• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to find out the traditional customs of family occasions-New Year Day, Full Moon Day, a marriage ceremony, funeral, first-year birthday, 60th birthday, other birthday, and moving a residence through a literature review. The content of each occasion consists of meaning, process of activities, costume, foods, plays, gifts, etc. The following research is suggested to survey on actual family life and to develop and provide ideal program of the family occasions through formal and informal education.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.1 s.97
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• pp.124-139
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the degree of value assigned to traditional Korean foods by residents from the Kyunggi(n=582) and Kangwon(n=189) areas of Korea. We determined the degree of value for 13 items classified as traditional Korean foods by asking subjects to score the items based on a 5 point Likert scale. Based on the total scores, resident in Kyunggi assigned Kimchi the high degree of value. Next was Tteok, then Eum-cheong, Jang, Hankwa, Muk, Bap, Jeon, Namul, and Guk, respectively. In the Kangwon area, the total scores showed that Kimchi also had the highest degree of value, followed by Tteok, Jang, Hankwa, Eum-Cheong, Muk, Bap, Namul, Jeon and Myeon, respectively. The female residents in Kyunggi gave Kimchi a higher degree of value than the male residents'. Also, subjects with overall higher positive perception of traditional foods had a higher degree of value for Kimchi. Relative to age, ther was a trend showing older subjects had a higher degree of value for Kimchi than Younger subjects. In the case of the head of the family, residents of the Kangwon area showed a trend toward a high degree of value for Kimchi. The residents in Kyunggi, compared to the residents in Kangwon, evaluated the Jang food group as inexpensive foods(p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the residence areas for the total score of the items. Overall, the resident's evaluation of the degree of value traditional Korean foods increased with increasing age.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2020

There are remains of Japanese gardens in Korea which were built during Japanese occupation in 1910-1945. However, systematic database has not been established for location, quantity, nor types of remaining gardens. This study is aimed at defining current status of Japanese gardens built in Korea. By categorizing types of remaining these Japanese gardens, we also aimed to build a systematic data base for Japanese gardens in Korea. This study was co-conducted by researchers from Korea and Japan. The team identified 17 Japanese gardens remaining in South Korea and categorized them into 4 groups; 1) Japanese garden built by Japanese in modern Japanese house in South Korea, 2) Japanese garden built by Korean in traditional Korean garden and 3) Garden built by Japanese in temples in Korea. (at request by Koreans). This categorization reveals information about the inflow of Japanese gardening culture into Korea and deserves to be an important part of modern gardening History. And the rest are 4) Japanese gardens built at Korean residence, but with much damage and alternation. In this paper, we present the findings to serve as preliminary data for defining Korean traditional gardens and for utilizing Japanese gardens in Korea as historical and cultural infrastructure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.8 no.3 s.17
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• pp.49-57
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to present a new orientation for the residential culture that can meet the shifting demands of modern people as their attitudes toward life change. One of the rural regions that has lately attracted considerable attention, Wonsam-myun, Yongin city, is selected as the residence zone to develop a housing complex. In this study, a new housing complex is designed to supplement the defects of existing housing complexes by making the utmost use of the merits that Wonsam-myun as a residential environment can offer. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. To present a new Korean model, yellow soil houses and traditional trees were used to utilize Korea's traditional landscape beauty in the construction and landscape aspect, instead of imitating indiscreetly foreign styles in which most newly developed housing complexes were built. 2. To provide convenience to prospective residents, a package sales scheme covering from lot purchase to building permit was adopted. 3. As for the planting plan, existing plants was preserved as much as possible to keep harmony with new plants. In selecting plant types, a traditional method that emphasizes on the visual effects of aesthetic plants and shade trees with the change of seasons and plants various kinds of plants according to directions was adopted. 4. Each household was given the opportunity to design its own garden according to the family's preference and taste. 5. The advantages of a rural area that city does not offer were fully utilized to provide the residents with convenience and pleasure of living.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.70-83
