• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.743-752
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• 2019

Objectives: Grip strength is a measure for assessing overall muscle strength, muscle mass, and nutritional status, and is a useful tool for early examination of a person's general health. Thus, this study analyzed the association between oral health-related factors and grip strength, using the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Methods: Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 25.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) software with a complex sampling analysis of stratified and clustered variables, all with weighted values, applied for every analysis conducted. From the 6th KNHANES data, a total of 26,101 people were selected as the study population. A complex sample generalized linear model analysis was performed for participants' sociodemographic characteristics, health status, use of oral care products, and factors such as adult mastication and speaking habits. Results: Grip strength was found to be higher among men compared to women. Grip strength was the highest in the 20-39 year old group. Furthermore, grip strength was statistically significantly higher among married and employed individuals, and in the right hand (p<0.001). Grip strength was statistically significantly higher among people who perceived themselves to have good health and among those who did not have health-related problems in the past two weeks (p<0.001). It was also higher among those who used interdental brushes and electronic toothbrushes (p<0.001), but decreased with greater discomfort in mastication and speaking among adults (p<0.05). Conclusions: Grip strength was found to be associated with oral health-related factors and therefore, these could be helpful tools in evaluating both general and subjective health statuses. In general, oral care products are small in size with oral care involving the use of hands and certain precise motions and actions to remove foreign substances in the oral cavity. As shown in the findings, grip strength declines with increased age and as a result, the use of oral care products should be strongly recommended in order to promote better general health.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.352-364
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Given the increasing proportion of the Korean population that is aged 65 years and older, the present study analyzed the relationship between diet quality and sarcopenia in elderly persons by using data from the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data for 3,373 persons aged 65 years and over (men: 1,455, 43.1%) were selected from the 2008-2011 KNHANES. Sarcopenia assessments are based on a formula that divides a subject's appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) by their weight (wt) and multiplies that result by 100 ([ASM/wt] × 100). Sarcopenia is present if the subject's result was less than one standard deviation (SD) below the sex-specific mean for a young reference group. For evaluation of diet quality, data obtained via the 24-hour recall method were used to calculate the Diet Quality Index for Koreans (DQI-K). A general linear model was applied in order to analyze general information and nutritional intake according to sarcopenia status. For analysis of the relationship between diet quality and sarcopenia, a binominal logistic regression analysis was undertaken. RESULTS: The sarcopenia prevalence rate among the study subjects aged 65 years and over was 37.6%. The DQI-K of those without sarcopenia was 3.33 ± 0.04 points, while that of those with sarcopenia was 3.45 ± 0.04 points (P < 0.05). The relationship between diet quality and sarcopenia revealed that subjects aged 75 and older had a poor diet quality, and their odds ratio (OR) of sarcopenia presence was significantly higher (OR: 1.807, 95% confidence interval: 1.003-3.254, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that poor diet quality was related to sarcopenia presence in Koreans aged 75 and older. In order to improve the diet quality of the elderly (aged 75 and older), it is necessary to develop dietary improvement guidelines.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.875-889
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to assess a dietary status and to examine the factors related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean children and adolescents. For this study, 5,576 subjects aged 10~18 years, who participated in the health and dietary intake survey (24h recall method) of the 2007~2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), were sampled. The five components for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in the subjects were taken from the modified NCEP-ATP III. The total prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the subjects was 4.6%. The total prevalences of the metabolic syndrome components among the subjects were central obesity 8.4%, hypertriglyceridemia 18.8%, low HDL-cholesterol 13.4%, hypertension 22.4%, and hyperglycemia 5.2%. The gender, age, weight status, frequency of daily meals and eating-out frequency of subjects affected the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Based on these results, There should be to improve the dietary guidelines and nutrition education to decrease the prevalence of metabolic syndrome for Korean children and adolescents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.518-526
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• 2011

To determine blood heavy metal concentrations by seafood consumption in Korean adults, blood cadmium, mercury, and lead concentrations in a representative sample of 1,709 Koreans participated in the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES IV-2) in 2008 were analyzed by age and seafood consumption frequency. The mean blood cadmium, mercury, and lead concentrations were $1.14{\pm}0.73{\mu}g/L$, $5.50{\pm}3.83{\mu}g/L$, and $2.56{\pm}1.22{\mu}g/dL$, respectively. The subjects aged ${\geq}$ 50 years had significantly higher blood cadmium concentrations than the subjects aged 20~39 years. Blood mercury concentrations of the 50's were significantly higher than those of the 20's and 30's (p < 0.05). Approximately, 43% of males and 22% of females had blood mercury concentrations > $5.8{\mu}g/L$ which is a blood mercury level equivalent to the current Reference Dose. Only 2 subjects had lead concentrations > $10{\mu}g/dL$, the standard lead level by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA. The subjects consuming pollack, mackerel, anchovy, corvina, shellfish, and salted seafood at least once a week had significantly higher mercury concentrations than the subjects consuming those seafoods less than once a month. However, there were no clear relationships between blood cadmium and lead concentrations and seafood consumption frequencies.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.123-131
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of diabetes and related factors and thereby to provide fundamental data for the prevention and management of diabetes. This study is a secondary analysis based on the raw data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for the years 2011 and 2021. Analysis method was frequency analysis, complex samples Chi-square test, complex samples logistic regression analysis. As a result of the study, the factors related to diabetes were sex, age, education level, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and subjective health recognition in 2011(Negelkerke R²=.255), and sex, age, education level, hypertension, dyslipidemia, mother's diabetes, and subjective health recognition in 2021(Negelkerke R²=.327). This study is meaningful in that the factors related to diabetes were identified according to time trend, and the changes in the related factors were confirmed. Development and application of an intervention program to prevent diabetes are necessary.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

