• 아동학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.243-255
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• 2008

This study analyzed relations among maternal parenting behavior, infant development and parenting stress focusing on the moderating effect of parenting stress. Subjects were 30 infants and their mothers. After videotaping the mother-infant free play session, maternal parenting was analyzed by the Parent Child Interaction Play Assessment(Mash & Terdal, 1981); mothers' parenting stress was measured by questionnaire. Infant development was measured individually by the Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development (K-BSID-II). Correlation analyses revealed that infant cognitive development correlated significantly with maternal parenting behavior (attention) but the relation between them was moderated by maternal parenting stress; only the low parenting stress group showed a positive relationship between maternal parenting behavior and infant development.

• 아동학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.153-166
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• 2006

Stability of the Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II was tested in 305 infants by two measurements of varying intervals over a span of 5-36 months. Stability of K-BSID-II performance was r=.62(p<.01), r=.08(p<.18), r=.69(p<.01), r=.18(p<.01) for mental scale raw scores, mental scale index scores (MDI), psycho-motor scale raw scores and psycho-motor scale index scores(PDI), respectively. Stability was higher for the shorter test-retest interval group. Correlations between raw scores among infants with retest intervals of more than 2 years were stable on both mental and psycho-motor scales. MDI showed higher stability among high-risk infants than normal infants while PDI showed higher stability among normal infants. Testers and researchers should use both raw scores and index scores for better interpretations.

• 한국심리학회지ㆍ일반
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.81-107
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• 2017

베일리영유아발달검사 제3판(Bayley-III)의 미국 규준이 영유아의 발달수행을 과대추정하고 발달지연율을 과소추정 한다는 논란이 있어서, 본 연구는 발달지연의 고위험군인 미숙아를 대상으로 미국 규준 적용시 Bayley-III의 임상적 유용성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 생후 1개월부터 24개월(교정원령)의 미숙아(재태기간 37주 미만)와 만삭아 93명을 대상으로 Bayley-III와 한국형베일리영유아발달검사 2판(K-BSID-II)을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미숙아/만삭아 각 93명을 대상으로 혼합설계 분산분석을 실시한 결과 재태기간(경증미숙아, 중증미숙아, 극중증미숙아, 만삭아)에 따른 Bayley-III의 발달지수 및 척도점수 간에 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 특히 경증미숙아 집단 내에서는 발달영역(인지, 언어, 운동)에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타냈다. 둘째, Bayley-III와 K-BSID-II을 모두 실시한 미숙아(n=79)를 대상으로 환산점수 평균 간의 차이를 살펴본 결과, Bayley-III의 발달지수는 K-BSID-II의 발달지수에 비해 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났으며 발달지연률은 크게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 ROC 분석을 통해 발달지연 변별에 대한 Bayley-III의 민감도와 특이도를 분석하고 Bayley-III의 임상적 절단점을 탐색한 결과, Bayley-III의 하위 척도 모두 우수한 수준의 변별정확도를 나타냈으나, 미국 규준 적용시 절단점은 더 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 미국 규준을 사용하여 Bayley-III를 임상 현장에 적용할 때 점수 해석의 주의를 알리는 실증적인 자료로서, 한국 규준 마련시 표집 문제와 관련된 논의를 제공하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.772-777
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• 2009

목 적 : 발달 지연이 있는 환아들을 대상으로 한국형 영유아 발달 검사와 K-BSID-II를 병행하여 서로 간의 상관 관계와 일치도를 분석함으로써 유사한 발달 영역에서 동일한 판정 정도를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2007년 2월부터 2008년 6월까지 서울 아산 병원 소아청소년과에 발달 지연을 주소로 내원한 월령 42개월 이하의 환자 28명을 대상으로 하여 한국형 영유아 발달 검사 및 K-BSID-II를 시행하였다. 월령별로 12개월 이하와 13-24, 25-42개월 대상자로, 기질적 뇌병변이 두부 자기 공명 단층 촬영에 의해 확인되었던 군과 그렇지 않은 군으로 분류하여 각각의 한국형 영유아 발달 검사 결과와 K-BSID-II 결과를 비교하였다. 통계 분석은 SPSS를 사용하여 상관 관계를 분석하고 SAS를 사용하여 급내 상관 계수(Intraclass correlation coefficient)를 구하여 일치도를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 상관 관계 면에서 K-BSID-II의 인지 척도는 한국형 영유아 발달 검사의 전 영역과, 동작 척도는 조대 운동, 개인-사회성, 언어, 인지-적응 영역과 통계적으로 유의미한 상관을 나타내었다(P<0.01). 일치도 면에서 K-BSID-II의 인지 척도는 한국형 영유아 발달 검사의 조대 운동, 미세운동, 언어 영역과, 동작 척도는 조대 운동과 높은 일치도를 보였다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 발달 지연이 있는 환아에서 한국형 영유아 발달 검사는 조대 운동을 비롯한 여러 하위 영역에서 K-BSID-II와 유의한 상관 관계 및 일치도를 보였으며 한국 영유아의 발달 정도를 파악하는 비교적 정확한 지표로 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.468-476
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate cognitive ability in preschoolers born prematurely and to investigate related factors. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted with 64 children at 5-6 years of corrected age (CA) (second follow-up) among 76 children who had been assessed at 2.0~3.5 years of CA (first follow-up) from a sample of 343 preterm infants born from 2008 to 2010. To evaluate each child's cognitive ability, during a home visit, we used the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II (KABC-II) at the second follow-up. To explore factors related to cognitive ability, we measured children's hemoglobin level at the second follow-up and used the data collected in our previous study, including the Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II (BSID-II) at the first follow-up. Results: The mean total KABC-II quotient was $117.0{\pm}14.4$. The 5-minute Apgar score (${\beta}=.29$, p=.006), hemoglobin level (${\beta}=.22$, p=.032), and the mental development index quotient of the BSID-II (${\beta}=.51$, p<.001) were statistically significant predictors of the KABC-II quotient in multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusion: The cognitive function of young children born prematurely was influenced by early neurodevelopment and factors reflecting their health status, such as anemia and a low 5-minute Apgar score.

