• 무역학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.109-130
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• 2018

원산지결정기준 중 하나인 누적기준은 원산지결정기준을 완화 할 수 있는 방안으로 특정 조건들을 충족했을 때 비원산지재료도 원산지재료로 인정해주는 규정이다. 한-캐나다 FTA에서는 자동차 품목의 경우 기존의 일반적인 누적기준이 아닌 교차누적기준을 적용하였다. 이는 원산지결정기준의 확장과 편리함을 위한 것으로 제3국의 원재료나 중간재에도 원산지자격을 부여한다. 본 논문에서는 한-캐나다 FTA 발효 이전과 이후 교차누적의 대상 품목인 84, 85, 87, 94류의 대미자동차 부품 수입액의 변화의 여부를 실증분석하고 교차누적의 실효성을 살펴보았다. 분석대상은 각 류에서 자동차 부품으로 지정된 품목만 선택하여 분석하였는데 분석대상 품목 35개 품목 중 21개 품목에서 유의한 변화가 나타났다. 2015년 1월 기준으로 수입액이 단기적으로 큰 폭으로 증가하였거나, 추세적 증가율이 전보다 상승한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 교차누적의 도입으로 우리나라 자동차 수출기업들이 한-캐나다 FTA의 교차누적을 활용하고 있음을 반증하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 또한 수출확대와 시장확보를 위해 FTA 체결 시 교차누적의 도입을 적극적으로 검토할 필요성이 있다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.21-41
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• 2022

The effect of change in exchange rates on an economy is very important, especially, to a small open economy like South Korea. I explore whether Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have positive influences on exchange rate-pass through import price of import market for fishery products in South Korea. Competition among FTA partners is enhanced after FTAs are effective. I expect that the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through (hereafter, ERPT) into import price of fishery products (in terms of Korea currency) would be reduced since the import market for fishery products in South Korea is an oligopolistic market. Specifically, I investigate two research questions with six South Korea's FTA partners-Norway, Thailand, Peru, U.S., China and Vietnam. First, whether the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through into import price of fishery products from six FTA partners would decrase in the post-FTA era; seconds, the size of reduction has a negative relation with the size of their market share in the import market for fishery products in South Korea if it decreases. The empirical results indicate that the degree of ERPT into import price from other FTA partners than Norway has been reduced after FTA, statistically and significantly; however, I do not find the evidence that the size of reduction is related to their market share. The findings in this study imply that FTAs have negative effects on producers' economic welfare in South Korea's fishery industry by reducing the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through as well as reducing tariff barriers.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.223-238
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• 2020

In the environment of protectionism and bilateral trade agreements, Korea has promoted the conclusion of FTAs for its export-oriented trading policy, and 16 FTAs have entered into force at present. The main goal of this paper is to introduce the ISI system and its benefits and to extend the preferential rule of origin regime by using the Integrated Sourcing Initiative in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations. The ISI illustrates with impressive clarity the fact that it considered as a tool of expanding the geographic limit of states and maximizing the global sourcing strategy of multinational corporations, allowing the developing countries to gain access to the market of developed ones that avoid the complexity and costs of many rules of origin regimes. This paper utilizes the literature research and analyzes a case study of FTAs which have adopted the ISI system. In conclusion, it presents several implications of additional measures to satisfy rules of origin in Korea's existing FTAs relating to the global supply chain strategy.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.905-916
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze factors affecting US beef consumption intention in the future, to identify the causes of US beef import growth and to derive implications and strategies for domestic beef producers. Since the KORUS FTA was signed in 2012, US beef imports in 2017 totaled 379,064 tons, an annual increase of 3.5 percent. US beef imports have been steadily increasing due to cuts in FTA tariffs and changes in consumer preferences. The data used in this study utilized a sample of 3,290 grocery purchasers from the Korea Rural Economic Institute's 2016 Food Consumption Behavior Survey. The analytical method used the Ordered Logit Model to analyze what factors influence a consumer's subjective evaluation. As a result, the major factors affecting US beef consumption intention in the future are price, taste and safety. In particular, it has to do with the recent surge in U.S. imports of good-tasting chilled meat. Because chilled meat does not differentiate the market from Hanwoo beef produced in Korea, it is necessary to have differentiated taste and low price through cost reduction. By age and family group, people aged 30 - 40 years and single-person households are the main consumption group. As a result of this study, it is necessary to establish marketing strategies for producers such as rational pricing, safety, taste promotion, and small-scale sales to extend the demand for Hanwoo beef in the younger generation to enhance the competitiveness of the domestic beef market.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.978-987
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• 2015

