• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.331-338
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• 2014

The continued efforts to reduce GHG emission by international cooperation and each country are in progress. As part of these efforts, Korea's ETS is enforced in 2015. This was the time to make strategies for each company to respond Korea's ETS. This study was performed to suggest a draft of basic strategies for electronic component industry in current Korea's ETS stage are as follows; - Analyzing the nature of electronic component industry - Identifying needs for corresponding ETS of electronic component industry - Analyzing basic countermeasures for each stage of ETS - Suggesting drafts of basic strategies for electronic component industry in current Korea's ETS stage The result of this study, the current stage of Korea's ETS is moving from implementation of the scheme become determined and prepare the minimum corresponding to direct corresponding to the regulation and market change. Electronic component industry has many GHG emission growth(or change) factor, and it will be make electronic component industry as a buyer when Korea's ETS is enforced. Korea's ETS will be clearly act as a regulation rather than new business for electronic component industry. Therefore, identifying the Korea's ETS as a regulation is resonable strategy for corresponding the scheme. The basic strategies of electronic component industry th responding Korea's ETS are as follows; - Building internal organization and decision-making system before enforcement the Korea's ETS - Establishing internal basic corresponding strategies according to carbon price forecast scenarios - Considering the energy consumption and GHG emissions in design phase and preparing the global ETS market in mid or long term.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.115-130
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• 2022

In this study, I focus on analyzing how the effects of implementing ETS are different depending on whether Korean ETS linking with carbon markets in other countries. The global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model built in this study analyzes the chages in the production and trade of industrial sectors according to the international linkage of ETS compared to the reference scenario of emissions reduction targets and implementation of ETS. From the analysis of internatioanl linkage of carbon markets scenarios, Annex B countries-South Korea carbon market linkage with individual ETS in China worse the economic outcomes in South Korea the most. This means South Korea lose the international competitiveness compared to China in this scenario. On the other hand, Annex B-China carbon market linkage with Korean individual ETS implementation reduce the decreases in production and trading. The most effective way is to join a global emissions trading market with China. The results are consistent in most industries of South Korea. These results are caused by that the supply of emission allowance is increased and the price of emissions allowances is dropped by China's participation to the carbon market, which can be understood to reduce the carbon reduction cost for industrial sectors. In addition, it can be also concluded that the determinant of the negative impact of ETS on changes in production and trade is more sensitive to the price of emissions allowances than to the characteristics of production and trade structure.

• 무역학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.189-208
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• 2023

본 논문은 한국 ETS시장, 에너지시장 및 주식시장 간의 동태적 조건부 상관관계를 분석하였다. 본 논문은 2015년 2월 2일부터 2021년 12월 30일까지의 한국 탄소배출권 거래가격, WTI원유 선물가격, 코스피지수의 일별 자료를 이용하여 실증분석하였다. 우선, GARCH 모형을 사용하여 세 시장의 변동성에 대해 분석한 후, 이변량 DCC-GARCH 모형을 사용하여 세 시장 간의 동태적 조건부 상관관계를 연구하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국의 ETS시장이 주식시장보다 투자 수익률과 투자 위험도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 한국 ETS시장의 수익률 변동성이 외부 충격의 영향을 가장 많이 받고, 시장 자체의 변동성 정보로부터 받는 영향이 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 한국 ETS시장이 WTI원유 선물시장보다 주식시장과의 상관관계의 지속성이 더 강한 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문은 한국 ETS시장, 에너지시장 및 주식시장 간의 상관관계를 분석하여 한국 ETS시장의 금융화 수준이 상당히 낮은 것을 확인하였다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.127-145
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• 2011

