Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning (농촌계획)

Korean Society of Rural Planning (한국농촌계획학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Characteristics of the Rural Landscape of Daesan Plain Around the Japanese Colonial Era

일제강점기 전후 대산평야 농촌경관의 형성과 변화

  • Jeong, Jae-Hyeon (Department of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Yoo-Jick (Department of Landscape Architecture, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2023.11.02
  • Accepted : 2024.02.11
  • Published : 2024.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The study primarily aims to examine the characteristics of the transition from natural landscape to modern agricultural landscape on the Daesan plain in Dong-myeon, Changwon-si, in the lower reaches of the Nakdong River. The periods covered in the transition include the late Joseon Dynasty, the early Japanese colonial period, and the late Japanese colonial period. The study concluded the following: It was found that the Daesan Plain used to function as a hydrophilic landscape before it formed into a rural landscape. This is characterized by the various water resources in the Plain, primarily by the Nakdong River, with its back marsh tributaries, the Junam Reservoir and Jucheon. To achieve its recent form, the Daesan Plain was subjected to human trial and error. Through installation of irrigation facilities such as embankments and sluices, the irregularly-shaped wetlands were transformed into large-scale farmlands while the same irrigation facilities underwent constant renovation to permanently stabilize the rural landscape. These processes of transformation were similarly a product of typical colonial expropriation. During the Japanese colonial period, Japanese capitalists initiated the construction of private farms which led to the national land development policy by the Governor-General of Korea. These landscape changes are indicative of resource capitalism depicted by the expansion of agricultural production value by the application of resource capital to undeveloped natural space for economic viability. As a result, the hierarchical structure was magnified resulting to the exacerbation of community and economic structural imbalances which presents an alternative yet related perspective to the evolution of landscapes during the Japanese colonial period. In addition, considering Daesan Plain's vulnerability to changing weather conditions, natural processes have also been a factor to its landscape transformation. Such occurrences endanger the sustainability of the area as when floods inundate cultivated lands and render them unstable, endangering residents, as well as the harvests. In conclusion, the Daesan Plain originally took the form of a hydrophilic landscape and started significantly evolving into a rural landscape since the Japanese colonial period. Human-induced land development and geophysical processes significantly impacted this transformation which also exemplifies the several ways of how undeveloped natural landscapes turn into mechanized and capitalized rural landscapes by colonial resource capitalism and development policies.

