for the shopping mall 'N'. Third, examining the correlation between product satisfaction for the shopping mall 'S', 'P', and 'N' with fashion product evaluation factors showed that, design factors and quality excellence factors of the three shopping malls had positive influences on product satisfaction. The results of this research provide useful information in forming an efficient operating system and improving marketing strategies for internet fashion shopping malls planning to enter or having already entered the Chinese market.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.135-158
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to provide for the useful fundamental data by developing an appearl sizing system according to body types for Chinese Adult Female. Thus, it was to improve of fittness and coverage rate of exporting domestic clothing to China. For study, It was measured 1360 female women aged between 19 and 50 who resident in Beijing and Shanghai in China. as a sample, 1381 female women was seleted for development of apparel sizing system. Thus, this study was to characterize body types of Chinese adult female by classifying them into groups and set coverage rate of ready-made clothes by developing an apparel sizing system according to the Women's Wear Specifications(GB/T 1335.2-1997), National Standards of People's Republic of China. As for the method of this study was done during Jun. 23 $\sim$ Aug. 7, 2004. Data analysis were processed by SPSS WIN 10.0 Program was used to for technical statistical analysis. The result was as follows: The clothes dimension for upper and lower body and the coverage rate of body size that had the highest appearance ratio from the entire group was Y-type 160-84$\cdot$160-64(4.6%) and the section 160cm 32.4%, A-type 160-88$\cdot$160-72(3.3%) and the section 160cm 28.1%, B-type 155-88$\cdot$155-78(3.8%) and the section 155cm 27.8%, C-type 150-96$\cdot$150-88(2.5%). The result By setting of representative size number and production coverage rate for Chinese adult female. The representative size number of the entire group was set for 150-80A$\cdot$150-64A(1.0%), 155-84A$\cdot$155-68A(2.6%), 160-88A$\cdot$160-72A(3.3%), 165-84A$\cdot$165-68A (2.8%), 170-96A$\cdot$170-80A(0%). The production coverage rate for each representative size number was SS size the section 150cm 2.8%, size the section 155cm 17.0%, M size the section 160cm 31.6%, L size the section 165cm 25.0%, XL size the section 170cm 12.6% that covered 85.0%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2000

The Purpose of this study was to understand the China Yunnan Baizu food. This study was performed a visit market based on in- depth interview with food experts those who lived in Baizu province. The results were summarized as follows. The main food of Baizu were Bab, Dduk(BaBa), Nuddle(Mi xian) made from rice. They ate all kind of food from vegetables, fish, and pork, but the remarkable thing was that there were practical limit to select the ingredient. They would use some fermented products such as Pao-chai, Yan-chai, Zha. Pao-chai was fermented vegetables like Kimchi, Yan-chai was similar with Changachi in Korea, and Zha was prepared from meat and fish. Menus for Banquets were included 8 kinds of cold appetizer, 8 kinds of hot dishes, and 2 kinds of sweet desserts. The ingredients were local products and they considered hot, sour, cold taste importantly. The method of cooking was simple and Rusan, Sengpi was the most traditional Baizu food. Ru san is one of dishes prepared from the milk, and milk pedimented product. Sengpi was uncooked pork.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2018

Purpose - China has become the world's largest market of Korean culture goods. However the distribution and information channel from which Chinese consumers can access to Korean contents remains under-explored. This study aimed to investigate Chinese consumers' information accessing behavior. Research design, data, and methodology - We collected the sample of 800 customers who are exposed to Korean Wave in China. Regression analysis is used to confirm the relationships in the research model. Results - The results showed that official channels such as state owned sites still play a significant role, Chinese consumers prefer to use unofficial channels and the private SNS is the most popular one. It is also found that users with low interests in Korean contents prefer offline/indirect channels while people who are highly immersed into Korean culture and spend longer time on it tend to favor online/unofficial channels. The results confirms that there are some users' characteristics such as gender, age, income and experience of visiting Korea are relevant to explain their propensity to select distribution and information channels for Korean contents. Conclusions - The study enables managers to develop the more effective distribution channel strategies according to the different target consumer groups.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.197-212
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• 2016

Objectives : This study develops a salutogenic program and examines its effects on the sense of coherence, acculturative stress, and quality of life of married immigrant women. Methods : The salutogenic program was developed based on Antonovsky's Salutogenic Model, and the study design was a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. The participants were married immigrant Chinese (n=30) and Vietnamese (n=31) women, who were assigned to either an experimental group (n=29) or a control group (n=32). The data were analyzed using the ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, and repeated measures ANOVA, and the IBM SPSS for Windows (version 20.0) program was used to perform the analysis. Results : Compared to the control group, the sense of coherence (F=52.05, p <.001) and quality of life (F=6.95, p=.002) were significantly improved in the experimental group, and the acculturative stress (F=24.64, p<.001) in this group significantly decreased after implementing salutogenic program. Conclusions : These findings indicate that a salutogenic program is an effective intervention for married immigrant women. The study suggests that such programs can be applied to married immigrant women at public health or multicultural family support centers to improve their sense of coherence and quality of life.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1-19
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• 2004

With a view to providing the basic data of clothing manufacturing for Chinese women in their 20s residing in Ningbo City, Zhejiangsheng, China, this study analyzes their upper-body types. With the subjects of 192 female adults(age 20 to 29), the following conclusions were made: 1. According to the Chinese standard classification, all body types except C were seen: A(58.33%), Y(40.63%), and B(1.04%). 2. According to the Korean standard classification, body types appeared in the order of H(68.75%), N(29.17%), and A(2.08%). 3. $R\ddot{o}hrer$ index was 1.23 belonging to the ordinary somatotype. The distribution was ordinary(60.42%), slim(38.54%), and fat(1.04%). 4. The subjects were 158.62cm(height), 83.54cm(bust), 65.77cm(waist), and 87.50cm(hip). 5. No significant differences were noticed in all the items except waist breadth around age 24. 6. Compared with Korean counterparts, Chinese females were a little shorter, had bigger bust, similar waist, and smaller and flatter hips. 7. Seen in the side somatotype classification, a standard body type was revealed with $24.50^{\circ}$ of a slightly-leaning shoulder gradient. 8. Seven factors were produced in the present analysis, and five body types in the group analysis turned out to be standard.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.441-454
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• 2021

This study analyzed consumer needs for the development of elderly-friendly HMR products in China. In developing the products, items needed to be improved, types and packages of the necessary products, additional improvements and food preferences were investigated. According to the demographic characteristics of elderly Chinese consumers, these was analyzed as well. A survey was conducted on a total of 370 elderly people, and data analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 program. Items related to product quality safety, such as "marks of origin by ingredient", "rich nutrients", "expansion of letter size of packaging", "rich nutrients" and "clear manufacturing date and expiration date", were required to develop HMR products. The types of products that should be developed were porridge and noodles, and the packaging types that should be developed were eco-friendly packaging and recycled packaging. In addition, "low-calorie HMR", "development of various seasonings", "use of eco-friendly food ingredients" and "HMR to digest easily" should be improved. The demand for product improvement and food preference showed significant differences according to the degree of education, monthly income and oral health. The results were intended to prepare basic data for setting the direction when developing elderly-friendly HMR.