• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.413-431
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to build a substantive theory about the experience of the family whose child has died of cancer The qualitative re-search method used was grounded theory. The interviewees were 17 mothers who had cared for a child who had died of cancer Traditionally in Korea, mothers are the care givers in the family and are considered sensitive to the family's thoughts, feelings. The data were collected through in-depth interviews by the investigator over a period of nine months. The data were analyzed simultaniously by a constant comparative method in which new data are continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology. The 16 concepts which were found as a result of analyzing the grounded data were, -left over time, the empty place, meaninglessness, inner sadness, situational sadness, heartache, physical pain, guilt, resentment, regret, support / stigmatization, finding meaning in the death, changing attitudes about life and living, changing attitudes about health, changing religious practice and changing family relations. Five categories emerged from the analysis. They were emptiness, consisting of left over time, the empty place and meaninglessness ; sadness, consisting of inner sadness and situational sadness ; pain, consisting of heartache and physical pain ; bitterness, consisting of guilt, resentment, regret, sup-port / stigmatization and finding meaning in the death : and transition, consisiting of changing attitudes about life and living, changing attitudes about health, changing religious practice and changing family relations. These categories were synthesized into the core concept, -the process of filling the empty space. The core phenomenon was emptiness. Emptiness varied with the passing of time, was perceived differently according to support / stigmatization and finding meaning in the death, was followed by sad-ness, pain, and bitterness, and finally resulted in changes in attitudes about life and living and about health, and in changes in religious practice and family relations. The process of filling the empty space proceeded by ① accepting realty, ② searching for the reason for the child's death, ③ controlling the bitter feelings, ④ reconstructing the relationships ameng death, illness and health and ⑤ filling the emptiness by resolving causes of child's death, adopting, having another child or with work. Six hypotheses were derived from the analysis. ① The longer the bereavement, the mere the empty space becomes filled. ② The longer the hospitalization, the more sup-port the family needs. ③ The more the sadness, pain and bitterness are expressed, the mere positive changes emerge. ④ Family support faciliates the process of filling the empty space. ⑤ Higher family cohesiveness faciliates the process of filling the empty space. ⑥ The greater the variety of reasons attributed to the child's death, the greater the variety of patterns of change. Four propositions related to emptiness and bitter-ness were developed. ① When the sense of emptiness is great and bitterness is manifested by severe feelings of guilt and resentment, the longer the process of fill-ing the empty space. ② When the sense of emptiness is great and the family is highly motivated to get rid of the bitterness, the shorter the process of filling the empty space. ③ When the sense of emptiness is less and bitter-ness is manifested by severe feelings of guilt and resentment, the process of filling the empty space is delayed. ④ When the sense of emptiness is less and the family is highly motivated to get rid of the bitterness, the process of filling the empty space goes on to completion. Through this substantive theory, nurses under-stand the importance of emptiness and bitterness in helping the family that has lost a child through cancer fill the empty space. Further research to build substantive theories to explain other losses may con-tribute to a formal theory of how family health is restored after human tragedies are experienced.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.545-556
