• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-53
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• 1961

During the period from 1956 to 1959, a serological survey was conducted in au effort to assessing the incidence of brucellosis in various domestic animals in Korea. The following results were obtained. 1. Seventy-six dairy cattle which were imported in the year of 1956 had 9 positive reactors (11.84%). Of 1127 goats imported in 1956 and 1958, eleven(0.98%) were reactor animals. 2. In 1956, of 108 dairy cattle tested 10(9.25%) were reactors. In 1937 and 1958, a total of 155 dairy cattle examined hid ten (6.45%) positive reactors. In 1959, of 127 dairy cattle examined two were reactor animals. 3. In 1958 and 1959, 432 goats in some districts in Korea were subject to test for brucellosis and the test revealed five (1.15%) reactors. In 1958, 683 swine serum samples were examined and eleven (1.04%) were positive. In 1959, 1133 Korean cattle were tested and seven samples (0.64%) showed positive reactions. 4. In the month of July in 1939, 580 beef cattle in Cheju National Ranch and Branch were examined and 111 (19.13%) were found to be reactors. In October of the same year, 157 cattle, consisting of reactor and suspicious cattle groups, were tested, of which 71 samples reacted positive and 47 remained suspicious. 5. In December of the year of 1958, there occurred. an outbreak of brucellosis in a swine herd in the Sachon Branch Experimental Station. Seven serological tests on 438 swine serum samples were conducted, of which 122 (27.87%) were found positive. 6. Dairy cattle No. 33 and No. 35 which had been imported in 1956 and detected as highly positive, were examined for a prolonged period to follow the variation of antibody titers. A marked drop in antibody titer was seen two months after the initial test while the re-increase in titer was observer our months after the first examination.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.435-442
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• 2009

Multiple genes interacting is a difficult due to the limitations of parametric statistical method like as logistic regression for detection of gene effects that are dependent solely on interactions with other genes and with environmental exposures. Multifactor dimensionality reduction(MDR) statistical method by dummy variables was applied to identify interaction effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) responsible for longissimus mulcle dorsi area(LMA), carcass cold weight(CWT) and average daily gain(ADG) in a Hanwoo beef cattle population.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.192-195
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• 2006

Current study was conducted to investigate the effect of different hanging techniques (achilles tendon, aitch bone and pelvic ligament) on variations in sarcomere length and palatability within and between muscles using thirty-four Angus steer sides. Results showed that tenderstretch(by either suspension method) resulted in longer sarcomeres for most positions within the major leg muscle than did conventional hanging method, but in some minor muscles(eg., mm. gluteus profundus, gastronemius, and gracilis) tenderstetch allowed the muscles fibres to shorten. Some tenderstretched muscles(e.g., m. gluteus profundus, 1.5 ${\mu}m$) appeared not to toughen even at very low sarcomere lengths, while others toughened at higher sarcomere lengths. The current data demonstrated that the effect of tenderstretch on the length of sarcomeres and its influence on palatability varied between muscles, Overall the difference between the two tenderstretch methods was for the aitch method to produce meat that was 3.2 units more palatable than the ligament hanging method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.7 no.2 s.14
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• pp.65-73
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• 2001

Animal manure and manure compost produced from livestock farms are widely applied in crop lands. Leachate and runoff water from them are presumed to be one of the major sources of water quality deterioration in rural streams. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate water quality characteristics and loading of leachate obtained under rainfall simulation. Manure composts for the experiments were collected from beef cattle farms, dairy farms, and pig farms. Water quality parameters include SS, COD, TN, and TP. Most parameters of leachate from pig manure compost was higher than others. Both TN and TP concentrations were reflecting the composition of manure itself. It is recommended, therefore that the leachate from the manure composts should be controlled not to be discharged into streams.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.183-186
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• 1985