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• 2013

To widen prospect of villa as Korea traditional garden, the result of the research about constructional characteristics of Seogo-jeongsa and Sameun-jeong of Yeoju Lee family at Toero-ri, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, is abstracted as below. Seogo-jeongsa(西皐精舍) and Sameun-jeong(三隱亭) was intended to practise retirement with sense of unity with the head residence, since Seogo-jeongsa was 340m far and sameun-jeong was 630m far away from head residence, which set within 1km. Although Seogo-jeongsa's basic prop, Sameun-jeong's timber, which are both from designer's pen name and head residence name, "Hangjae(恒齋)" and "Yongjae(庸齋)," and Hanseoam have each different exposure, it is homogeneous as space configurational side in order to optimize the gaze leading effect and appreciated domestic trees from the pond, which is center of the garden and the significant facility. Method of direction of Seogo-jeongsa's Hwalsudang(活水塘) and Sameunjeong's pond of Sameun-ji(三隱 池) gets attention by distinction. Especially, directing of 3 step water flow from behind to front and traditional pond method, called Bangji-Bangdo(方池方島), were very unique that any other place can be found. Also, the middle islet on the pond at both villa, which isn't more supper, but more for the symbolic molding that seek a stone pagoda(石假山), is more interesting directing method as considering the relationship of the 3 stone pagoda imageries on the surface of Ghwayukchon(果肉泉) At the same time, Seogo-jeongsa and Sameun-jeong shows very different characteristics from traditional villa that adopted both domestic trees and foreign trees. Particularly, it is extremely exceptional case to plant vigorous needleleaf tree, such as Chamaecyparis pisifera, C. obtusa, Pinus bungeana, P. palustris, Sciadopitys verticillata, Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Cedrus deodara, on Sameun-jeong. Moreover, adopting foreign wild needleleaf trees for landscaping trees, such as a Torreya nucifera, Taxus cuspidata, P. parviflora, and foreign landsacping trees, such as P. bungeana, Cryptomeria japonica and C. obtusa tells planting trend of the late Joseon dysnasty era. Also, as we can know from 2 Jipgyeong(集景), which is 'Seogo-jabyoung 17 young(西皐雜詠十七詠)', and 'Sameun-jeong 12 Gyoung(三隱亭十二景)' which are set on both villa, the intend to expand the garden area is strongly shown by the natural forest directing. As a result, Seogo-jeongsa and Sameun-jeong, located at Toero-li Miryang, are sharing the traditional Joseon dynasty era's custom, such as space and visual composition; however, it is different and attractive garden remains as a point of view of water directing, stone pagodas, and adopting foreign landscaping trees.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.19
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• pp.41-51
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• 1979

Since 1971 when the nation wide 'New Community' movement was launched to improve rural standards of living, dol and thatched-roof houses have been reshaped or removed, thereby making it hard to find time-honored people's living structures in the countryside. Since 1977, the improvement work of rural houses has started throughout the country, so many new rural residences have been constructing along the highway, main roads, railways and around the sightseeing area, New rural houses do not show, for the most part, the traditional architectural style and the nation's unique conventional ways of living. The writer tried to find solutions to the problems derived from improvement work of rural residence, in a comparative method of traditional rural houses and newly constructed rural ones. The greater part of new rural houses' types, painting colors, and fence types had been recommended by provincial administrative trative officials. Officials recommended them to the farmer with their standards, which did not consider farmer's convenience of traditional way of life, but a fine sight from the highways or railways. Korea's three basic roof types are the HAPKAK roof (gabled and hipped), the UCHINKAK roof(hipped), and the BAKKOONG roof(gabled). However, the gabled roof houses, having their entrance on the gabled side, are found more ofter in new rural village. As mentioned above, architectural style is not harmonious with the topography and climate i Korea, because it is not Korean traditional type, but one of the western styles. And new rural house plans are inconvenient in the conservation rural family system, because of the same category with urban houses plans. Other problems derived from ton-traditional architecture style are roof painting in 4-5 colors in a new village, types of wall and fence, and attached building in the site.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.10 no.1 s.25