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• 1994

Medical insurance and health care delivery system enabled Korean people to get the necessary medical service, but it caused increased needs for medical service, and resulted in the occurence of some problems such as a lack of manpower and medical facilities. In order to solve these problems, many countries, which already had medical insurance system had developed home care system and it has been regarded effective both in reducing costs and in increasing the rates of turnover of bed. Recently, Korea has included home nursing care in its health care delivery system, and some models of the hospital based home nursing care had been tried and its effects had been evaluated. So, author tried to run a home nursing care for the Cesarean section mothers and evaluate Its effects both in the mother's health and costs. This study was designed as a Quasi-experimental study. Subjects were thirty mothers who got Cesarean section operation in hospital in Seoul. Experimental group consisted of 15 volunteers, and control group were selected by means of matching technique. Data were gathered from February 1st to March 26th by two assistants who were trained by author. Experimental group were discharged on the 4th day after their operation, and got nursing care and assessment about their home three times on the 5th, 6th, and 7th day. Control group stayed in the hospital until 7th day as usual and were checked on the same day as above mentioned To evaluate the state of physiological recovery, vital signs, H.O.F, presence of edema in the legs, bathing, appetite, sleep, presence of pain or discomfort in the breasts, amount of lochia, color of lochia, defecation urination. To compare incidence of complication in experimental group with that in control group, specific assessment was done such variables as smell of lochia, presence of inflammation of operation wound, dizziness, and presence of immobilization in the extremities. The activities of daily living were checked Satisfaction of nursing were checked To calculate costs, author asked subjects to specify expenditure including hospital charge, traffic enpenses, and food expenses. The results were as fellows. 1. On effectiveness of home nursing careThere were n significant differences between experimental and control group in incidence of abnormal symptoms and any complication. The number of taking a bath [POD #5 P=0.001, #6 P=0.0003, #7 P=0.001] and the degree of appetite [POD #5 P=0.03, #6 P=0.02, #7 P=0.013] were significantly higher in experimental group than in control group. Contrary to author's expectation, the degree of the activities of daily living in experimental group was not higher than that of control group. All of the experimental group said they were satisfied with the home nursing care. 2. Cost analysis 1) Hospital charge of experimental group was lower than that of control group. ［P=0.009］ By taking home nursing care, average period of hospitalization was shortened to 3.1 days, and family members could save 22.8 hours. Total amount of money saved by early discharge was 3,443,093 Won. It is estimated that total amount of money saved by early discharge in a year will be 40,398,956 Won. 2) Home nursing care charge of 15 mothers was 1,781,633 Won. It is estimated that total amount of money Saved by it in a year Will be 20,904,493 Won. It was lower altogether than hospital charge of the three days which is 5th, 6th, 7th day of operation. The average cost of single home visit was calculated 10,940 Won. It took 87 minutes per round and it costed 1,017.3 Won. The average hour of home care was 39.0 minutes. 3) It is expected that early discharge can bring forth the increase of hospital income. On the condition that the rate of running bed is 100%, the expected increase of hospital income will be 202,374, 026 Won in a year. Suggestions for further study and nursing practice are as follows : 1. For the welfare of patients and the increased rates of running bed, home nursing care system should be included in the hospital nursing care system. 2. Studies to test effect of home nursing care on the patients with other diseases are needed. 3. Establishment of law on the practice of home nursing care is strongly recommended.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.584-596
