• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.4 s.59
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• pp.283-298
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• 2006

The domestic market of oriental herbal cosmetics has rapidly grown in the last few years. In this study, we investigated female consumers' cosmetics-buying behavior to know their appreciation of oriental herbal cosmetics. We also tried to deduce the strategies for growth and development of the oriental herbal cosmetics market in the future. A survey was conducted with women ranging in age from 20 to 50, who resided in Seoul; a total of 400 questionnaires were distributed and then 344 copies of those. were collected and analyzed statistically. This study provides basic information about the present status of oriental herbal cosmetics market and the real state of the cosmetic consumption. The consumers needs identified in this study, provides basic data in setting a marketing strategy for the oriental herbal cosmetics market.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.205-214
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• 2012

This study investigated whether there were statistical differences in the three categories of cosmetics brand preference- brand preference, gift brand preference, and preference for purchasing expensive cosmetics by the consumers' residence. For the data analysis, the types of cosmetics include basic and color, the cosmetics brands include domestic and imported cosmetics. The consumers' residence include metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. The study collected the data from 477 surveys from adult women ranging from the age groups of 20s to 50s and above in 2011. Using SPSS Version 18.0 the data was analyzed by Frequency analysis, t-test. The study results were as follow: There were significant differences in the three patterns of cosmetics brand preference depending on the consumers' residence. The three patterns of preferences were in the similar trends. The results revealed while the non-metropolitan residents showed a higher level for the domestic brands, a lower level in the three categories of preferences for imported brands compared to their metropolitan counterparts in both types of basic and color. In contrast, compared to the non-metropolitan counterparts, the metropolitan residents showed a lower level of preferences in all of the three categories of cosmetics brand preference for domestic in both types of basic and color.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.51-63
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• 2017

Purpose - The current study examines the shopping behavior of Chinese tourists who purchase Korean cosmetics when visiting Korea, based on expectancy-disconfirmation of shopping satisfaction and brand attitude toward Korean cosmetics. A moderating effect of consumer conformity on the relationships between cosmetics selection factors and two dimensions of disconfirmation - expectation and performance is also examined. Research design, data, and methodology - We conducted a survey with 250 Chinese tourists who visited Jeju, Korea and had purchased Korean cosmetics during their stay. Excluding 43 respondents' inputs because of incomplete answers and missing values, 207 responses were used in the final analysis. All hypotheses were tested using structural equation model (SEM). Results - We found that the Chinese tourist expectations had positive impact on their satisfaction, and the factors for cosmetic selection had a positive effect on shopping satisfaction and brand attitude. A moderating effect of consumer conformity was found to be significant. Conclusions - Given the significantly increased demand for Korean cosmetics from Chinese tourists, Korean cosmetics firms need to better understand cosmetics selection attributes and preference of Chinese tourists, which can provide a guideline to develop retail stores and distribution outlets for Chinese tourists.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.152-159
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• 2021

In the Chinese market, the market share of Korean cosmetics is rapidly increasing and its position in the global market is gradually becoming stable. The reasons why Chinese consumers are enthusiastic about Korean cosmetics are as follows. First of all, Korean cosmetics are suitable for Asian Chinese consumers. Second, the star effect of Korean cosmetics has shown an undoubted effect, making Korean cosmetics rapidly developing and rapidly occupying the Chinese market. Chinese consumers' satisfaction with Korean cosmetics directly affects the Korean cosmetics market. Therefore, the research subject of this study is set to Chinese consumers and focuses on factors that affect Chinese consumers' satisfaction with Korean cosmetics. The "Chinese Consumer Satisfaction with Korean Cosmetics" model is established to find the relevant influencing factors and simulate the hypothesis to analyze and propose the factors that actually affect the satisfaction of Chinese consumers with Korean cosmetics.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.460-470
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• 2022