European Union unilaterally included the emissions from aviation activities into EU ETS on 19 November 2008 by amending Directive 2003/87/EC. According to the Directive all the emissions(mainly against the CO2) from aviation activities shall be subject to the regulation of EU ETS from 2012. For the period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2012, the total quantity of allowances to be allocated to aircraft operators shall be equivalent to 97% of the historical aviation emission s. From 1 January 2013, the allowances will be reduced to 95%. The allocation of allowances which may be applied by each operator with free of charge will be reduced from 85% to 82% from 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2013. Since the Directive will affect every country's airline industry more or less, the nations and international organizations respond variously. The controversial focus is that whether EU has the right to unilaterally include the emissions from international aviation activities into EU ETS. This article firstly analyzes the effect caused by EU ETS to China's airline industry, and then studies the legality of the action of EU subject to current positive international law, and finally draws the conclusion that EU enjoys no such right to unilaterally include the emissions from international aviation activities.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.45-64
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper examines South Korea's potential status as a carbon leakage country, and the level of risk posed by the Korean emissions trading scheme (ETS) for Korean industries. The economic effects of border carbon adjustments (BCAs) to protect energy-intensive Korean industries in the process of achieving the carbon reduction target by 2030 through the Korean ETS are also analyzed. Design/methodology - First, using the Korean Input-Output (IO) table, this paper calculates the balance of emissions embodied in trade (BEET) and the pollution terms of trade (PTT) to determine Korean industries' carbon leakage status. Analyses of the risk level posed by carbon reduction policy implementation in international trade are conducted for some sectors by applying the EU criteria. Second, using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, three BCA scenarios, exemption regulations (EXE), reimbursement (REB), and tariff reduction (TAR) to protect the energy-intensive industries under the Korean ETS are addressed. Compared to the baseline scenario of achieving carbon reduction targets by 2030, the effects of BCAs on welfare, carbon leakage, outputs, and trading are analyzed. Findings - As Korea's industrial structure has been transitioning from a carbon importing to a carbon leaking country. The results indicate that some industrial sectors could face the risk of losing international competitiveness due to the Korean ETS. South Korea's industries are basically exposed to risk of carbon leakage because most industries have a trade intensity higher than 30%. This could be interpreted as disproving vulnerability to carbon leakage. Although the petroleum and coal sector is not in carbon leakage, according to BEET and PTT, the Korean ETS exposes this sector to a high risk of carbon leakage. Non-metallic minerals and iron and steel sectors are also exposed to a high risk of carbon leakage due to the increased burden of carbon reduction costs embodied in the Korean ETS, despite relatively low levels of trade intensity. BCAs are demonstrated to have an influential role in protecting energy-intensive industries while achieving the carbon reduction target by 2030. The EXE scenario has the greatest impact on mitigation of welfare losses and carbon leakage, and the TAF scenario causes a disturbance in the international trade market because of the pricing adjustment system. In reality, the EXE scenario, which implies completely exempting energy-intensive industries, could be difficult to implement due to various practical constraints, such as equity and reduction targets and other industries; therefore, the REB scenario presents the most realistic approach and appears to have an effect that could compensate for the burden of economic activities and emissions regulations in these industries. Originality/value - This paper confirms the vulnerability of the Korean industrial the risk of carbon leakage, demonstrating that some industrial sectors could be exposed to losing international competitiveness by implementing carbon reduction policies such as the Korean ETS. The contribution of this paper is the identification of proposed approaches to protect Korean industries in the process of achieving the 2030 reduction target by analyzing the effects of BCA scenarios using a CGE model.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2014

온실가스에 의한 지구온난화는 전 지구적인 환경문제로 대두되었고, 국제적인 협력관계와 더불어 각 국가별 온실가스 감축 등 기후변화에 적응 대응을 위한 활동이 꾸준히 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 국외 주요 배출권거래제도와 국내배출권거래제도의 주요 특징을 비교하고, 반도체 산업의 현황 분석을 통하여, 2015년에 시행될 예정인 국내배출권거래제의 안착을 통한 온실가스 감축과 국내 산업경쟁력의 유지 그리고 국내기업의 환경경영 경쟁력 강화라는 목표를 성공적으로 달성할 수 있도록 해야 한다는 전제하에 이루어졌다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2015년 시행예정인 한국의 탄소배출권거래제도에 대해 유럽연합, 미국, 뉴질랜드 등 기 시행 중인 온실가스배출권거래제의 사례를 조사하여 국내 배출권거래제의 성공적인 운영을 위한 준비 차원에서 연구조사를 실시하였고, 반도체 산업의 분석을 통해 배출권거래제의 도입에 따른 기업 차원에서 배출권거래의 안정화를 위해 취할 수 있는 세부적인 정책제언을 도출하였다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.129-167
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• 2021

