• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.123-144
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• 2017

The changing of clothes in Balagtas' 1860 fictional comedy La filipina elegante y negrito amante (The Elegant Filipina and the Amorous Negrito) is used to explore the ethnic, cultural, and sartorial diversity in 19^th century colonial Philippines. But, how does plurality in men's clothing reflect the socio-economic conditions of the late Spanish colonial period? This paper focuses on the diversity in Philippine men's clothing around 1850 to 1896, taking into account the limited range of colonial archetypes in iconographic and documentary sources. Underscoring the colonial culture that shaped mentalities and tendencies, this study offers insights on how clothing was used and how it was perceived in relation to the wearer. In discussing clothing diversity, distinctiveness was articulated using the work of J.A.B. Wiselius (1875), a Dutch colonial administrator in neighboring Indonesia, who in comparing Spanish and Dutch systems of colonial governance, underscored the Filipino penchant for imitation.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.5
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• pp.179-208
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• 2002

In this paper, I explained the dominating/dominated relationship of Japan and Colonized Korea by analysing the management system of official documents. I examined the theory and practices of the classification used by the office of the Governor-General for preserving official documents whose production and circulation ended. In summary, first, the office of the Governor-General and its municipal authorities classified and filed documents according to the nature and regulations on apportionment for the organizations. The apportionment of the central and local organs was not fixed through the colonial period and changed chronologically. The organization and apportionment of the central and local organs reflected the changes in the colonial policies. As a result, even in the same organs, the composition of documents had differences at different times. The essential way of classifying documents in the colonial period was to sort out official documents which should be preserved serially and successively according to each function of the colonial authorities. The filing of documents was taken place in the form of the direct reflection of organizing and apportioning of the function among several branches of the office of the Governor-General and other governmental organs. However, for the reason that filing documents was guided at the level of the organs, each organ's members responsible for documents hardly composed the filing unit as a sub-category of the organ itself. Second, Japan constructed the infrastructure of colonial rule through the management system of official documents. After Kabo Reform, the management system of official documents had the same principles as those of the Japan proper. The office of the Governor-General not only adopted several regulations on the management of official documents, but also controlled the arrangement and the situation of document managing in the local governmental organizations with the constant censorship. The management system of documents was fundamentally based on the reality of colonial rule and neglected many principles of archival science. For example, the office of Governor-General labelled many policy documents as classified and burnt them only because of the administrative and managerial purposes. Those practices were inherited in the document management system of post-colonial Korea and resulted in scrapping of official documents in large quantities because the system produced too many "classified documents".

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2015

This paper deals with architectural activities related to Korean society in Jichang district in North East China, focused on the articles of Manseon-ilbo published there during the Japanese colonial period. Construction-related contents in the area closely connected with topical interest, publicity, and enlightenment as a local media source provide positive grounds about pending issues in colonial situations. This paper handles with articles issued in the 1940's newspapers just before the Pacific War. At that time Japanese enter in the Chinese continent, and construct a stable basis in the intimate association with Germany and Italy, countering against the United State. Among articles regarding architecture, most of contents are based on healthcare and public facilities, and urban planning. Overwhelmingly the most popular articles are about new constructions of educational facilities and residential matters. The shortage of goods and the excessive concentration of population resulted in urban and house problems, which were particularly much more serious in Korea society. Such social atmosphere made all activities regarding building constructions, in particular educational facilities, in civil level rather than the helps of the Japanese colonial government. Thus, through education and house matters we can read a slice of Korean society to survive in the colonial environment of Jichang district.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

The numerous changes made during the Japanese colonial rule became the basis of the current housing in Korea. Therefore, in order to understand the modern Korean housing, it is essential to understand what the Korean traditional life styles admitted or changed, and how the foreign culture of that time influenced the Korean housing under the Japanese colonial rule. Content analysis through literature review was utilized for the study, and specific sources were research papers, books, magazines, newspapers, and novels. The period during the Japanese invasion was the most active era of modernization in the Korean history. For the housing culture, especially, it can be considered as the most significant period that accepted new housing cultures that replaced the old traditional housing. The Japanese and the Western styles of housing were introduced, new materials and collective production methods were used, and the symbol of the current urban housing in Korea, multi-family dwelling, was constructed. In conclusion, the Koreans did not directly use the Japanese and western housing culture, which were constructed during the Japanese colonial period. They were adapted and altered into Korean style, and eventually, produced various eclectic housing styles.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2014

Objective : Understanding the state of sanitation policy during the period of Japanese colonization of Korea. Method : Analyze 'Slang on hygiene practices' found in Korean medical journal "ChoSunEuiHakGye" that published in the period of Japanese colonization. And analyze articles that were same theme. Results : Japanese colonial policy regards the colony people's old adage of health as outrageous things. Japanese colonial police demands don't use old adage of health because it is obstruction to colonial hygiene policy. Conclusion : The Japanese occupation health administration led by the Japanese police considered Korean people as significant. And they regarded old adage of health as harmful habits. In addition, the knowledge derived from traditional Korean medicine was turned away outrageous things. Traditional Korean medicine knowledge lost the chance of renewal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.651-670
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• 2019