Customized cosmetics are emerging as a consumer product that companies should pay attention to in the beauty industry due to the combination of market trends and institutional introduction of customized cosmetics. In this study, six offline service brands and online service brands currently in Korea were selected to understand the current status of domestic customized cosmetics online and offline services and to derive detailed characteristics, and the cases of each brand were analyzed. The results are as follows. First, customized cosmetics services could be classified online and offline. Second, customized cosmetics brands could be divided into general brand types and brand extension types. Third, skin data measurements could be classified into genetic analysis, big data-based surveys, and device measurements. Fourth, customized cosmetics manufacturing could be classified into a device manufacturing system, a consultant manufacturing system, and an individual production process system. Fifth, customized cosmetics distribution and delivery could be classified into same-day sales, general delivery, and regular delivery. The results of this study are meaningful in that they have identified and analyzed the current status of personalized cosmetics on-line and offline systems in recent trends, and it was confirmed that creative attempts in the domestic customized cosmetics market continue to change. It is hoped that this study will provide information and ideas to the beauty industry and related experts in the future and be used as basic data for customized cosmetics marketing

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.545-556
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• 2014

The most rapidly growing manufacturing could be cosmetics industries due to this phenomenon. In this study, the cosmetic distribution structure not to mention Korea, Asia's largest market, China and Japan are based on references. Purpose of study is to provide a basis for marketing strategy through the research process and results. Korea cosmetics market has been exerting a tremendous power of LG Household & Health and Amore Pacific as a major company. Cosmetics industry is rapidly booming around the mid-priced brand through internet shopping, TV shopping, and road shops. Cosmetics preferences were analyzed targeted at tourists by distributing questionnaire to 1500 in road shop and Myeong-dong from September 14 to October 13, 2013. The answers for the questions of the most awareness cosmetic brands in Korea are appeared in order of Laneige, Innisfree, The Face Shop. The satisfaction of the use of Korea cosmetic are 61.85% and the reasons are that in a variety of color cosmetics are 32.58%, the reaction of around that you look prettier are 29.34%. Therefore purchasing products are 49.14% of the color cosmetics and 24.93% of the functional products. Within the result of the survey, although the quality versus the price for the Korean cosmetic brands has been competitive advantage over yet from the advertising of Korea wave stars, the foreign purchasers have been willing to buy the color cosmetics and high-end performance products being the research and development of the continuously higher quality of the performance if the preceding even if being more expensive purchase price.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.60-76
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• 2006

This study aimed to investigate buying behaviors of cosmetics for female university students in Korea, China, and Japan as related to their lifestyles. For data analysis, a survey was conducted to total 12,000 females university students in 4-year university in Seoul, Tokyo, and Beijing from March 11 to April 14 in 2002. A total of 1,165 were collected and 1,127 were finally used in the analysis (361 in Korea, 381 in China, and 385 in Japan). Data were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, frequency analysis, Cronbach's a, t-test and Duncan's Multiple Range test by using SPSS statistics package. The lifestyle segmentations identified 5 groups for Korea, 5 groups for China and 2 groups for Japan. Segments in each country showed significant differences in selected variables, the satisfaction with cosmetics and in places to purchase cosmetics.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.771-784
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the casual relationships of self-monitoring, face satisfaction, and demographic variables on the purchasing behavior and use of cosmetics of women. Samples wre 479 women in their 20's to 50's in Seoul, Korea. Three factors of the purchase criteria of cosmetics derived by factor analysis : F.1 'intrinsic trait', F.2 'sales promotion and fashion', F.3 'economy. Women high in self-monitor purchased and used cosmetics more than those low in self-monitor. There were significant relationships between the purchasing behavior and use of cosmetics and age, education, and social stratification. Women in their 20's and 30's perceived purchase criteria associated with intrinsic trait such as color and becomingness as more important, 20's sales promotion and fashion, women with less education perceived economy more than did the others. Upper class women showed more concern for intrinsic trait such as quality and color of cosmetics than did lower class. Social stratification, age, self-monitoring, and education had a direct effect on the degree of cosmetics purchase. Self-monitoring and education had a direct effect on the degree of cosmetics use. Age, education, social stratification, and face satisfaction had an indirect effect on the degree of cosmetics purchase and use. The causal relationship of self-monitoring on the use of coloring cosmetics was stronger than the connection between self-monitoring and total cosmetics. The present findings provide that personal trait associated with self-monitoring of women is important variable in understanding of the purchasing behavior and use of cosmetics.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.33-49
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• 2014

