• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.145-155
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• 2013

This study investigated the articulatory characteristics of Korean singleton and geminate sonorants in the word-medial position, effects of the duration of the sonorant consonant and the preceding vowel on perception, and the difference between native Korean speakers and foreign learners of Korean in perceiving the singleton and geminate consonant contrast. The Korean sonorant consonants(/m, n, l/) are examined from the VCCV, VCV sequences through speech production and perception experiments. The results suggest that the duration of the sonorant consonant is the most important factor for native Korean speakers to recognize whether sonorants are overlapped, and the duration of preceding vowel and other factors affect the recognition of singleton/geminate consonant contrast if the duration is not obvious. A perception experiment showed Chinese Korean language learners did not clearly distinguish singleton consonants from geminate consonants. The results of this study provide basic data for recognition of singleton/geminate consonant contrast in word-medial of Korean language, and can be utilized for teaching Korean pronunciation as a foreign language.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.25
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• pp.295-338
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• 1996

The findings from this study are summarized as follows : 1. It is questionable to define the term "Hanja" as "the Chinese Character used independently or used along with Hangul. 2. It is found to be a problem that the validity and objectivity in the selection of Hanja are lacking. 3. It is also a problem that there is neither principles nor consistency in styling of characters. 4. The system of arrangement has problems, too. The adoption of arrangement of Hanja by its Korean pronunciation results in lots of errors and mistakes. Besides, mistaken strokes and radicals produced considerable errors in the arrangement of Hanja. 5. The omission of the abbreviated Hanja in the Code can be considered to neglect the current trend of increased use of them. 6. The issue concerned with the Japanese-origin Hanja is that several number of Hanja deemed unnecessary are included.y are included.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.206-210
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• 2014

음성언어처리 기술의 발전과 외국어로서의 한국어 교육에 대한 관심이 커지면서 컴퓨터를 활용한 언어교육 (CALL) 기반의 한국어 학습 시스템에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 학습자의 모국어와 학습언어의 대조 분석은 양 언어의 유사점과 차이점을 찾아내어 학습자들이 무엇을 학습해야 하고, 학습자들이 보이는 오류가 어떤 것인지 판단할 수 있는 중요한 자료를 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 중국인 학습자를 위한 컴퓨터 기반 한국어 학습 시스템 개발을 위해서 선행연구의 대조분석과 실험 결과를 정리하고, 이를 토대로 중국어 학습자들이 보일 수 있는 분절음 발음 변이 양상을 예측한다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2011