• 아동학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.199-213
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• 2012

This study was conducted in order to identify the relationship between the home literacy activities, mothers' verbal behavior, toddler-mother joint attention and the language-cognitive development of toddlers. The language-cognitive development of toddlers was assessed by means of the Mental Scale from the Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II). The home literacy activities were measured by means of the questionnaire used by You (2009), which was partly modified from Shapiro (1979). Lee & Kim (2004)'s categories was used to observe the mothers' verbal behaviors during shared book reading; joint attention episodes were observed by classification categories for engagement condition (Bakeman & Adamson, 1984). One of the more important conclusions of this study is our suggestion that mothers' verbal behaviors and the toddler-mother coordinated joint attention were significantly related to the language-cognitive development of toddlers as it takes place within low-income families.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2018

Purpose: This prospective study aimed to examine the development of premature infants at 12 and 24 months and to explore the factors related to their development. Methods: Of the 80 premature infants who were recruited, 52 participants at 12 months and 31 participants at 24 months were included in this study. The development of the infants was examined using the Korean Bayley scale of infant development-II. Postnatal depression, husband's support, social support, mother-infant attachment, and the home environment were assessed using self-report questionnaires completed by the mothers and through the researcher's observations. Results: There was significant difference between normal and delay group at psychomotor development at 12 months depending on social support at 6 months (t=2.03, p=.049). Mother-infant attachment at 6 months (r=.71, p<.001), 12 months (r=.37, p=.043), and 24 months (r=.40, p=.026), as well as social support (r=.38, p=.034) and the home environment (r=.41, p=.022) at 24 months, were correlated to mental development at 24 months. There was a significant positive correlation between mother-infant attachment at 6 months and psychomotor development at 24 months (r=.40, p=.046). Conclusion: To reduce the risk of developmental delay and to promote healthy development in premature infants, early nursing interventions targeting mother-infant attachment, the home environment, and the mother's social support structure are needed.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of cognitive development and motor development in children with developmental delays. Subjects were 43 children with a mean corrected age of 19.19 month (SD=7.48). The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and the Bayley Scale of Infant Development-second edition (BSID-II) were administered to the total children. Statistical analysis was done by paired t-test and Pearson correlation, using SPSS software. The results were as follows: 1) Most of the children with developmental delays showed statistical delays on the mental scale rather than on the motor scale. 2) The correlation coefficients of cognitive performance and motor performance were ranged between r=.38 and r=.83 in children with developmental delays. 3) Lower motor performance showed significant association with lower cognitive score. The findings suggest that cognitive and motor performance in children with developmental delays was significantly correlated.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the tolerability and effect of early high-dose amino acid administration in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs). Methods: This retrospective cohort study included ELBWI (birth weight <1,000 g, n=142). Biochemical, nutritional, and neurodevelopmental data were compared between infants who received conventional low amino acid (LAA; 1.5 g/kg/day) and those who received high amino acid (HAA; 3 g/kg/day) within the first 48 hours after birth. Neurodevelopmental data included weight, height, and head circumference at discharge, 12 to 14 and 18 to 24 months of corrected age and the Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II) score at 18 to 24 months of corrected age. Results: The HAA group demonstrated higher peak plasma albumin ($3.0{\pm}0.4$ vs. $3.2{\pm}0.5$, P<0.05) and lower serum creatinine ($1.7{\pm}0.9$ vs. $1.4{\pm}0.8$, P<0.05) during the first 14 days than the LAA group. Full enteral feeding was achieved significantly earlier in infants in the HAA group than in infants in the LAA group ($46.2{\pm}23.0days$ vs. $34.3{\pm}21days$, P<0.01). There was no difference between the two groups in the z score changes in all growth indicators from birth to discharge and at 12 to 14 and 18 to 24 months of corrected age, as well as in the K-BSID-II score at 18 to 24 months of corrected age. Conclusion: Aggressive administration of amino acids during the first 2 days of life in ELBWI was well tolerated and correlated with earlier full enteral feeding, but did not improve growth and neurodevelopment.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2016

Purpose: The study was done to investigate behavioral problems in toddlers who were born prematurely and to analyze related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional explorative study was conducted with 72 preterm birth (PTB) children at 24 to 41 months of corrected age who were born at 28 to 37 weeks' gestation. During home visits, behavior problems were assessed using the Behavior Rating Index for Children (BRIC). Using a BRIC score of ${\geq}30$, children with suspected behavior problems were grouped in the non-regular behavior group. Results: Of the children, 38.9% belong to the non-regular behavior group. The mental development index score for the Korean-Bayley Scale of Infant Development- II was higher for the non-regular behavior group compared to the regular behavior group (t=2.26, p=.027). Logistic regression analysis showed that lower maternal attachment (<96, OR=3.4, 95% CI[1.1, 10.4]) and higher parenting stress (${\geq}97$, OR=4.8, 95% CI[1.3, 17.3]) were independently related to non-regular behavior. Conclusion: PTB Toddlers are at risk for behavior problems which are associated with low cognitive performance. Maternal-child attachment and maternal parenting stress were strongly related to behavior problems in these children. More attention is needed to understand possible behavior problems in young children with PTB, particularly focusing on maternal-child interaction and maternal mental well-being.