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• 1994

The objective of the study is to explore the relationships between the variables of nursing productivity on the framework of system del in the tertiary university based care hospital in Korea. Productivity is basically defined as the relation-ship between inputs and outputs. Under the proposition that the nursing unit is a system that produces nursing care output using personal and material resources through the nursing intervention and nursing care management. And this major conception of nursing productivity system comproises input, process and output and feed-back. These categorized variables are essential parts to produce desirable and meaningful out-put. While nursing personnel from head nurse to staff nurses cooperate with each other, the head nurse directs her subordinates to achieve the goal of nursing care unit. In this procedure, the head nurse uses the leadership of authority and benevolence. Meantime nursing productivity will be greatly influenced by environment and surrounding organizational structures, and by also the operational objectives, the policy and standards of procedures. For the study of nursing productivity one sample hospital with 15 general nursing care units was selected. Research data were collected for 3 weeks from May 31 to June 20 in 1993. Input variables were measured in terms of both the served and the server. And patient classification scores were measured drily by degree of nursing care needs that indicated patent case-mix. And also nurses' educational period for profession and clinical experience and the score of nurses' personality were measured as producer input variables by the questionnaires. The process varialbes act necessarily on leading input resources and result in desirable nursing outputs. Thus the head nurse's leadership perceived by her followers is defined as process variable. The output variables were defined as length of stay, average nursing care hours per patient a day the score of quality of nursing care, the score of patient satisfaction, the score of nurse's job satis-faction. The nursing unit was the basis of analysis, and various statistical analyses were used : Reliability analysis(Cronbach's alpha) for 5 measurement tools and Pearson-correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and canonical correlation analysis for the test of the relationship among the variables. The results were as follows : 1. Significant positive relationship between the score of patient classification and length of stay was found(r=.6095, p.008). 2. Regression coefficient between the score of patient classification and length of stay was significant (β=.6245, p=.0128), and variance explained was 39%. 3. Significant positive relationship between nurses’ educational period and length of stay was found(r=-.4546, p=.044). 5. Regression coefficient between nurses' educational period and the score of quality of nursing care was significant (β=.5600, p=.029), and variance explained was 31.4%. 6. Significant positive relationship between the score of head nurse's leadership of authoritic characteristics and the length of stay was found (r=.5869, p=.011). 7. Significant negative relationship between the score of head nurse's leadership of benevolent characteristics and average nursing care hours was found(r=-.4578, p=.043). 8. Regression coefficient between the score of head nurse's leadership of benevolent characteristics and average nursing care hours was significant(β=-.6912, p=.0043), variance explained was 47.8%. 9. Significant positive relationship between the score of the head nurse's leadership of benevolent characteristics and the score of nurses' job satis-faction was found(r=.4499, p=050). 