• 건축역사연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2014

The Korean Legation in Washington, D.C., is a proof that Emperor Kojong of Chosun Dynasty tried to establish relationship with the U.S. in 1891, that was before the declaration to establish Korean Empire. In that sense, the building is a historic place. The legation building is a symbolic place attesting to the turbulent history at the time of 1890 to 1910, when Korea had to suffer the forced treaty with Japan in 1905 and the annexation into Japan, and then to the 20th century up to the present time, 2014. The legation building can be turned into a space to host well-planned exhibits to show Korea's history and culture to local residents, foreign visitors to Washington, D.C., and overseas Koreans. The followings are the basic principles for the future use of the legation in line with the basic direction. The building's use should not be limited to museum, but should be flexible to accommodate various different practical usage. It is necessary to make the Korean Legation building that can incorporate the characters and the history through modern interpretation of the historicity of the place, the Korean culture, and historical events. The future usage of the Korean Legation building should enhance the value as a cultural heritage by linking the interpretation of the historical events and real life shown through exhibits, performance and people.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.56-71
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• 2013

본 연구는 조선시대 궁궐 후원에 위치한 다용도 공지의 조영역사를 구명하고, 이와 내적 맥락을 같이 하는 고종 연간의 다용도 공지를 고찰한 것으로서, 중건 경복궁 및 경운궁 임어기에 후원 공지를 조성한 배경과 그 이용에 관한 조사가 이루어졌다. 궁궐 내의 다용도 공지는 조선의 정치무대에서 매우 중요한 기능적 공간이자, 국가운영의 기반시설이 되었다. 조선이 성립된 후로 창덕궁에서 왕실의 행사를 거행하는 공지로는 광연루(廣延樓)와 해온정 사이의 공터, 열무정(閱武亭) 일대, 서총대와 춘당대(春塘臺)가 조사되었으며, 여기서 활쏘기, 과거시험, 군사훈련과 다양한 연회가 이루어졌다. 고종 즉위 후에는 중건 경복궁에 경무대(京武臺)가 조성되었고, 경운궁에 환어한 고종 34년 뒤에는 경희궁이 영외 후원처럼 사용되었다. 두 공간의 특징으로, 신무문(神武門) 밖 후원의 경무대는 창덕궁의 공간구성이 이입된 특성이 있으며, 경희궁의 경우 원활한 공간 연계를 위해 운교(雲橋)가 설치되었다. 특히 고종 시대 후원 다용도 공지는 과거시험이나 시사(試射)와 같은 이전에도 있었던 국가적 행사장의 의미를 넘어서 제국주의 열강의 조선 침탈이 가속화 되는 시점에서 일국의 자주독립을 대내외적으로 과시하고, 국왕의 위엄과 권위를 보여주는 장소로 기능하였다. 또한 다용도 공지가 대규모 인원을 동원한 관병식(觀兵式) 등의 군사조련장으로 주로 활용된 사실은 시대성을 반영한 결과로 간주된다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2014