배출권거래제는 온실가스 감축과 저탄소 사회로의 전환을 위한 핵심 정책이다. EU 배출권거래제(EU ETS)는 운영기간, 핵심 설계 노하우 등에서 국내 배출권거래제보다 앞서 있는 좋은 벤치마크 대상이다. 이에 본 연구는 EU ETS 4기의 주요 제도 설계를 배출허용총량(Cap), 배출권 무상할당방식, 유·무상할당업종 선정 방식, 시장안정화 조치, 감축지원제도 등을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 그리고 EU ETS 1-4기의 주요 설계와 주요 설계 변경이 향후 국내 배출권거래제의 설계 및 운영에 미칠 영향을 각각 분석해보았다. 우선, 국내 배출권거래제 설계에 대한 영향으로는 벤치마크 갱신 방안 마련, 국내 산업구조 및 특성을 반영한 무상할당업종 선정 기준 마련과 2단계 평가 도입, 경매 수익의 구체적 활용방안 마련의 세 가지 요구가 증대될 것으로 예상된다. 다음으로 향후 배출권거래제 운영에 미칠 영향으로는 제도 개정의 객관적이고 심도있는 영향평가, 계획 및 제도 개정의 이른 확정을 통한 제도 안정성 및 대응 기회 제공, 배출권 거래제 거버넌스 조정 및 이해관계자 참여 확대 유도 세 가지를 들 수 있다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.667-679
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• 2015

The bearer of the power sector's ETS compliance cost is power consumer for the following reasons. Firstly, power companies are constrained in establishing appropriate strategies to comply with ETS regulations due to the structural differences between the domestic power market and emission trading system. In other words, because power companies do not have a right to determine price and production of electricity, they have to compete with other companies under disadvantaged conditions in the emission trading market. Secondly, because ETS compliance cost is part of power production costs as it is also clearly written in the national greenhouse gas reduction road-map and the second energy supply plan, the cost should be included in power price following the power market operation rule. Thirdly, the most effective method to reduce carbon emissions in power sector is to reduce power demand, which is efficiently achieved through raising power price to a realistic level. Low power price in Korea is the major cause of rising power demand which is also the major cause of rising GHG emission. Therefore, power sector's ETS compliance cost should be included in power price to encourage power consumers' actions on reducing power consumption. Fourthly, when externality cost occurs in the process of delivering public services, usually beneficiary pay principle is applied to identify the cost bearer. Since electricity is one representative public good, the bearer of power sector's ETS compliance cost is power consumer.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.399-400
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• 1999

From the scientific point of view, any regulation of the emissions of toxic air pollutants in general, and ETS or VOCs in particular, will inevitably be based on exposure levels and consequential health effects, data of this nature is still lacking for most of ETS and VOCs. In this context, the importance of personal monitoring measurements of ETS and VOCs in relation to risk assessment has been emphasized previously.(omitted)

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2022

온실가스 감축이 전세계 주요 이슈가 됨에 따라 ETS에 대한 중요성과 관심이 높아지고 있다. 한국은 2015년 ETS 도입 이후 제도의 긍정적 효과와 함께 다양한 문제점에 직면하게 되었다. 본 논문에서 주목하는 점은 산업단지 집단에너지의 ETS 제도 적용에서의 이슈이다. 산업단지 집단에너지라는 산업형태는 세계에서 찾아볼 수 없는 한국의 독특한 산업 형태이다. 따라서 선행된 나라들과 같은 방식으로 제도를 시행할 경우 여러 문제점을 야기할 수밖에 없다. 특히 산업단지 집단에너지는 수요처의 요구에 따라 공급하는 열의 조건과 양이 결정되고 그에 따라 발전량이 결정된다는 특징이 있다. 따라서 수요에 의해 열병합 발전에서 생산하는 열의 온도가 달라지면 탄소배출권 산정결과에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보았다.