10. A significant canonical correlation was found between the group of the independent variables consisted of the score of the nurses' personality, the score of the head nurse's leadership of authoritic characteristics and the group of the dependent variables consisted of the length of stay, average nursing care hours(Rc²=.4771, p=.041). Through these results, the assumed relationships between input variables, process variable, output variables were partly supported. In addition it is also considered necessary that-further study on the relationships between nurses' personality and nurses' educational period, between nurses' clinical experience including skill level and output variables in many research samples should be made.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.197-210
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• 1988

The purposes of this study were : 1) to assess the level of pain and to identity the varieties and the degree of pain-related behavior, 2) to measure the level of correlation between the level of pain and the degree of pain- related behavior, 3) to test the correlation between the Korean Pain Rating Scale (KPRS) and Graphic Rating Scale(GRS), and 4) to gather data relevant to the Socio-demographic status of the subjects. The level of pain was measured by KPRS and GRS developed by the researchers. The KPRS consists of three dimensions ; the sensory, the affective and the miscellaneous and the GRS of two separate scales ; the intensity scale and the unpleasantness scale. Of the 2, 025 who had visited orthopedic and neurosurgical out-patients department of 11 university hospitals in various districts of Korea with the episode of Joint pain, 405 subjects were self-selected by responding to the data gathering tools and questionaires mailed. The results are summaried as follows : 1. Maale(217, 53.6%) exceeded female patients(188, 46.4%) in number and the onset of joint pain was more prevalent in the age groups of the 20s and the 30s. 160(39.5%) had been hospitalized for the treatment of, and 87(21.5%) had retired because of the joint pain. 2. Mean pain score measured by KPRS was 128.31 (range; 0-1.344.8) ; mean sensory score was 43.23(range ; 0-645.88%), mean affective score was 46.09(range ; 0- 356.72), and mean miscellaneous score was 39.99(range ; 0-341.68). Mean pain scores measured by GRS were ; sensory intensity score ; 109.1(range ; 0-200) and distress score ; 99.1 (range ; 0-200). 3. The prevalent sites of joint pain revealed to be the right knee joint(203; 50.1%), left knee joint(181(44.7%), left ilium(147, 36.3%), lumbar region (106; 26.2%), hip joint(92; 22.7%) and the ankle(84; 20.7%). 4. The average sleep hour was 6.8hours per day and the average rest hour during the day hours was 3.3hours (range 0-20). 5. The average duration of suffering from joint pain was 49.1 months. 6. Most of the subjects(298; 73.6%) used some sorts of pain relieving practices ; the most prevalent pain relieving practice was the compliance with the physician prescribed treatments(34.4%). 7. The level of discomfort in carrying out the ADL(activities of daily living was 101.16(38.83) and the level of needs for aid in carrying out the ADL was 76.62(31.79). 8. The interrelation between KPRS total score and GRS sensory intensity score(.4438), as well as that of GRS distress score(r＝.4446) were not highly correlated, however, sensory and affective dimension within KPRS (.7547) and pain intensity and distress score of GRS(.6975) revealed moderate intercorrelation. 9. Pain-related behaviors such as discomfort in carrying out ADL, the need for aids in carrying out ADL, frequency of pain relieving practices, varieties of pain sites and length of rest hours during the day hours revealed to be highly correlated with the level of pain measured by KPRS, GRS sensory intensity scale and GRS distress scale. The following are recommended ; 1. Test for the correlation of KPRS total score and the summated score of GRS ; sensory intensity and distress scores. 2. Possibilities of utilization of the pain-related behaviors which revealed high correlation as indirect assessment tool for measuring the level of pain.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2002