This study examined the status of food specialties in Korea during the Japanese colonial period through 『Specialities of Joseon (朝鮮の特産)』. The book recorded a total of 164 areas and 317 specialties, focusing on five railway lines and branch lines on the Gyeongbu, Honam, Gyeongui, Gyeongwon, and Hamgyeong. Among the specialities, 211 species were included, excluding overlapping ones. The food specialties accounted for 100 kinds in 159 regions or 47.4 percent of the specialties. There were 47 food specialties in 47 areas of the Gyeongbu Line, 21 food specialties in 20 areas of the Honam Line, 32 food specialties in 40 areas of the Gyeongui Line, 26 food specialties in 15 areas of the Gyeongwon Line, and 33 food specialties in 42 areas of the Hamgyeong Line. Among the specialties, the amount of fish and their workpiece was overwhelmingly the largest. Next came processed goods of fruits, grains, and vegetables. In modern factories, corn, tomatoes, blueberries, and sardines were made of processed goods. Factories have been constructed for glass noodles, sugar, and soju. Specialities and processed goods produced in each region were brought to Japan during the Japanese colonial period.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-31
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• 2024

The study primarily aims to examine the characteristics of the transition from natural landscape to modern agricultural landscape on the Daesan plain in Dong-myeon, Changwon-si, in the lower reaches of the Nakdong River. The periods covered in the transition include the late Joseon Dynasty, the early Japanese colonial period, and the late Japanese colonial period. The study concluded the following: It was found that the Daesan Plain used to function as a hydrophilic landscape before it formed into a rural landscape. This is characterized by the various water resources in the Plain, primarily by the Nakdong River, with its back marsh tributaries, the Junam Reservoir and Jucheon. To achieve its recent form, the Daesan Plain was subjected to human trial and error. Through installation of irrigation facilities such as embankments and sluices, the irregularly-shaped wetlands were transformed into large-scale farmlands while the same irrigation facilities underwent constant renovation to permanently stabilize the rural landscape. These processes of transformation were similarly a product of typical colonial expropriation. During the Japanese colonial period, Japanese capitalists initiated the construction of private farms which led to the national land development policy by the Governor-General of Korea. These landscape changes are indicative of resource capitalism depicted by the expansion of agricultural production value by the application of resource capital to undeveloped natural space for economic viability. As a result, the hierarchical structure was magnified resulting to the exacerbation of community and economic structural imbalances which presents an alternative yet related perspective to the evolution of landscapes during the Japanese colonial period. In addition, considering Daesan Plain's vulnerability to changing weather conditions, natural processes have also been a factor to its landscape transformation. Such occurrences endanger the sustainability of the area as when floods inundate cultivated lands and render them unstable, endangering residents, as well as the harvests. In conclusion, the Daesan Plain originally took the form of a hydrophilic landscape and started significantly evolving into a rural landscape since the Japanese colonial period. Human-induced land development and geophysical processes significantly impacted this transformation which also exemplifies the several ways of how undeveloped natural landscapes turn into mechanized and capitalized rural landscapes by colonial resource capitalism and development policies.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.424-435
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the geological terms used in the elementary school science curriculums from 1876 to present. We collected the data of geological terminologies based on what is being used in the revised 2007 national curriculum. In this study, data was divided into three periods according to political events, "The Modern Enlightenment Period (1876~1910)", "The Japanese Colonial Period (1910~1945)", and "The Current Curriculum Period (1945~present)". During the early modern enlightenment period, translated Chinese characters' terminologies by western scholars in Qing-China were used in science books. The late modern enlightenment period, we used many translated Japanese textbooks in schools, which naturally introduced the way that Japan's terminology is used. In the Japanese colonial period, Korean students had to study science subjects written in Japanese characters, so they had used Japanese terminologies of science. After the liberation of Korea from the Imperial Japan, there was an efforts to make new Korean terminologies of geology under the new current national curriculum. However, the terminologies used in Korean textbooks ended up using and borrowing the same way that the Japanese-Sino terms of science used later.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.37-57
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• 2023

In the history of elementary school mathematics education in Korea, the period led by the Government-General of Joseon during the Japanese colonial period cannot be omitted. As a way to grasp the real state of elementary school mathematics education at that time, there is a method of analyzing elementary school mathematics textbooks published by the Government-General of Joseon. However, the actual state of the publication of them was not sufficiently known. For this reason, this study surveys the actual state of the publication of those textbooks. To this end, real information on textbooks owned currently by various institutions and information on the publication of those textbooks in the official gazette and documents of the Government-General of Joseon were checked and organized.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.41-57
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• 2024

In this study, the life of Lee Kyo Seung(1868~1951), the author of SinJeongSanSul(1~3), is traced in outline. He worked as a teacher at a government elementary school from 1895 to 1906. He contributed to elementary education as one of the first government elementary school teachers in the period of the Great Han Empire. During this period, he wrote SinJeongSanSul(1~3). He contributed to secondary mathematics education as a professor at Sungyunkwan for three years from November 1908, and as a mathematics teacher at the YMCA Academy from 1906 to 1916 in the period of the Great Han Empire and early Japanese colonial period. During this period, he wrote two different secondary school mathematics textbooks. During the Great Han Empire and early Japanese colonial period, he was a pioneering textbook author and mathematics teacher. So he can be evaluated as one of the important persons in the history of mathematics education in Korea.