Brand names are often considered as a part of product and important extrinsic cues of product evaluation, when consumers make purchasing decisions. For a company, brand names are also important assets. Building a strong brand name in the Chinese commonwealth is a main challenge for many global companies. One of the first problem global company has to face is how to translate English brand name into Chinese brand name. It is very difficult decision because of cultural and linguistic differences. Western languages are based on an alphabet phonetic system, whereas Chinese are based on ideogram. Chinese speakers are more likely to recall stimuli presented as brand names in visual rather than spoken recall, whereas English speakers are more likely to recall the names in spoken rather than in visual recall. We interpret these findings in terms of the fact that mental representations of verbal information in Chinese are coded primarily in a visual manner, whereas verbal information in English is coded by primarily in a phonological manner. A key linguistic differences that would affect the decision to standardize or localize when transferring English brand name to Chinese brand name is the writing system. Prior Chinese brand naming research suggests that popular Chinese naming translations foreign companies adopt are phonetic, semantic, and phonosemantic translation. The phonetic translation refers to the speech sound that is produced, such as the pronunciation of the brand name. The semantic translation involves the actual meaning of and association made with the brand name. The phonosemantic translation preserves the sound of the brand name and brand meaning. Prior brand naming research has dealt with word-level analysis in examining English brand name that are desirable for improving memorability. We predict Chinese brand name suggestiveness with different translation methods lead to different levels of consumers' evaluations. This research investigates the structural linguistic characteristics of the Chinese language and its impact on the brand name evaluation. Otherwise purpose of this study is to examine the effect of brand concept on the evaluation of brand name. We also want to examine whether the evaluation is moderated by Chinese translation types. 178 Taiwanese participants were recruited for the research. The following findings are from the empirical analysis on the hypotheses established in this study. In the functional brand concept, participants in Chinese translation by semantic were likely to evaluate positively than Chinese translation by phonetic. On the contrary, in the symbolic brand concept condition, participants in Chinese translation by phonetic evaluated positively than by semantic. And then, we found Chinese translation by phonosemantic was most favorable evaluations regardless of brand concept. The implications of these findings are discussed for Chinese commonwealth marketers with respect to brand name strategies. The proposed model helps companies to effectively select brand name, making it highly applicable for academia and practitioner. name and brand meaning. Prior brand naming research has dealt with word-level analysis in examining English brand name that are desirable for improving memorability. We predict Chinese brand name suggestiveness with different translation methods lead to different levels of consumers' evaluations. This research investigates the structural linguistic characteristics of the Chinese language and its impact on the brand name evaluation. Otherwise purpose of this study is to examine the effect of brand concept on the evaluation of brand name. We also want to examine whether the evaluation is moderated by Chinese translation types. 178 Taiwanese participants were recruited for the research. The following findings are from the empirical analysis on the hypotheses established in this study. In the functional brand concept, participants in Chinese translation by semantic were likely to evaluate positively than Chinese translation by phonetic. On the contrary, in the symbolic brand concept condition, participants in Chinese translation by phonetic evaluated positively than by semantic. And then, we found Chinese translation by phonosemantic was most favorable evaluations regardless of brand concept. The implications of these findings are discussed for Chinese commonwealth marketers with respect to brand name strategies. The proposed model helps companies to effectively select brand name, making it highly applicable for academia and practitioner.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.149-161
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyse the revised contents of the history class in the Korean Decimal Classification(KDC), 5th edition, and then identify problems and propose the revised contents for the KDC, 6the edition. Major analysed areas are divided into four. First, geographic area table is discussed. It includes extension of the geographic area table, emphasis of hierarchical structure in the geographical area, revision of North Korean geographical names, extension of subgeographical structure of major nations in the world, and revision of nations in the central and west Asia. Second, Korean time period is extended. Third, the notes of entries of the Chinese and Japanese history areas are shorten. Fourth, the geographical and personal names are changed their native pronunciation, specially Chinese and Japanese. For the revision of the KDC, 6th edition, four areas are discussed: first, Korean geographic areas would be categorized by broaden area, second, the areas are arranged from the capital of the nation to others, third, foreign geographical names would be used their native names, and last, time period would be categorized by years.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.289-293
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• 1996

In Korean, as with Kana and Kanji in Japanese, two kinds of word-writing systems--Hangul (the Korean alphabet) and Hanja (the Chinese character; Kanji in Japanese)--have been and still are being used. Hangul is phonetic while Hanja is ideographic. A phonetic alphabet represents the pronunciation of words, wheras ideographs are where a character of a writing system represents a concept. Aphasics suffer from language disorders following brain damage. The reading and writing of Hangul and Hanja by two Korean Broca's aphasics were analyzed with two goals. The first goal was to confirm the functional autonomy of reading and writing systems in the brain that has been argued by other researchers. The second goal was to reveal what difference the subjects show in reading and writing Hangul and Hanja. As experimental materials, 50 monosyllabic words were chosen in Hangul and Hanja respectively. The 50 word pairs of Hangul and Hanja have the same meaning and are also the most familiar monosyllabic words for a group of normal adults in their fifties and sixties. The errors that the aphasic subjects made in performing the experimental materials are analyzed and discussed here. This analysis has confirmed that reading and writing systems are located in different parts in the brain. Furthemore, it seems clear that the two writing systems of Hangul and Hanja have their own respective processes.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.4
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• pp.211-224
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• 1998