Fecal samples from beef and dairy calves less than 12-month-old of Chonnam area were examined for coccidial oocysts. The percentages of cattle and coccidian species found were: Eimeria alabamensis. 9.4; E. auburnensis, 12.5; E. bovis, 29.9; E. brasiliensis, 1.5; E. bukidnonensis, 2.1; E. canadensis, 10.4; E. cylindrica, 7.5; E. ellipsoidalis, 11.5; E. pellita, 1.7; E. subspherica, 10.4; E. wyomingensis, 2.9; and E. zuernii, 22.5. Fifty five percent of the fecal samples from 521 calves were positive for oocysts, and clinical coccidiosis was not found in any of these calves. The number of species in positive samples ranged from 1 to 7.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.5
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• 2022

Many countries have imposed regulations relating to concerns that hide contamination will affect the cleanliness of abattoirs. However, South Korea has not indicated any clear criteria. The purpose of this study is to use surrogate bacteria to measure the contamination in abattoirs caused by contaminated cattle hides. The swab contact method and plate count method are used. Surrogate bacteria are found in most internal environments after the final process. These surrogates remained on the carcass even after the final washing process. This paper is the first study in South Korea that use surrogate bacteria to analyze contamination levels in abattoirs.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.100-111
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• 1983

The research results reported herein had the objectives to understand and analyze the present problems of saemaeul woodland joint cattle grazing system in Kang Won Do and to take steps of improvement. The study results on actual management conditions, problems analyzed and improvement plan of total 208 joint cattle grazing area which was established 105 area in 1981 and 103 area in 1982 were summarized as follows: 1. the effectiveness of joint cattle grazing projects 1) Average daily weight gain of cattle during joint cattle grazing period was 0.4kg, showing higher daily than the conventional feeding of 0.33kg. 2) Increase of total farm income over the conventional feeding system were \1,031,357,320 during the grazing period from May to October in 1982 by adapting the 208 joint cattle grazing system, of which effectiveness of weight gain was \293,075,300 and labor saving was \543,838,750. 3) According to the results of questionaire investigation from 208 joint cattle grazing area, effectiveness of joint cattle grazing system over the conventional system were (1) labor saving, (2) feed cost saving, (3) reduced diseases, (4) increase of number of feeding, (5) inspiration of joint endeavor, (6) effect of more gain, (7) easiness of feeding and feed cost savings. 2. Problems of joint cattle grazing system. 1) Shortages of grass were a problem at second year of joint cattle grazing period due to the low regrowth rate of wild grass. 2) Proper land for woodland joint cattle grazing is belonging to land of Government ownership and it is very hard to get the permission from office of forestry for cattle grazing purpose. 3) It is also difficult to find a proper time of breeding in grazing area by the difficulty of estrus detection. 4) There are a difficulty to give a proper vaccination and medical examination for the grazing cattle. 3. Improvement plans for woodland joint cattle grazing projects. 1) Obtain sufficient roughages by hoof cultivation and oversowing pasture from the second year of joint cattle grazing period. 2) In order to increase the beef production and to use for a calf production area, Government should arrange that all proper grazing land of Government owned in Kang Won Do convert into woodland joint cattle grazing area. 3) Make a good reproductive record by mixed grazing with a excellent breeding cow in a remote area. And carry out the collective artificial insemination with synchronous puberty induced by injection of puberty stimulation hormone. 4) Make a preventive injection for blackleg, twice medication of fasciola hepatica in a year, and spray and medication of tick insecticide. 4. A policy towards upbringing of woodland joint cattle grazing area. 1) Government should thoroughly investigate about a proper land for woodland joint cattle grazing from all forests. 2) When the area is suitable for the woodland joint cattle grazing, though it is national forest or restricted area, government should make it possible to establish a grazing area. 3) On the proper land foe joint cattle grazing in the remote place, Government should support for the road construction and electric fence equipments by using of national funds. 4) There should be an administrative consideration for well promotion of the project that make woodland joint cattle grazing suitable to the characteristics of Kang Won Do. 5) In order to improve the reproduction record, Government should reform the insufficiency of artificial insemination in the joint cattle grazing area. 6) In order to maintain a proper price of cow, Government should carry out the price plan. 7) When there is any request for grassland formation in the woodland joint cattle grazing area, Government should permit it with preference.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1993

