• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.38
• /
• pp.303-325
• /
• 2008

China's "Foreign Trade law" 16.4 revised in 2004 like "Foreign Trade law" 16.2 in 1994 is still stipulated resource restriction to protect domestic resources and it does not satisfy the introduction of article 20 and section (g) of GATT 1994. Through an interpretation of related regulations and China-EU cokes dispute, the paper points out that China's "Foreign Trade law" 16.4 has no validity of the introduction of article 20 and section (g) of GATT 1994. Comparing China's "Foreign Trade law" 16.4 to GATT 1994 20(g), China's "Foreign Trade law" 16.4 does not include important conditions of GATT 1994 20 introduction such as not being arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination and disguised restriction on international trade. For example, based upon China's "Foreign Trade law" , if she restricts or prohibits important natural resources that Korea mainly relies on China, it will effects not only trade between two countries but also our lives and securities. Hence, it is highly time to analyze China's the Validity of the China's Resource Export-Quota Restrictive Measures under the GATT/WTO. In the process of resolving China-EU cokes dispute in 2004, ministry of Commerce of China shows well its characteristics of dispute settlement and also we can find out EU's logical countermeasures. Therefore, because of the high possibility of disputes between Korea and China in the area of natural resources, Korea needs to pay attention to the China's resource protecting policies, and if it violates GATT 1994 20 introduction and (g), we should consider to sue China to WTO. The paper believes that it will play an important role as an aggressive demand and effect on amendment of China's "Foreign Trade law" in the long term.

• Strategy21
• /
• s.36
• /
• pp.59-93
• /
• 2015

A Paradigm shift is in process in China's foreign policies during Xi Jinping's era. Such changes occur with changing national identities from developing country to great power, and from continental power to continental-maritime power. China's pursuit for sea power embraces its global strategy. Accommodating the new identity of maritime power, China is developing its maritime strategy. New silk-road strategy actively utilizes China's advantage in economy, while avoiding direct military challenges against the U.S. China seeks an associated balance of power with the U.S. On the other hand, China make its determination clear to protect its core national interests, particularly Taiwan straits issue, deploying Anti-Access and Area-Denial strategy. 'Pax-Americana 3.0' and 'China's rise 2.0' have convoluted and evolved in complexity. South Korea faces much tougher challenges ahead in its foreign and security environments.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2012

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Korea-China free trade agreement(FTA) on Korea's fisheries trade using the partial equilibrium analysis model of Feenstra(1995). The study tries to show the impact on trade flows and welfare of the elimination of tariffs Korea-China FTA on Korea's fisheries sector among several scenarios of trade liberalization. The results of the study indicate that the increase of fisheries export to China is lower than that of fisheries import from China. Therefore Korea-China FTA results in the decrease of domestic of fisheries production even though total welfare effect is positive. The study suggest several policy proposals for soft-landing of Korea-China FTA on Korea's fisheries sector. One of them is to lengthen the term of tariff elimination to minimize the impact on domestic fisheries sectors.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.179-203
• /
• 2011

Currently, the most common form of regional economic integration is FTA (Free Trade Area), which is formed by two countries or more as either a bilateral or multilateral agreement. A proposed FTA between Korea and China recently has been re-focused after China concluded its ECFA (Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement) with Taiwan in June 2010. By May 2010, China was the No.1 export partner to Korea (as a Chinese No.2 import partner). Also, Korea and Taiwan trade structure to China is similar and competitive at the same time. So, China-Taiwan ECFA has a significant effect on the trade between China and Korea. As a result, it will hurt Korean industrial production and trade with China. Therefore, the progress and expected issue of a FT A between Korea and China which is prompting will be analyzed. In this situation, the final purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact on a Korea-China FTA Negotiation from the China-Taiwan ECFA.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.463-473
• /
• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the North Korea's net export to China and Liaoning on the North Korean economic growth. Design/methodology/approach - This study collects the data on the net export of North Korea to China and Liaoing from General Administration of Customs, People's Republic of China. Vector Autoregression(VAR) is also employed for the analysis. Findings - First, North Korea's net export to all of China and Liaoning gives the positive effect on North Korean economic growth. Second, the nuclear test of North Korea gives the negative effect on the North Korean economic growth. Third, the net export to China and Liaoning granger causes the North Korean economic growth. Lastly, the nuclear test of North Korea also granger causes the North Korean economic growth. Research implications or Originality - The estimation results show the net export of North Korea to China as well as Liaoning is important to the economic growth. Therefore, we need to examine North Korea's trades with specific region as well as all of China in order to enhance the North Korean economic growth.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.19-37
• /
• 2014