As Korea is expected to become super high aged society in 2026, nutrition is important elements of health in the elderly and affects their life. In epidemiological surveys, anthropometric and biochemical measurements represent important components of nutritional assessment in elderly. In the present study, we investigated anthropometric index, biochemical markers, and nutrient intake for elderly aged over 85 by using data on 71 elderly (24 men, 47 women) over 85 years which was obtained from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009. According to BMI values, the prevalence of underweight and obesity was 9.7% and 34.5% in men, and 7.9% and 26.4% in women. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 70.7% in men and 25.0% in women. However, plasma biochemical data are normal range in the older population. In nutrients intake, daily Intake of energy, protein, dietary fiber, water, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, and potassium was inadequate considering the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans(KDRIs). In conclusion, elderly need to be educated nutrition and their health dietary life to prevent malnutrition, and standard of nutrition intake should be rearranged in elderly aged 85 over considering their antrhopometric index.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.439-453
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• 2011

This study was performed to determine dietary and lifestyle factors associated with hypertension in Korean adolescents. Study subjects were 12~19 years (n = 521) adolescents who participated in the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III). Subjects were divided into the hypertensive group (HG, n = 102) and normotensive group (NG, n = 419) by '2007 Korean children and adolescents growth standard' and the relationships between blood pressure and physical measurement, nutrients intakes, eating behaviors and health related factors were analyzed. HG showed significantly higher levels in weight, waist circumference and BMI than NG. The amount of nutrient intakes was not different between NG and HG. Index of nutritional quality (INQ) for phosphate was higher in HG compared with NG. In both male and female HG, INQ for iron was higher but INQ for vitamin B1 was lower than NG. HG revealed higher consumption frequencies of snack, yoghurt, and ice cream compared with NG. In eating and behavioral factors, 'dinner with family', 'eat proper amount', 'keep Korean traditional diet', alcohol drinking, and mean alcohol intake were significantly different between the two groups. By logistic regression method, risk factors for hypertension revealed in this study were gender (male), age (15~19 years), BMI (${\geq}\;85$ percentile), and not keeping Korean traditional diet. These results suggest that education program for hypertension prevention in adolescents should include eating habits improvement and lifestyle modification as well as weight control.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.110-122
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• 2014

This study investigated factors affecting the bone mineral density (BMD) of Korean young adult women (20~30 yrs) living in Seoul, according to the state of employment. Data on BMD and anthropometric and biochemical measurements were obtained from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V) (2010~2011). BMD of the working group (WG) was generally higher than that of the non-working group (NWG). The prevalence of osteopenia, and osteoporosis between the groups was 29.0/31.5%, and 12.9/18.5% from 20~29 yrs as well as 25.5/24.1%, and 20.2/20.5% from 30~39 yrs, respectively. From 20~29 yrs, prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in the WG was lower than that of the NWG. Alkaline phosphatase activity of the WG was lower than that of the NWG. In the WG, from 20~29 yrs, total femur BMD showed significant positive correlations with waist circumstance and BMI. In the NWG, from 20~29 yrs, total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine BMDs showed significant positive correlations with weight and fat mass, whereas they showed significant negative correlations with vitamin D. In the WG, from 30~39 yrs, total femur and femoral neck BMDs showed significant positive correlations with weight and free fat mass. The results of this study show that BMD of young adult women is insufficient regardless of their employment status. Therefore, practical and systematic programs are required to improve the BMD of young adult women as well as to maintain healthy bone levels.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.347-354
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between pit and fissure sealants of the molars, and caries prevalence and experience to assess the effect of sealants on caries prevention. Methods: Data from 16,119 people were extracted from the seventh Korean national health and nutrition examination survey, which was conducted from 2016 to 2018. Demographic, socioeconomic, oral health-related behavioral, and oral examination survey data were collected as independent variables. SAS statistics for complex samples and multiple logistic regression analysis (Windows ver. 9.4) was used for the statistical analyses. Results: Caries prevalence and experience were significantly associated with age, sex, daily toothbrushing frequency, interdental cleaning, and having molar sealant. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between having molar sealants and the caries prevalence and experience among participants under 30 years of age after adjusting socio-economic variables and toothbrushing-related factors. Conclusions: This study confirmed the effect of molar sealants on caries prevention in Korea. Our results support that the application of molar sealants in children, adolescents, and young individuals is effective in preventing caries.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.84 no.4
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• pp.274-281
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• 2021

Background: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is a well-designed survey to collect national data, which many researchers have used for their studies. In KNHANES, although portable spirometry was used, its reliability has not been verified. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 58 participants from four Korean institutions. The participants were classified into normal pattern, obstructive pattern, and restrictive pattern groups according to their previous spirometry results. Lung function was estimated by conventional spirometry and portable spirometry, and the results were compared. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients of forced vital capacity (FVC) (coefficient, 9.993; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.988-0.996), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) (coefficient, 0.997; 95% CI, 0.995-0.998), FEV₁/FVC ratio (coefficient, 0.995; 95% CI, 0.992-0.997), and forced expiratory flow at 25-75% (FEF25-75%; coefficient, 0.991; 95% CI, 0.984-0.994) were excellent (all p<0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the results of the three parameters were similar in all groups. In the overall and subgroup analyses, Pearson's correlation of all the parameters was also excellent in the total (coefficient, 0.986-0.994; p<0.001) and subgroup analyses (coefficient, 0.915-0.995; p<0.001). In the paired t-test, FVC, FEV₁/FVC, and FEF25-75% estimated by the two instruments were statistically different. However, FEV₁ was not significantly different. Conclusion: Lung function estimated by portable spirometry was well-correlated with that estimated by conventional spirometry. Although the values had minimal differences between them, we suggest that the spirometry results from the KNHANES are reliable.