Environmental concern has been an important issue for a few decades, and the extent of consumer demand for eco-friendly consumption has been increased. This study seeks to investigate consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for eco-friendly cosmetics. This study evaluates how much more a consumer is willing to pay for eco-friendly cosmetics and examines significant factors influencing consumers' WTP for eco-friendly cosmetics. Consumers' WTP is measured using four different ecofriendly cosmetics: low-priced skin care cosmetics, low-priced makeup cosmetics, high-priced skin care cosmetics, and high-priced makeup cosmetics. This study uses the contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate consumer's WTP for eco-friendly cosmetics. Survey questions were designed using both dichotomous choice and payment card method of CVM. Through face to face interviews and on-line surveys, the data were collected from women between 20 and 49 years old residing in Seoul and Kyeonggi area, Korea, in May 2010. A total of 226 questionnaires (132 from interviews and 94 from on-line) were included for the analytical sample in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, T-test and Log-Logit analysis. The findings are as follows: First, the WTP measured by dichotomous choice method was estimated using the Log-Logit analysis. The results showed that the estimated WTP for low-priced skin care cosmetics was 19,152 won, which was 27.7% higher than the reference price, 15,000 won. For low-priced makeup cosmetics, the estimated WTP was 18,524 won, and its green premium was 21.0%. The estimated WTP for high-priced skin care cosmetics was 59,128 won, which was 18.3% higher than the reference price, 50,000 won. For high-priced makeup cosmetics was 57,666 won, and its green premium was 15.3%. Second, the WTP measure by payment card method was estimated using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the respondents were willing to pay 17,955 won for low-priced skin care cosmetics, which was 19.7% higher than the reference price, 15,000 won and 17,595 won for low-priced makeup cosmetics, which was 17.3% higher than the reference price. For high-priced skin care cosmetics, the average WTP was 56,950 won which was 13.9% higher than the reference price, 50,000 won. For high-priced makeup cosmetics, the average WTP was 55,650 won, which was 11.3% higher than the reference price. Overall, the WTP was higher in order of low-priced skin care, low-priced makeup, high-priced skin care, and high-priced makeup. It means that consumers decide degree of premium based on the price and the attributes of eco-friendly products. Third, the findings showed that age, monthly income, and having children or not were statistically significant factors that influenced consumers' willingness to pay for eco-friendly cosmetics. Other explanatory variables such as education, marital status, job, purchase experience of eco-friendly products, and environmental concerns did not show any statistical significance. The major contribution of this study is the investigation of the value of green attributes of the products by using CVM. Unlike most previous researches, this research used two methods of CVM, the dichotomous choice and the payment card, so it enhanced the reliability of research. According to this study, consumers showed price sensitivity when they pay green premium. These findings can be used as useful information to establish marketing strategies for green cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2020

Recently, there has been a change in consumer culture. The paradigm is changing from a consumption model that used to emphasize rationality to an ethical consumption model that focuses on sustainability. Such a change in consumption patterns has also been seen in the cosmetics industry, but studies to empirically assess this trend are incomplete. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to empirically identify the impact of ethical consumption proprieties on attitudes and purchasing intentions for ethical cosmetics. To achieve the aim of this study, 506 adult women residing in Korea were selected as subjects and surveyed. To identify the demographic characteristics of the study participants, a technical statistical analysis and frequency analysis were conducted. To check the validity and reliability of the measuring tools, an exploratory factor analysis was performed, and the Cronbach's α factor was calculated. The analysis method was analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 and the Amos 25.0 statistical analysis programs. The results of this study are as follows. First, ethical spending tendencies had a positive impact on attitudes toward ethical cosmetics. Specifically, interest in ethical issues, altruism, and business ethics perception have had a positive impact on attitudes toward ethical cosmetics. However, consumer effectiveness had no significant impact on attitudes toward ethical cosmetics. Second, attitudes toward ethical cosmetics had a positive effect on purchasing intentions. This study found that for the spread of ethical cosmetics and ethical consumption trends varied according to the age and that attitudes toward ethical cosmetics and differences in purchasing intentions should be kept in mind. It also showed that attitudes toward ethical cosmetics affect purchasing intentions. The results of this study suggested that the analysis of adult women, the main consumers of cosmetics, by age was meaningful for finding the factors for growth in the macroscopic ethical cosmetics industry and that the industry could raise its ethical awareness. If such tasks are systematically established, ethical cosmetics are thought to be able to actively solve social problems and lead a mature cosmetics industry.