The influence of the storage temperature at $15^{\circ}C$ on the biochemical and structural changes in the red muscles (M. sternomandibularis) of korean native cattle postmortem were studied. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1.5 to 2 hours postmortem the pH-value had dropped to $6.7{\sim}6.8$, after 18 or 20 hours at $15^{\circ}C$ it had reached its final pH-value (5.5). The irreversible loss of extensibility, i.e. the onset of rigor mortis, arose at $15^{\circ}C$ between 9 and 10 hours postmortem at pH 6.1 to 6.0 and R-value between 1.05/1.10. The complete loss of extensibility postmortem was reached after 18 to 20 hours at pH 5.5/5.6. Muscle and sarcomere length of korean native cattle were contracted about 20% and 15%, respectively at $15^{\circ}C$. Meat of korean native cattle had the highest shear force (4.7 kg) on 1 day after slaughter. The tenderness was increased with the ripening period prolonged and was highest at the end of the 9 day ripening period.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.252-257
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• 1993

Nine Korean native cattle were purchased from a beef cattle farm. Immediatly after slaughtering and skinning, each carcass was split into left and right sides and the one half was kept as a control, the other one was electrically stimulated by using 400v stimulator for 1 min. All samples were analyzed for shear force value, ATP and biochemical changes to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation during storage at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;15^{\circ}C$. The amount of lactate of electrically stimulated (E.S.) meat showed a rapid increment compared with that of control (p<0.01). E.S. treatment caused a rapid drop of pH value. Initial pH decreased from 6.85 to 6.38 in M. semitendinosus and from 7.0 to 6.58 in Triceps brachii by E.S. treatment (p<0.01). Electrically stimulated muscle showed decrease (34.67%) in ATP to $5.74{\mu}mole/g$ from $8.78{\mu}mole/g$ of unstimulated meat. ATP of the electrically stimulated muscle stored at $15^{\circ}C$ and $5^{\circ}C$ was degraded faster than that of control until 6 hours post-mortem (p<0.05). The tenderness of meat after aging was improved significantly by electrical stimulation with lower shear force value than that of untreated meat (p<0.01).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1629-1640
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• 2015

This study was performed to compare carcass traits, sensory characteristics, physiochemical composition, and contents of nucleotides, collagen, and free amino acids among quality grades (QG) and to understand the association between QG and above parameters in loin and rump of Korean cattle steer. Loin and rump samples were obtained from 48 Korean cattle steers with each of four QG (QG 1++, 1+, 1, and 2; average 32 months of age). Carcass weight and marbling score (MS) were highest in QG 1++, whereas texture score measured by a meat grader was highest in QG 2. A correlation analysis revealed that MS (r = 0.98; p<0.01) and fat content (r = 0.73; p<0.01) had strong positive correlations with QG and that texture had a strong negative correlation (r = -0.78) with QG. Fat content in loin was highest but protein and moisture contents were lowest in QG 1++. Our results confirmed that a major determinant of QG is the MS; thus, intramuscular fat content. The International Commission on Illumination $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values in loin were highest in QG 1++. Numeric values of shear force in loin were lowest in QG 1++, whereas those of tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability tended to be highest in QG 1++ without statistical significance. QG was strongly correlated with juiciness (r = 0.81; p<0.01) and overall acceptability (r = 0.87; p<0.001). All sensory characteristics were higher (p<0.05) in loin than those in rump. Adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) and inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP) contents in both loin and rump did not differ among QGs. No nucleotide (AMP, IMP, inosine, hypoxanthine) was correlated with any of the sensory traits. Total, soluble, and insoluble collagen contents in loin were higher in QG 1++ than those in QG 1. All three collagens had lower content in loin than that in rump. All three collagens were positively correlated with tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability. Glutamic acid content did not significantly differ among the four QGs in either loin or rump. In conclusion, it is confirmed that QG is associated with sensory traits but nucleotide contents in beef may not be a major factor determining meat palatability in the present study.