1. 본 연구는 우리나라의 나물류중 돌나물을 이용한 건강음료를 개발하기 위하여 기초성분을 조사하고, 채취시기에 따른 성분의 변화를 조사하여 천연식품재료로서 가치를 높이고자 일반성분, 무기성분, Ascorbic acid, Chlorophyll Polyphenol류와 향기성분에 대하여 조사하였다. 2. 돌나물의 일반성분은 3월과 5월 각각의 채취시기에 따른 성분의 변화는 거의 없었으나, 조지방은 3월 채취시료에서 약간 높았으며, 다른 나물류에 비해 수분함량이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 무기성분의 함량은 칼슘, 마그네슘, 인, 칼륨, 나트륨순으로 함유되어 있으며 철, 구리, 아연 등은 미량 함유된 것으로 나타났다. 4. Ascorbic acid의 함량은 3월 시료에 비해 5월 시료에서 높게 나타났으나, 다른 엽채류에 비하여 적은 량 함유되어 있다. 5. Chlorophyll1의 함량은 3월 시료와 5월 시료를 실온에서 방치하며 측정한 결과 7일 후 각각 최초함량의 37.8%와 37.6% 정도가 감소되었는데, 외관상 큰 차이를 느끼지 못했다. 6. Polyphenol류 함량은 적은 량 함유되었고, 3월과 5월 시료 모두 5일 경과후 까지는 미량 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 7. 향기성분은 3월 시료에서 9종, 5월 시료에서 11종을 각각 확인하였는데, 3월과 5월 시료에 모두 들어있는 성분은 7-Octen-4-ol, Nonanal, 2-Penta-decanone,6,10, 14-trimethy1, Decane,2,3,7-trimethy1이었다. 이와 같은 결과로 우리나라에서 예로부터 약용과 식용으로 이용되어왔던 돌나물이 식용 및 건강식품으로서의 가치가 높은 영양성분과 기호성분을 가지고 있으며, 이를 이용한 건강음료를 개발하므로서 농가의 소득증대 및 기타 다양한 봄나물들을 이용한 건강음료의 개발이 가능할 것으로 나타났다.achi, Japan)을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 실험결과의 통계분석은 95% 수준의 one-way ANOVA/Tukey's test를 이용하여 결과를 얻었다. 실험에 이용된 2종류 복합레진의 굴곡강도와 탄성계수는 C-factor치 증가에 따라 감소하였으며, 파단면 또한 C-factor의 증가에 따라 더 불규칙해지는 양상을 나타내었다. 본 실험의 결과 hybrid형 복합레진이 micro-hybrid형 복합레진에 비해 C-factor의 영향을 더 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 와동의 C-factor증가가 굴곡강도나 탄성계수와 같은 복합레진의 물리적 성질을 저하시킨다는 것을 의미하였다.중합수축. 중합도 및 미세경도 측정치는 one-way ANO-VA와 Duncan's multiple range test를, 변연누출 정도는 chi-square test를 이용, 통계처리하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. . 중합수축의 정도는 VIP$^{TM}$(Bisco) 사용군에서 전체 조사광도가 높을수록 큰 경향을 보여 600mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$군에서 가장 크게 나타났고, 그 다음으로 Pulse-delay군, 400mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$군, 200 mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$군 순이었고, Optilux 501$^{TM}$(Demetron/Kerr) 사용군에서는 Continuous 방식이 Ramp 방식 보다 크게 나타났다. . 중합도와 미세경도 값은 공히, 전체 조사광도가 높을수록 높게 나타났으며 , 최종 중합도는 44.77~54.98%의 범위를, 미세경도 값은 34.10~56.30의 범위를 보였다. . 미세누출은 전반적으로 상아질 변연이 법랑질 변연에 비해 많았고, VIP$^{TM}$(Bisco) 사용 군에서는

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.163-179
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• 2012

본 연구는 소금의 첨가량을 달리하여 고압 가열 추출 방식으로 아메리칸소스를 제조하여 기계적 특성 및 관능적 특성을 알아보고 이를 통하여 갑각류 소스 제품군의 대량 생산에 보다 실제적인 자료로서의 활용과 외식산업에 전통적인 조리기술을 표준화하여 우수한 품질을 유지하고 기능성을 향상시킬 수 있는 제품 개발에 이용할 수 있도록 하고자 하였다. 소금 첨가량에 따른 아메리칸 소스는 소금이 수분과 회분에는 유의적인 영향을 미치지는 않지만, 색도, pH, 염도에는 영향이 미치며, Na과 K은 소금의 첨가량이 높아짐에 따라 각각의 함량이 증가하였고, Mg과 P은 소금 0.4% 첨가한 J4가 가장 높았지만, 소금 첨가량 증가에 따른 일정한 경향을 나타내지는 않았다. 총 유리아미노산은 J0, J1이 29종, J2는 30종, J3은 31종, J4는 33종 검출되었으며, 검출량은 소금 0.3% 첨가한 J3이 가장 많았으며, 특히 필수 아미노산에는 arginine, 맛난 맛 성분의 아미노산에 대해서는 glutamic acid, alanine, serine, ${\beta}$-alanine, ${\alpha}$-aminoadipic acid, 기타 아미노산은 g-Aminoisobutyric acid의 함량이 가장 높은 함량 수준을 나타내었다. 지질 과산화 측정 및 DPPH 측정 결과로서 소금을 첨가하지 않는 것이 항산화 효과가 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 관능검사를 실시한 결과 전반적인 품질 평가에 대해서 소금 0.3% 첨가한 J3가 가장 높은 점수를 나타내어 소금의 첨가가 전반적인 품질 평가에 영향을 끼친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 보면 항산화적 기능성에 대한 효과는 기대할 수 없지만, 기계적 품질 검사 및 관능검사의 결과를 종합해 보면, 소금 0.3%를 첨가하여 제조한 아메리칸 소스가 품질적으로 가장 최적의 제조 방법으로 보여진다. 이를 통하여 갑각류 소스 제품의 대량 생산에 보다 실제적인 자료로 활용하고, 외식산업에 전통적인 조리 기술을 표준화 및 우수한 품질을 유지하고 기능성을 향상시킬 수 있는 제품 개발에 이용하고자 한다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.327-336
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• 2011

치과에서 임상적으로 신경병성 통증이 발생하는 경우는 주로 하악신경이 손상 받은 경우이며 그 원인으로는 발치, 인공치아매식, 악안면 수술, 치주치료 및 근관치료 등이 있다. 본 연구는 근관치료 후 발생한 하악신경 손상 환자의 신경병증의 원인과 증상에 따라 약물치료를 통해 개선된 정도를 분석해 보고자 하였다. 근관치료 후 발생한 이상감각 또는 통증을 주 증상으로 2004년부터 2011년까지 연세대학교 치과대학병원 구강내과에 내원한 환자 중 32명의 의료기록을 분석하였고, 약물치료를 시행한 경우 환자의 증상이 개선된 정도를 평가하였다. 초진시 감각저하 또는 감각부전의 증상을 호소한 총 32명의 환자 (남자 9명, 여자 23명, 평균나이 44세)를 분석하였다. 신경병증의 발생 원인은 근관치료 시 마취 (46.9%), 근관 내 적용한 약재에 의한 화학적 손상 (25%), 근관수술 (15.6%), 기타 원인이 불분명한 경우 (12.5%) 순으로 많았다. 처방된 약물은 스테로이드, 항경련제, 항우울제, 진통제 등이었고, 환자의 증상이 개선될 때까지 약물 용량은 조절되었으며, 약물 복용 기간은 1주일에서 11개월까지 다양하였다. 증상이 나타난 부위에 따라 하치조신경 손상으로 인한 증상을 나타내는 환자가 25명, 설신경 손상으로 인한 증상을 나타내는 환자가 7명이었으며, 약물치료 후 증상이 개선된 경우가 21명 (66%), 증상 개선이 미미하거나 없는 경우가 11명 (34%)이었다. 그 증상은 감각저하와 감각부전으로 분류하였고, 감각저하는 67%, 감각부전은 65% 개선을 보였다. 근관치료와 연관된 하악신경 손상으로 인해 신경병증이 발생된 경우 약물치료를 통한 증상 개선을 도모해 볼 수 있다. 다만, 신경병증의 종류와 회복 수준은 신경 손상의 원인, 정도와 손상 발생 후 치료 시기, 처치 방법 등에 의해 영향을 받으며, 각각의 변수에 따라 통증 강도나 회복 정도에 차이가 있을 것으로 예상되므로 향후 더 많은 개체 수에서 다양한 변수에 대한 정량적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2004