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• pp.9-23
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• 2001

This study is for the Kyungduk-Dan(as a altar of Milsung-Daegun) and The Manun-Jae the characteristics(lay out and planning, window patterns, structure, materials) of the the Korean traditional house during the modern era. Before Manun-Jae was used for the house. The Kyungduck-Dan was constructed in August according to the Lunar Calender in 1927. The Manun-Jae(house for Ki-hun Kang, millionaire ) was completed in 1924. Modern Architectures brought to Korea with the bricks, the tiles, the flash doors, the plate grasses, the brass hardwares. These architectural material was used in positive. During the construction of Manun-Jae in 1924, it happened the architectural exchage among a korean, a chinese and a japanese constructor. Though using the air exhaust valve at the kitchen of Ukyung-Kak( old Anchae), it could be assume that the modern convenience and the improvement of residential environments was considered at that period during the construction of Manun-Jae. That construction was elected with the brick($222mm{\times}106mm{\times}50mm$), the chinese colored tile and plate glass such a modem materials. The new shape of the korean lattice window and the wooden flash-door with glass was used. In Ukyung-Kak, the Chan-Maru(service space) and the kitchen such as a service space or concise utility zone was organically connected. Especially, considered the domesitic activity and circulation, the western kitchen sink and the Chan-Maru(service space) was rationally placed. At the Manun-Jae and the Kyungduck-Dan, the architectural characteristic is that the new shape of windows was used. The lattice window at the Ondol room of Ukyung-Kak, was rgadually added the plate glass and the wood plate. The lattice window with the grid shape at kitchen of that building was adapted japanese grid lattice window in korea at that period. It is the sample that korean traditional house was typically influenced from the japanese resident culture. The Manun-Jae and the Kyungduck-Dan as the modern house kept the form of korean traditional architecture, and was partially adapted a modern characteristic space and modern architectural materials. During the japanese occupancy, these residence can be showed the transition in formally.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 2010

This study aims to seek a direction of development in apartment interior planning method, considering residential condition and historical planning schemes in South Korea and China. In this study, South Korea and China's traditional housing and modern apartment unit was studied to identify environmental attributes of residence. For Korea, Banga, where upper class residents lived, and modern urban Hanok were chosen to be analyzed. For China, two types of housing wear studied: Sahapwon, original form of China housing, and Yinong house which is a typical Sanghai house. First, the elements of living environment in two major cities; Seoul and Sanghai was defined to analyze factors of traditional houses in both cities. Depending on those factors, relationship among traditional and modern housing types were compared and analyzed, focusing on unit plan case studies for a better understanding of living environment in South Korea and China. From this study, similarities and differences between apartment plans in Seoul and Shanghai was examined according to their residential style, surrounding natural environment and lifestyle factors. In Seoul's apartment, spacial composition and movement lines were mainly formed around the public space in Seoul, while public space of living and dining room was located at housing entrance area in the Shanghai's residential system, configuring narrow form of housing unit. In respect of the natural environment, the unit plan of rectangular form in Seoul was more efficient in day lighting and wind circulation than the unit plan of narrow form in Shanghai. It was also found that cultural differences of stand-up and seat life style influenced on the composition of unit plans in Seoul and Shanghai.n Apartment cases in Seoul and Shanghai.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.19
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• pp.293-305
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• 2015

