• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.204-211
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• 2021

The Maritime Domain Awareness system is a component that is necessary to enhance the awareness of all situations occurring at sea in relation to security, safety, economy, and the environment. To establish a marine situation recognition system that is currently being introduced in major maritime countries after approval by the International Maritime Organization's Maritime Safety Committee in 2010, operational measures should be established. For the purpose of establishing a technological foundation for the efficient construction of a Korean maritime situation recognition system, this study analyzed the status of each system (RADAR, VHF, and V-PASS, etc.) and proposed the application of data and communication standards.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1369-1374
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• 2021

Recently, controversy has been raised over the security and safety of Chinese-made network equipment (Huawei 5G), apps (TikTok, etc.). In particular, according to the results of the Ministry of Defense investigation in 2020, malicious codes were found in CCTVs made in China that were delivered as military surveillance equipment used as a coast guard system, and specific information was remotely transmitted to a Chinese server. The safety issues of these Chinese security products can be questioned as being systematically led by the state rather than by companies or individuals. In this paper, we perform network and process level analysis of 360 Total Security(360 TS), a Chinese antivirus software. In addition, it compares and analyzes the domestic cloud-based vaccine V3 Lite product. Through this, the safety of Chinese security solutions is checked and information leakage and risks are suggested.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1389-1402
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• 2013

This paper focuses on the impacts of waste dumping on inorganic nutrients in the dumping area of the Yellow Sea, and the effect of an governmental regulation of pollution in dumping areas. The environmental variables and parameters of the dumping and reference areas in the Yellow Sea were measured during July 2009 and analyzed. In addition, the analyzed data for inorganic nutrients over the last 10 years were obtained from the Korea Coast Guard (KCG) and the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI). The chemical environment of the study area revealed increases in concentrations of inorganic nutrients, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) in the bottom layer. On the contrary, the pH level was decreased. Most notably, the time series data of inorganic nutrients showed gradual increase over time in the dumping area, and thus, the oligotrophic waters trend toward eutrophic waters. The increases appears to be due to the disposal of large amounts of organic waste. In recent times, the wastes disposed at the area were largely comprised of livestock wastewater, and food processing waste water. The liquefied waste, which contains an abundance of nutrients, causes a sharp increase in concentrations of inorganic nitrogen in the dumping area. On the one hand, the dumping sites have been deteriorated to such an extent that pollution has become a social problem. Consequentially, the government had a regulatory policy for improvement of marine environmental since 2007 in the dumping area. Hence, the quality of marine water in the dumping site has improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2013

UNCLOS recognizes the right of innocent passage in the ocean but grants jurisdiction and governance to the state of the flag the vessel flies. However, by granting the right to determine vessel's nationality to each country in UNCLOS and by practically consenting inconsistency with the ownership and the state of flag has made the keeping of maritime order quite difficult. Especially, acknowledging the exclusive rights of the flag state on criminal jurisdiction hinders the owner state from exercising its rights and exposes the problem of not taking into account the opinion of the affected state party. This study addresses these issues and examines international regulations on vessels and flag states, mainly UNCLOS, and provides case studies on how criminal jurisdiction is determined when accidents occur at sea. Furthermore, it takes a deeper look into the mutual assistance system in criminal matters and proposes some alternatives on how to overcome these issues.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2013

This study discusses characteristics and regulations of assembly and demonstration on the Sea. One of the characteristics of assembly and demonstration on the sea is danger caused by vessels and nature of the sea. Thus, Korea Coast Guard prefers to regulate demonstration on the sea more strictly by applying sea related laws such as Maritime Safety Act and Public Order in Open Ports Act. However, assembly and demonstration on the sea is one of the fundamental rights which is guaranteed by the Constitution and should be regulated and protected by the Assembly and Demonstrations Law. The purpose of this article is to properly regulate and protect assembly and demonstration on the Sea based on proper interpretation of the Assembly and Demonstrations Law.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the delayed hydride cracking (DHC) of Zr-2.5Nb alloy. The DHC model has some defects: first, it cannot explain why the DHC velocity (DHCV) becomes constant regardless of an applied stress intensity factor, even though the stress gradient is affected by the applied stress intensity factor at the notch tip. Second, it cannot explain why the DHCV has a strong dependence on the method of approaching the test temperature by a cool-down or a heating-up, even under the same stress gradient, and third, it cannot predict any hydride size effect on the DHC velocity. The DHC tests were conducted on Zr-2.5Nb compact tension specimens with the test temperatures reached by a heating-up method and a cool-down method. Crack velocities were measured in hydrided specimens, which were cooled from solution-treatment temperatures at different rates by being furnace-cooled, water-quenched, and liquid nitrogen-quenched. The resulting hydride size, morphology, and distributions were examined by optical metallography. It was found that fast cooling rates, which produce very finely dispersed hydrides, result in higher crack growth rates. This different DHC behavior of the Zr-2.5Nb tube with the cooling rate after a homogenization treatment is due to the precipitation of the $\gamma$-hydrides only in the water-quenched Zr-2.5Nb tube. This experiment will provide supporting evidence that the terminal solid solubility of a dissolution (TSSD) of $\gamma$-hydrides is higher than that of $\delta$-hydrides.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.196-203
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• 2005