연구배경 : RASSF1A는 종양억제유전자 중의 하나로 폐암을 비롯한 다양한 암에서 프로모터지역의 메틸화에 의해서 발현이 억제된다. 저자들은 편평상피폐암 환자에서 RASSF1A 메틸화가 임상 및 병리소견과 어떠한 연관성을 갖는지 조사해 보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 81예의 편평상피폐암과 정상 폐조직에서 RASSF1A 메틸화를 methylation specific PCR(MSP) 방법과 염기서열 분석방법에 의해서 실험하였고, 임상 및 병리소견과의 연관성을 통계학적으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 편평상피폐암에서 RASSF1A메틸화가 37.0%(30/81)에서 관찰되었다. RASSF1A의 메틸화는 세포분화도와 연관이 있었으며(p=0.0097), 생존율과도 연관이 있을 가능성이 있었다(p=0.0635). 그러나, RASSF1A 메틸화와 TNM 병기, 재발 유무, 임파절전이 유무, 흡연양과는 연관이 없었다. 결 론 : RASSF1A 메틸화가 편평상피폐암의 나쁜 예후와 관계 있을 것으로 생각되며, 향후 더 많은 예를 대상으로 한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.776-790
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• 2000

Every year the number of the elderly increases in Korea thanks to the improvemen of social and economical levels and the development of medicine. However, many problems such as insufficent care and the isolation of the elderly have been commonplace. This trend exists not only because of increased lifespan but also the changing social structure of the nuclear family. Accordingly, inspite of the development of medicine, geriatric diseases including circulatory diseases are increasing in proportion of elderly population, as well as the severity. Therefore, it is important to emphasize that health care programs provide the best possible health care and functional capacities in terms of healthy elderly lifestyles. Especially, the phenomena of aging and geriatric diseases taking place with the elderly naturally are affected by lifestyle and the drastic changes in exercise patterns. This study aims to improve geriatric health by introducing a rhythmic movement program for the elderly to estabilish a health-promoting self-care system and by developing quality of life, perceived health status, their physical and physiological functions and emotional state. The theoretical framework used in this dissertation is derived from the Health-Promoting Self-Care System Model (Simmons, 1990), which integrates the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (Orem, 1985), the interaction model of Client Health Behavior (Cox, 1982) and the Health Promotion Model (Pender, 1987). As a quasi-experimental design, the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design is utilized for this study. The subjects of this study consist of 64 people, over 65 years old who live in 2 nursing homes for the aged located in S city , Kyong-gi province and volunteered for this study from July, 12, 1999 to September, 17, 1999. They are divided into two groups：33 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group. The experimental group particpated in the Rhythmic Movement Program at the nursing home, which was comprised of 45 minutes a session, 5 sessions a week during 9 weeks. In order to measure the results of the Rhythmic Movement Program, aspects of perceived health status, balance, flexibility, grip strength, leg strength, heart rate, blood pressure, depression, anxiety and the quality of life were measured before and after participating in the Rhythimic Movement Program for the experimental group after 9 weeks, as well as the control group. The collected data were processed by SPSS PC+ and analyzed by the X2 test, t-test, ANCOVA and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The perceived health status conditions in the experimental group show statistically significant improvement when compared to the control group (F=17.51, p=.000). 2. The physical and physiological functions, that is, balance (F=17.51, p=.000), flexibility (F=8.01, p=.006), grip strength (F=3.21, p=.018) and leg strength (F=25.78, p=.000) in the experimental group are higher than the control group. The vital signs, that is, the number of heart rate (F=.022, p=.884), systolic pressure (F=1.73 p=.193), and diastolic pressure (F=2.74, p=.103) in the experimental group compared to the control group decreased, but doesn't show statistically significant differences. Immune responses (F=5.13, p=.003) showed statistically significant increases in the experimental group when compared to the control group. 