This study investigates the awareness levels of Korean textile companies and develops appropriate response plans for the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement. The study also explores practical and realistic directions that the Korean textile industry must initiate. A qualitative study was conducted on 10 individuals for a more in-depth and demonstrative understanding that provide a better awareness on the responses of the textile industry towards the Korea-US FTA. The results of this study are as follows. First, the effect of the Korea-US FTA on the textile industry was insignificant. Second, industry members determined that fabric sectors and specialized fabrics (such as industrial materials and finished clothing products) could realize benefits through the Korea-US FTA. Third, industry members emphasize that the current focus is on FTAs by countries that have solidified their positions as manufacturing and sewing bases for the US and Europe (such as Southeast Asia) and not the Korea-US FTA. Based on results acquired through this study, the response measures to enter the U.S. market are as follows. First, the industry must develop high-performance and high value-adding direct export products suited to the needs of the US market in order to realize the benefits of the Korea-US FTA. Second, the industry and government must cooperate to actively host and participate in overseas trade shows that can actively open sales channels within the US. Third, the self-sustainability of textile companies must be cultivated through continuous and focused government training.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제77권
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• pp.239-258
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the legal standards of agreements on the origin of liability and the relevant laws in Korea, to suggest implications for custom authorities and traders wishing to benefit from preferential tariff via FTA, citing the excluded cases of related FTA preferences (court cases and administrative judgments). In order to examine the provisions related to supporting evidence of the origin of liability in FTA, we examined FTAs agreed between Korea and EU, EFTA, ASEAN, U.S., and India relevant to FTA Special Customs Act, court cases and administrative judgements. If verifying the origin to protect the fair trade order impedes to promote utilizing FTA, solutions will need to be suggested. If FTA preference is exempted due to verifying the origin by the import customs authorities, the importer shall pay the income tax calculated in accordance with the general tax rate. This is because the certificate of origin confirmed during verification process is different from the actual origin. In most agreements, the exporter (the producer) shall issue the certificate of origin and since the importer has no other option than obtaining the certificate of origin from the exporter, it may face consequences such as declined credibility from the custom authorities in addition to being disqualified for FTA preferential, if the certificate of origin received from the exporter has flaws. On the other hand, the exporter cannot help but being punished by the customs authorities due to issuing defective origin certificates, but it doesn't have conventionary liabilities for damages incurred to the importer. As a result, importers are forced to pursue legal proceedings to claim damages to exporters or to give up FTA preference. As FTA is increasingly utilized, the number and amount of origin verification in Korea has continuously been increasing while administrative judgements indicates other FTA exporters doesn't seem to gain any support in utilizing FTA like Korea does. It has been 8 years since full-scale supports in FTA launched and now is the time to introduce more efficient and intensive FTA support system In this regard, it is desirable to conduct comprehensive verification on export Next, an institutions that assures FTA-based exports should be established in order to compensate the importer's damages that may occur from disqualified certificate of origin issued by the exporter.

• 중국학논총
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• 제72호
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• pp.101-122
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• 2021