This study is research about coinage and interpretation of Japanese Menus in luxury hotels in Seoul. Japanese Menus consist of three categories. These can be expressed A+B+C groupings. A represents Ingredients, C represents the cooking method, while B shows the name of a region(B1), the seasoning(B2), and a word that expresses the shape of the food(B3), etc. B can be flexible in meaning. However, the setting, A+B+C, is not always used strictly for these category meanings. Ingredients, A, is sometimes used independently(ex, ぃくとろろ), and at other times B1 + C, B2 + C or B3 + C are used. Sometimes A+C is used without B. The most general expression is Ingredients + the method for cooking(A+C Type). By knowing the menu description the food type and cooking method can be discovered. Most concrete method is Ingredients + procedure for seasoning + cooking method(A+B2+C Type) show how something is made and what kind of seasoning. This method is frequently used for roasted dishes with seasoning. Food which is expressed by A, Ingredients, does not require a complicated cooking process and is fixed by a conventional cooking process without any explanation ; delicacies(珍味), an hors d'oeuvres(前菜), sushi(Japanese vinegared rice delicacies) and sliced raw fish. There are two obstacles in interpreting Japanese Menus. First, we cannot look up the menu words easily in a dictionary because the mixing of Chinese Characters and the pronunciation of them differs from Korean chinese characters. Secondly, the names of Japanese food are inserted with a name of a place or another symbolic word, so they sometimes cannot be translated. We should offer various and accurate information for foreign customers because various Non-Japanese people use these restaurants frequently. This will enable them to enjoy themselves more comfortably. Therefore, you should decide the words carefully and provide an explanation about the complicated parts of the Menu when you work with Menu copywriter.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2004

T. Nakai, who wrote Flora of Koreana vol. II in 1911, cited V. L. Komarov's collections and listed more than 120 specimens with ca. 65 localities. All collection sites cited were described in the Romanized characters based on the Russian pronunciation. Therefore, it is very difficult to pinpoint those sites using the current or old version of Korean map. From this study, many names were reviewed based on other studies (both the Russian version and the Japanese translated version) and records (e.g. specimen label) and presented based on the current provinces with local names, the Chinese character, the GPS data and the first page of citation.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.27
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• pp.255-289
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• 2012

In the course of completing a National Research Foundation project, I recently found that a handwritten Korean manuscript of The Tale of Mei Fei is kept in the Adan Collection, which is a significant scholarly discovery given that no relevant research is available. The editions of the Tale of Mei Fei available in Korea include ${\ll}$藝苑?華${\gg}$ edition, ${\ll}$說?${\gg}$ edition, and the handwritten manuscript in Korean collected in the Adan Collection. Being the only handwritten Korean translation of the work, the Tale of Mei Fei in the Adan Collection was appended by the translations of ${\ll}$한셩뎨됴비연합덕젼${\gg}$ and ${\ll}$당고종무후뎐${\gg}$. As for the practice of translation of the work, literal "word to word" translation was done for the most part of the text; some sentences were occasionally translated liberally. Also, as for the poems in the text, pronunciation of each Chinese character was provided along with the translated text.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.46
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• pp.355-377
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• 2017

Compared with other Altaic languages, Japanese and Korean languages are much closer to each other in grammar, and also to Ryukyuan language. According to the literature, Korean people are the first foreigners to record Ryukyuan language in a written form. In the passage "pronunciation interpreting the Ryukyuan Kingdom" from A Journey to the Eastern Countries (1512), Korean people perfectly preserved the pronunciation and meanings of words and sentences in Ryukyuan language in both Korean and Chinese languages, which is an extremely valuable material. Unfortunately, the later time period witnessed stagnation after a prominent beginning. In order to clarify the language family to which Korean belongs to, it is necessary to thoroughly compare Korean language with Japanese and Ryukyuan languages. Different from lexis, grammar underwent a slow and gradual process of variation. A comparative study of the three languages can provide strong evidence for defining the language family of Korean. Based on this rationale, this paper starts from the comparison of grammar elements of these three languages, aiming at case markers including the nominative case markers and the accusative case markers, and observes the procedures and functions diachronically. Based on the examples from the medieval data, it is found that the nominative case markers and the accusative case markers of these three languages vary from each other in forms and origins. Although they show some similarities in functions, it can be conjectured that there is no cognate for the three languages in the history.