Keywords

References

  1. Changwon cultural center, 1999, 1969~1999 Image Annals Changwon : YangHaegwang a collection of local photographs.
  2. CHANGWON SPECIAL CITY, 2023, History of Junam Reservoir.
  3. Choe, W. K., 2020, The Establishment and Management of Jinyoung Farm in Japanese Landowners under the Japanese Colonialism, HAKLIM, 45: 97-164. https://doi.org/10.36274/HAKRIM.2020.45..97
  4. Choe, W. K., 1999, The Process of Japanese Landlord System and Their Investment Cases, in Kyoungnam in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century, Korean Studies Institute, Pusan National University 14: 81-175.
  5. Choe, W. K., 2010, The Contents and Characteristics of the Land Survey Registers in the Japanese Colonial Period, Institute for Historical Studies at Chung-Ang University, 32: 49-104.
  6. Choi, B. T., 2021, The Nakdong River Renovation Project under Japanese colonial rule and the response of local residents, 55: 165-199. https://doi.org/10.25232/ku.2021.55.165
  7. Choi, S. M., RHee, S. H., Kim, K. S., Hwang, H. C., Kim, D. S., Kim, Y. J., Jung, N. S., (2011) Rural Planning. Dongmyungsa.
  8. Chosen Sotokufu, 2010, 昭和10年 朝鮮直轄河川工事年報, Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs.
  9. Gyeongsangnam-do History Compilation Committee, 2020, Gyeongsangnam-do History Volume 1: Gyeongnam's History, Nature, and ancient times.
  10. Han, S. H.. 2007. The landscape change in backswamp in the downstream of Nakdong river -from Youngsan to Gimhae-. Master's thesis. Kyungbook National University.
  11. Heo, Min. S., Son, I., Tak, H. M., 2016, A Study on the Landscape Change in Nakdong River Delta : The Case of Myeongjidong, Journal of the Korean Geographical Society, 51(4): 491-508.
  12. Huh, S. Y., 2019, Development Process of Daesan Plain in Daesan-myeon, Changwon-gun and Japanese Farm, Korea-Japan Academic Conference Who is the colonial 'development' for presentation materials, pp.4-45.
  13. Hwang, S. I., Han, S. H., Yoon, S. O., 2008, Changes of Landscape in Downstream of Nakdonggang River, Journal of the Korean Geographical Society, pp.318-322. https://doi.org/10.22776/KGS.2023.58.3.318
  14. Kang, Y. E., 2012, A Study on the transitional characteristics of rural landscape in Korea -focused on impact of rural development prooject on landscape since the 1950s, Ph.D. diss., Seoul National University.
  15. Kim, D. C., 2020, Commodity Distribution Network and Distributed Goods in Gimhae in the 18th and 19th Centuries, Journal of Koreanology, 74: 243-280. https://doi.org/10.15299/jk.2020.02.74.243
  16. Kim, H. W.. 2013. Lifestyle Changes of the Residents by the Construction of Reservoir on Backswamp of the Daesan Plains. Master's thesis. Gyeonsang National University.
  17. Kim, J. H., 2011, The Development History of Nakdong River and the Changes of Substructure in Folklife, The Korea Folklore, 54: 99-128.
  18. Kim, Y. D., 2007, The korean peasants movement and agriculture policies of the japanese government, The Oriental Studies, Dong Yang Hak, 41: 269-282.
  19. Kim, Y. K., 2015, A Study on the Irrigation Association in Cheorwon-gun, Japanese colonial era, A Study on the Cultural History of Gangwon, 16: 127-175.
  20. Korea Rural Corporation (2016) A Study on the Establishment of Landscape Plan in Rural (Eup.Myon).
  21. Kwon, H. J., 1976, Floodbasins of the lower naktong river, Journal of the Korean Geographical Society, 11(2): 1-8.
  22. Kwon, H. J., 1999, Geomorphology, Bobmunsa.
  23. Lee, C. H., Lee, W. H., 2017. Shape of Cultural Landscape in Oeam Village, Asan by Investigating Changes. Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 35(4): 88~97.
  24. Lee, H. Y., 2022, A Study on the Preservation and Utilization of Modern Agricultural Heritage in Changwon Murai Farm, Ph.D. diss., Changwon National University.
  25. Lee, S. Y., Jang, M., Shim, J. Y., 2010, A Study on the Change of Landscape in Korean Rural Village - From Chosun Dyansty to Olympic Games(1988), Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architectur, 28(4): 112-119.
  26. Lee, S. Y., Shim, J. Y., 2000, A Study on the Change of the Scenery of Rural Residence in Korea, Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architectur, 18(1): 32-42.
  27. Lee, Y. H., 2007, The Formation and Character of the Colonial Landlord in Late Chosun Dynasty and Japanese Compulsory Occupation Period, CHIYEOK KWA YEOKSA, 21: 123-155.
  28. Woods, M., 2016, Rural, tabi.
  29. Ministry of Construction, 1962, Hydrologic Data in Korea.
  30. Ministry of Construction, 1963, Hydrologic Data in Korea Vol. II Rainfall Records.
  31. Oh, Y. G., Choi, J. Y., Bae, S. J., 2007, A Spatio-temporal Change Analysis of Rural Landscape Patterns using Landscape Ecology Indices : Focused on a Part of Gyeonggi-do, Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 49(6): 65-76. https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2007.49.6.065
  32. Park, S. S., 2015, Formation of Imcheon Irrigation Association and Shift of Land Ownership during Japanese Colonial Era, JOURNAL OF KOREAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT STUDIES, 51: 153-186. https://doi.org/10.15799/kimos.2015..51.005
  33. Son, K. H., 2022, Japanese colonial era Movement against the establishment of the Heaan Irrigation Association in Dalseong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, CHIYEOK KWA YEOKSA, 51: 37-77. https://doi.org/10.19120/cy.2022.10.51.37
  34. Son, K. H., 2022, The Dangye gonglyeo Irrigation Association and local social change in Yeongcheon-gun, Gyeongsangbukdo Province during the end of Japanese Wartime Period, DAEGU SAHAK, 148: 109-148. https://doi.org/10.17751/DHR.148.109
  35. Son, Y. H., Lee, C. H., Saito, Y. K. K., 2014, Landscape changes in suburban villages resulting from plant locations, Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning, 20(1): 13-16. https://doi.org/10.7851/ksrp.2014.20.1.013
  36. Utsumi, A., 2019 Development Process of Daesan Plain in Daesan-myeon, Changwon-gun and Japanese Farm, Korea-Japan Academic Conference Who is the colonial 'development' for presentation materials, pp.46-65.
  37. National Archives of Korea, 2009, Interpretation of Japanese Documents: Repair Association Edition, National Archives of Korea.
  38. Murai, U., Inoumi, A., 2021, Unoko Murai's Journey to the Kingdom of Korea : travel through East Asia after the Russo-Japanese War : 1906 The Meiji Era April 14th - June 16th, 1939, Pear Tree House.
  39. Murai Shinenaga Agricultural Co. Ltd,, 1915, Explanation of Shinenaga Murai Agricultural Research and Extension Services. 
  40. Park, J. W., Kaga, H., Shimomura, Y., 2010, Explanation of landscape characteristics using GIS using Asuka Village as an example. journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture, 73(5): 563-568. https://doi.org/10.5632/jila.73.563
  41. Park, J. W., Kaga, H., Shimomura, Y., 2009, A Study on the Law Regulations and Changes of Landscape Characteristics for Conservation of Natural Landscape in Kyoto, Basin City, journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture, 72(5): 651-656.  https://doi.org/10.5632/jila.72.651