Over the past 20 years, labor standards have been widely used in free trade agreements. The U.S., the European Union and China have all aggressively signed free trade agreements with their trading partners, developing different styles on labor standards. According to the study, the implementation of the KOREa-EU FREE trade agreement has been hampered by ongoing disputes over the terms of the FREE trade agreement and the ILO since the korea-EU free trade agreement was signed. Because in order to break this deadlock, relevant scholars have done a lot of research, but mainly focused on the economic and trade field. Therefore, this paper for the first time systematically studies the substantive focus of disputes over FTA and ILO clauses, and carefully analyzes the domestic law amended by South Korea, and provides suggestions and inspirations for China by drawing lessons from the revision model of South Korea's domestic law. This is from a newperspective: the essence of the korea-EU FTA and ILO disputes is the conflict between international law and domestic law, and the conflict between free trade agreements and human rights protection. It holds that the essence of disputes should be sorted out from the perspective of legal principles and human rights protection, and the free trade and human rights protection should be actively coordinated. In order to make China more actively integrate into the international economy, China should adopt a positive attitude to revise and perfect its own laws, so as to realize the purpose of common development of international trade and human rights protection.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.287-307
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• 2013

각 국가의 부패행위방지를 위한 제도적 혹은 법적인 노력은 국내차원을 넘어서 국제통상과 국제비즈니스에서도 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 그 대표적인 예가 미국의 연방법인 해외부패방지법(FCPA)이다. 지난 10년간 미 법무부는 해외부패방지법의 관할권을 끊임없이 확장하여 이제는 미국증권거래소에 등록된 한국기업도 그 영역 안에 들어가게 되었다. 또 다른 예는 투명성을 다룬 한미 FTA 협정문 제 21 장중에서 특히 부패방지에 대한 조항인 제 21.6 조다. 한미 FTA로 인해 우리 기업의 대미수출뿐만 아니라 미국 내 법인설립 및 대미투자도 크게 증가할 것을 예상하면 앞으로 더 많은 한국 기업이 미국 해외부패방지법이나 한미 FTA 제 21.6 조의 관할권에 들어갈 것으로 전망된다. 미국 해외부패방지법과 한미 FTA 제 21.6 조는 부패방지라는 공통된 목적이 있으나 그 내용에 있어서 유사점과 차이점을 보인다. 따라서 본 연구는 두 가지 법을 비교분석하여 우리 기업의 부패행위방지를 위한 가이드라인의 초석 마련에 기여하는 것에 그 목적을 둔다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.373-394
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• 2009

As Korea-EU FTA has established, the strategy and counteractive measures of Japan have been rising. EU accounts for 33% of GDP and has a lot of population, which makes up 7.1% in the world. Besides, it has a great market, which, amounts to 4.3 trillion. Japanese government indicated that as Korea has established FTA with the U.S.A. and has negotiated with EU, the necessity to cope with in the field of automobile, machinery, and appliances is urgent. To recognize competitive areas in the market of EU between Korea and Japan, this paper focuses that we need to notice Japan's access toward EU and the present situation about trade and customs. Second, it investigates that Japan is in competitive with Korea in which kind of industrial area.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore ways of improving the motor vehicles safety certification system in preparation for the deployment of Lv.4 or higher autonomous vehicles. In order to effectively achieve the objectives of this study, theoretical and empirical research methodologies were employed, including literature review of prior research, government-published data, etc.; comparative research on legislative cases of other countries regarding motor vehicles safety certification; historical and legal research on domestic systems; legal analysis to explore approaches for improvement, etc. Some argue that the type approval system is needed in preparation for deploying autonomous vehicles, but there are several limitations in moving to the type approval system from the self-certification system currently adopted in Korea. First, there is a possibility that the system may be in conflict with the Korea-U.S. MOU regarding Foreign Motor Vehicles (1988) and the Korea-U.S. FTA (2011); second, there is a risk of undermining the cause of the self-certification system, which is the autonomy of manufacturers; third, the boundary between autonomous vehicles and non-autonomous vehicles is unclear; and fourth, the type approval system may hinder technological competitiveness. On the other hand, considering that the Korea-U.S. FTA and the UNECE IWVTA recognize exceptions to deal with road safety and risks to human health or the environment, and have a pre-certification system for some auto parts such as pressure-resistant containers, it can be said that there is room to introduce the type approval system for supplementation purposes. To improve the motor vehicles safety certification system while ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles of Lv.4 or higher, the targets of type approval should be defined and the criteria, procedures, etc. for type approval should be established. At the same time, the consistency between motor vehicle-related laws and harmonization with international standards need to be considered.