3. The emotional state are improved, that is, degree of depression (F=11.56, p=.001) and degree of anxiety (F=9.14, p=.004) in the experimental group showed statistically significant decreases. 4. The quality of life in the experimental group (F=3.03, p=.037) showed statistically significant differences compared to the control group. 5. The observations of the relationships among the perceived health status, emotional state , the quality of life, the relationships between the perceived health status, the degree of depression (r=-.653, p=.000) and the degree of anxiety (r=-.786, p=.000) were in contrary propotions, while the relationships between the perceived health status and the quality of life (r=.234, p=.008) were in direct propotion. In conclusion, the Rhythmic Movement Program used in this study for geriatric nursing care is simple and safe for application to the elderly and shows significant effects by implementing 5 sessions a week for 9 weeks. The Rhythmic Movement Program improves the quality of life, maintains as well as improves the physical and physiological fuctions and emotional state, therefore this program is strongly recommended for positive applications for independant geriatric nursing health care.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.833-846
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• 2001

Recently, use of natural medicine is getting more attention, and some of them are believed to be effective in　the treatment of periodontitis. Among them, the seeds of safflower(Carthamus tinctrorius L.) have been proven to be effective through its use in bone diseases such as fracture and osteoporosis. During the last few years, studies using the seeds of safflower gown in Korea have been active, and it has been reported that safflower seed extract increase the proliferation and the alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity of human periodontal ligament fibroblast(hPDLF), osteoblast, and that they promote the mineralization process. In animal studies, when safflower seed extract were administered orally new bone formation was promoted. Recently, in an effort to find out the most effective osteogenic components, among many components of the safflower seed, various safflower seed fraction extracts were obtained by multistep extraction of the safflower components using various solvents. Among these, saf-M-W fraction extracted by methanol and water was most effective in increasing osteogenic potential of osteoblasts. In this study, the effect of safflower seed fraction extract, saf-M-W, on the growth and differentiation of hPDLF and MC3T3-E1 cell was investigated. The toxicity of saf-M-W on both cells was measured using M'IT(3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) test, and ALP activity was measured using the colorimetric assay of hPDLF. In addition, in MC3T3-El cells, the expression of ALP, bone sialoprotein(BSP) mRNA was observed using Northern blot, and the mineralized nodule formation Was observed using von Kossa stain and phase-contrast microscope. 1. In concentrations below $10{\mu}g/ml$, saf-M-W didn't show any toxicity on hPDLF and MC3T3-El cell. 2. The change in saf-M-W concentration had no effect on the ALP activity of hPDLF. 3. In MC3T-E1 cells, mRNA expressions of ALP and BSP were greater in the experimental group treated with $10{\mu}g/ml$ concentration of saf-M-W compared with the control group. 4. In MC3T3-El cells, abundance of mineralized nodules were formed in the experimental group treated with $10{\mu}g/ml$ Concentration of saf-M-W, while no mineralized nodule was formed in the control group. These results suggest that safflower seed fraction extract, saf-M-W. didn't show any toxicity on hPDLF and MC3T3-E1 cell at concentrations below $10{\mu}g/ml$ and effectively enhanced the differentiation and osteogenic potential of MC3T3-El cell.