This study is to focus on the status of implementation of bilateral-fishery order based on the Korea-China fisheries agreement and aims to improve fisheries relationship between two countries. Korea-China Fisheries Agreement entered into force in 2001, and serves as a basic framework of the bilateral fisheries order. However, the fishing order between Korea and China has the following limitations. First, it is standstill of joint response for a practical resource management. Second, there are still gaps between the quotas of mutual accord fishing and fishing operation work performance. Third, China's illegal fishing is taking place consistently. Fourth, the effective cooperation between two countries in fisheries is not carried out. Finally, the Korea has faced difficult situations to adhere to a balanced position in the fishery negotiations due to conflicting positions on China and Japan. In order to solve these problems, the fishing order between Korea and China will be able to maintain the competitiveness of Korean fishery sector by reinforcing Korea's fishing sovereignty, Korea and China, based on trust and cooperation, will make efforts to improve bilateral fisheries relations to maximize mutual benefit in fishery sector. Specifically, first, the two countries should strengthen the resources management based on the scientific research and the improvement of imbalance of the mutual agreed fishing in EEZ. Second, Korea has to achieve our targeted performance of fishing operation and establish a joint resources management system between two countries in the provisional measure zone. Third, Korea should implement to collect fisheries information about China fishing vessels which are operating in the EEZ of Korea. Finally, Korea and China should be building up effective governance framework for the establishment of fishing order.

• Strategy21
• /
• s.43
• /
• pp.175-199
• /
• 2018

Recent marine territorial disputes in the East China Sea and the South China Sea have come to us as a great threat. China, which has recently established the China Coast Guard and has rapidly developed maritime security forces, is trying to overcome the various conflict countries with its power. Japan is also strengthening intensively its maritime security forces. Since Korea, China, and Japan are geographically neighboring and sharing maritime space in Northeast Asia, there is no conflict between maritime jurisdiction and territorial rights among the countries. The struggle for initiative in the ocean is fierce among the three coastal nations in Northeast Asia. therefore, Korea needs more thorough preparation and response to protect the marine sovereignty. As the superpowers of China and Japan are confronted and the United States is involved in the balance of power in strategic purposes, the East Asian sea area is a place where tension and conflict environment exist. China's illegal fishing boats are constantly invading our waters, and they even threaten the lives of our police officers. The issue of delimiting maritime boundaries between Korea and China has yet to be solved, and is underway in both countries, and there is a possibility that the exploration activities of the continental shelf resources may collide as the agreement on the continental shelf will expire between Korea and Japan. On the other hand, conflicts in the maritime jurisdictions of the three countries in Korea, China and Japan are leading to the enhancement of maritime security forces to secure deterrence rather than military confrontation. In the situation where the unresolved sovereignty and jurisdiction conflicts of Korea, China and Japan continue, and the competition for the strengthening of the maritime powers of China and Japan becomes fierce, there is a urgent need for stabilization and enhancement of the maritime forces in our country. It is necessary to establish a new long-term strategy for enhancing the maritime security force and to carry out it. It is expected that the Korean Coast Guard, which once said that it was a model for the establishment of China's Coast Guard as a powerful force for the enforcement of the maritime law, firmly establishes itself as a key force to protect our oceans with the Navy and keeps our maritime sovereignty firmly.