To describe dinoflagellate cyst distribution from Busan Harbor, eleven surface sediment samples and a vertical sediment sample were collected in 2003. Dinoflagellate cysts were identified 12 genera 22 species, and the total cyst concentrations varied from $210\~869\;cysts/g$. The proportion of heterotrophic dinoflagellate cysts was higher in inner parts than in outer parts of the harbor, which reflects that water quality is worse in inner harborthan that in outer harbor. On the basis of the sedimentation rate of 2.0 mm/yr, total depth of the vertical core reflects marine environment far the past 260 years, where dinoflagellate cysts were identified 9 genera 18 species and the total cyst concentrations were $79\~446\;cysts/g$. The cyst concentrations were low and the proportion of heterotrophic dinoflagellate cysts were incerased in the upper part from $14\~15cm$ depth$(1928\~1933)$, which shows industrialization and urbanization in this study area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2017

Butanol has an ability to improve the ignition quality due to its lower latent heat of vaporization; it has an advantage to reduce a volume of a fuel tank because its energy density is higher than that of ethanol. Also, butanol-diesel oil blending quality is good because butanol has an effect to prevent the phase-separation between two fuels. Even if the blended oil contains water, it can reduce the corrosion of the fuel line. Thus, it is possible to use butanol-diesel oil blended fuel in diesel engine without modification, and it may reduce the environment pollution due to NOx and particulate and the consumption of diesel oil. Therefore, some studies are being advanced whether butanol is adequate as an alternative fuel for diesel engines, and the results of the combustion and exhaust gas emission characteristics are being presented. Though the injection and spray characteristics of butanol are more important in diesel combustion, the has not yet dealt with the matter. In this study, the influence in which differences of physical properties between butanol and diesel oil may affect the injection and spray characteristics such as injection rate, penetration, spray cone angle, spray velocity and process of spray development were examined by using CRDI system, injection rate measuring device and spray visualization system. The results exhibited that the injection and macroscopic spray characteristics of two fuels were nearly the same.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.336-344
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• 2012

It is very important to salvage the vessel and seafarer rapidly and efficiently when maritime accident occurred, as maritime accident has a bad effect on vessel, seafarer and shipping industry as well as the whole community itself. Especially, marine salvage in relation to the accident involving huge marine pollution and loss of life will be regarded as a more important process because the accident would result more severe damages. However, domestic marine salvage forces are weaker than other country's, and private marine salvage company has poor technical and commercial base even though the Korea Coast Guard and Navy have relatively more modernized equipments and squad. Thus, it is very important to promote marine salvage operation capacity because it is related with the national security as well as the national economy. In this regard, this study examines the promoting method of marine salvage including its public and private section from the perspectives of law and systemic revision.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2009

The 21st century is often referred to as maritime age. The sea is a rich repository of natural resources, comfort shelters and the hopes and dreams of human being. But there is always possibility of disaster as well as hopes and dreams. Although there have been many advances in the ship building technology, the risk of accidents is on the increase due to the increase of maritime traffic and the revitalization of marine leisure. I like to refer to the systematic search and rescue system for the rapid response by analyzing recent marine accidents. For the safe navigation, it is necessary to establish institutional systems such as ship technology, navigation equipments, excellent human resources, traffic control, etc. and navigation components also have to be well organized each other. It is also necessary to build a prompt accident management system. The search and rescue system for the rapid response and the way of reducing the incidence of marine accidents were reviewed through the analysis of recent marine accidents.