At the same time the unique cultural traits of each country are valued, it has become an essential element to establish the cultural identity of a country. This study is aimed at comparing the residence architectural cultures in East-Asia and thus identifying Korea's own unique traits by determining the application characteristics of traditional architectures of Korea, China and Japan through practical investigation of materials, a basic element of architectural shaping. Literature survey and field study were conducted in parallel for this study, and architectural buildings under investigation included Mucheomdang House in Korea, Prince Gong Mansion in China and Dokyudo Building in Japan. Construction materials in Korea, China and Japan include natural materials such as wood, stone and clay, and artificial materials such as metals, paper, roof tiles, plug and glass. and the buildings were constructed with the combination of these materials. This commonality can be often found in the architectural composition. However, in the interior composition, the choice and application of different materials were clear between three countries, which were shown to be different depending on climates, processing methods and living culture of each country. First of all, since each country selected materials under the influence of its own vegetation and climates, living environment of each country could be seen via its residence. Also, it could be seen that while Korea and Japan show a certain similarity such as the traits of standing-sitting culture and the finish of paper in the interior, China is clearly different. In particular, regarding the material processing, the artificial processing was minimized in Korea, which mainly gave rough and crude feelings while due to the use of straight timbers, the architectural representation with organized and refined feelings was made in Japan. China showed the highest percentage of artificial processing of materials among three countries, which was highly associated with the coloring culture of China. Also, it could be seen that technology related to fine architectural materials such as bricks and glass was greatly advanced in China. Thus, how immaterial elements such as natural characteristics, functionality and aesthetics were applied in relation to residence in Korea, Japan and China could be determined through the comparison of architectural materials.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to research on the preparing fermented foods and food habits of Korean women in Texas U. S. A. The preparing method of fermented foods and food habits of Korean housewives whose husbands are studying at the various universities in Houston, Texas are surveyed. The analysed results indicated were as follows ; 1. 64.4% of women were in the thirties at their age, those in twenties 29.7%. 75.2% of subject graduated college. Period of residence in America were 52.5% under 3yr, 25.7% over 5yr. The respondents were aged twenties(29.7%) to thirties(64.4%) who have graduated from college(75.2%) or graduate school(24.8%) and have had the residence period of less than three-(52.5%) to more than five years(25.7%). 2. The kind of cuisine chosen for dinner were Korean style food. The most considerable person when preparing menu were husband. 48.51% of those in age were 3∼39yr(p < 0.1). 60.40% of the response graduated college(p < 0.1). The Korean-style foods overwhelmed over western ones in their frequency for dinner(82.2% vs. 17.8%). The person most considered for choosing menu was their husbands as responded by the majority groups of aged thirties(48.5%), college graduates(60.4%) and residence period of less than three years(42.6%). They satisfied comparatively when they prepared the meal (p < 0.1). 55.4% of the response learned cooking method from neighbor, 39.6% of remainder studied from cuisine book, newspaper, magazine, TV. They satisfied comparatively for the preparation of the meal(56.4%) and have learned the new methods of cooking from neighborhoods(55.4%) or cuisine book, newspaper, magazine and TV(39.6%). 3. The frequency of eating-out mostly had once a month. 30.69% of response were 30∼39yr(p < 0.1). 33.66% of subjects lived under 3yr in America. The frequency of eating-out mostly had once a month. 30.69% of response were 30-39yr(p < 0.1). 33.66% of subjects lived under 3yr in America. Eating-out once a month occupied 30.7, 33.7, and 20.7% of the selected group of aged thirties, college graduates, and residence periods of less than three years, each respectively. The type of food selecting eating-out were western style. 38.31% of them were 30∼39yr(p < 0.1). 39.60% of them graduated college(p < 0.1). 29.70% of them lived under 3yr in America. For eating-out menu, the western-style foods were most favored by the groups of aged thirties(38.3%), college graduates(39.6%), and residence periods of less than three years(29.7%). 4. 50.5% of subject had beef once three days, 23.8% of the response had pork once two weeks, 27.7% of subject ate chicken once two weeks, 34.7% of the response enjoyed fish once a week. Eating animal foods once three days for beef(50.5%), once two weeks for pork(23.8%) and chicken(27.7%), and once a week for fish(34.7%) were most frequent. 5. Korean traditional fermented food were mostly enjoyed in order of kanjang(91.1 %), kochujang(87.2%), fermented fish(85.1%), deonjang(81.2%), jang-a-chi(76.2%). 81.2% of subject used prepared-food by themselves. 56.4% of response made kimch at home. Among Korean traditional fermented foods, kimchi(56.4%) and prepared side dishes(81.2%) were provided at home while kanjang(91.1%), kochujang(87.2%), fermented fish(85.1%), deonjang(81.2%), and jang-a-chi(76.2%) were mostly purchased from stores.