• Strategy21
• /
• s.31
• /
• pp.142-163
• /
• 2013

Ieodo is a submerged rock within a Korea's Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) in the East China Sea with its most shallow part about 4.6m below the sea level which has no specific rights for the EEZ delimitation. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) stipulates that any coastal state has the rights to claim an EEZ that stretches up to 200 nautical miles from its shore, except where there is an overlap with a neighboring country's claims. Korea claims that Ieodo is within its EEZ as it sits on the Korean side of the equidistant line and the reef is located on the Korea section of the continental shelf. China does not recognize Korea's application of the equidistance principle and insists that Ieodo lies on its continental shelf. According to UNCLOS, Ieodo is located in international waters, rather than one country's EEZ as the two countries have failed to reach a final agreement over the delimitation of the maritime border. This study seeks to understand the evolution of the People's Liberation Army Navy(PLAN) strategy as main obstacles for the EEZ delimitation between Korea and China. PLAN's Strategy evolves from "coastal defense" to "offshore defence", since the late 1980s from a "coastal defence" strategy to an "offshore defence" strategy which would extend the perimeter of defence to between 200 nm and 400 nm from the coast. China's economic power has increased It's dependence on open trade routes for energy supplies and for its own imports and exports. China want secure Sea Lane. PLAN's "offshore defence" strategy combines the concept of active defence with the deployment of its military forces beyond its borders. China's navy try to forward base its units and to achieve an ocean going capability. China's navy expects to have a 'Blue Water' capability by 2050. China insists that coastal states do have a right under UNCLOS to regulate the activities of foreign military forces in their EEZs. China protests several times against US military forces operating within It's EEZ. The U.S. position is that EEZs should be consistent with customary international law of the sea, as reflected in UNCLOS. U.S. has a national interest in the preservation of freedom of navigation as recognized in customary international law of the sea and reflected in UNCLOS. U.S. insists that coastal states under UNCLOS do not have the right to regulate foreign military activities in their EEZs. To be consistent with its demand that the U.S. cease performing military operations in china's EEZ, China would not be able to undertake any military operations in the waters of South Korea's EEZ. As such, to preserve its own security interests, China prefers a status quo policy and used strategic ambiguity on the Ieodo issue. PLAN's strategy of coastal defence has been transformed into offensive defence, Korea's EEZ can be a serious limitation to PLAN's operational plan of activities. Considering China'a view of EEZs, China do not want make EEZ delimitation agreement between Korea and China. China argues that the overlapping areas between EEZs should be handled through negotiations and neither side can take unilateral actions before an agreement is reached. China would prefer Ieodo sea zone as a international waters, rather than one country's EEZ.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2015

This study is a comparative study on the Korean and Chinese elementary school mathematics curriculum. Korea and China have announced a new mathematics curriculum in 2011, and have recently carried out in the whole school year. Korea and China are the countries to manage the national curriculum. The comparison with China is significant because of the similarity of our tradition and culture. In addition, the influence of Chinese education has been increasing gradually. Thus, the curriculum comparison between China and Korea has a significant value. Through this study, I extract the significant implications of mathematics education in Korea. This study can be summarized as the following. First, I have analyzed the elementary mathematics curriculum document systems in Korea and China. Second, I compared the goals of mathematics education in Korea and China. Third, this study compared the content areas and learning in elementary school mathematics curriculum in Korea and China. Fourth, I have analyzed the teaching and learning methods and the assessment of Korea and China. Finally, we compared and analyzed the proposed points for action set out in elementary school mathematics curriculum courses in Korea and China. The results of this study are expected to provide significant implications for the new curriculum document structure and mathematical contents of Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2021

Logistics standardization not only stands for logistics industry competitiveness, but also it is core competitive power. And Logistics industry makes smooth the exchange of goods, service and information in improving economic efficiency. Logistics cooperation between Korea and China becomes important issue because it has strategic meaning for two countries' benefit. Korea and China should reform logistics standardization and cooperate each other. This study based on analysing the China's logistics standardization policy, and comparison of ywo countries' logistics standardization, explored the alternatives of its cooperation between Korea and China in the new perspective.