본 연구는 궁궐의 원형 복원문제와 관련된 논리적 판단의 준거들을 추출하고, 이를 경복궁과 창덕궁에 적용시켜 봄으로써, 그 효용성을 확인하는데 있다. 또한 궁궐의 원형 복원의 문제점들에 대한 해결 방향을 제안하는데 의의가 있다. 우선 원형을 판단하기 위한 준거로는 "통시성과 공시성, 시원성과 시대성, 불변성과 변형성"의 6 개념을 추출하였다. 현재 경복궁은 1888년을 시대성 기준으로 복원하고 있지만, 1395년의 시원성을 갖는 원형에 주목할 필요성이 있다. 또한 현재 경복궁의 복원은 건물 위주로 복원하고 있지만, 추후 연구에서는 근대 촬영된 경복궁 사진을 밑바탕으로 경복궁의 원형경관이 복원될 수 있도록 더 많은 노력이 필요하다. 창덕궁 존덕정 일원은 약 240년 동안 통시적 불변성을 지닌 원형이 1884년경에 변형된 것이다. 1884년이라는 시대성보다는 통시적 불변성을 더 중요하므로 동궐도의 원형대로 복원되어야 한다. 창덕궁 연경당 일원 원형에 대한 문제는 효명세자의 시원적 원형과 고종 때의 시대적 원형이 동일한 지역에 중복적으로 나타나는 지역이므로 복원을 위해서는 새로운 해결 방안을 모색하여야 한다. 옥류천 지역은 1636년(인조 14년)에 시작하여 숙종, 정조를 거치면서 적어도 1884년(고종 21년)까지 약 250년간 불변성(不變性)과 통시성이 돋보이는 원형이다. 1884년 이후 옥류천 지역에 이루어진 변형은 의미를 찾을 수가 없다. 따라서 옥류천 지역의 원형 회복을 위해서는 동궐도를 기준으로 변형된 경관을 복원해야만 한다. 그 밖에 옥류천을 건너는 다리, 샘, 담장, 초가들도 동궐도 기준으로 원형을 복원해야만 한다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.151-173
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• 1991

A review of the royal banquet rituals which were excuted twice a day for consecutive three days for master were found to be progressed; 1st day for Queen Mother, 2nd day for King, 3rd day for Crown Prince very orderly. And performing dozens of dances and musics at each intervals of this procedure. The Sequence of rituals were summarized as follows. 1. Entering by order of low in rance. 2. Opening a ceremony. 3. Setting napkins, spoons and chopsticks and sumptuous table for master. 4. Offering flowers to master and then granting that flowers to subjects 5. Singing a open song. 6. Setting wine/side dishes for master and complimenting master's achievement/wellness. 7. Bowing politely three times and giving cheers. 8. Distributing wine/dishes to high ranked subjects. 9. Offering special dishes for master. 10. Distributing wine to low ranked subjects. 11. Singing a closing song. 12. Taking away tables. 13. Closing a banquet and leaving the hall.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.259-276
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• 1991

The review of side dishes, oereal dishes and seasonings of the banquet on the 24th year of King Kojong in Chosun Dynasty were summarized as follows: 1. Ten kinds of soups(=Tang), that is Yyolguja Tang$.$Guja Tang$.$Keumjung Tang$.$Whanja Tang$.$Jap Tang$.$Gol Tang$.$Seunggiwa Tang$.$Jeopo Tang$.$Haesam Tang$.$Yang Tang were served. The most frequently served soup among them was Yyolguja Tang. 2. Various kinds of dried meat/fish were piled up most highly among dishes. Sliced beef and minced beef among dried meats, white cud$.$yellow cud$.$flatfish$.$skate$.$shark$.$octopus$.$dried abalone$.$cuttle fish$.$dried scallop were piled up together. 3. Sliced of boiled beef/pork and gelatined knuckles were assorted. Boiled meat which was made of beef, pork, lamb, liver, stomach, brisket and plat flank of caw was chiefly used for boiled beef, hams for boiled pork, mediumsized lamb for boiled lamb. And the legs and stomach of caw, old chicken, mullet were used for gelatined knuckle. 4. Three kinds of pan-frying dishes that was stomach and liver of caw, and mullet were usually piled up, If one kind in one dish, sea cucumber and mullet were used respectively. 5. Boiled abalone was dried abalone with soaked, sliced and boiled down in soysauce. 6. Roasted dish was usually made of assorted food stuffs. Sometimes chicken an pheasant was used for roasted dish. 7. Steamed dish was like this : assorted beef, fresh abalone, sea cucumber, mullet, young pork, chicken, dried abalone. 8. Raw dish was made of intestine of caw, fresh abalone and mullet. 9. Poached egg was serving decorated with red pepper, pine-nut and green onion. 10. Seasoned green-been-jelly was served only one time. 11. Radish kimchi was served only one time. 12. Chief foods were nuddle and stuffed bun. 13. Served seasings were honey, mustard, soysauce with vinegar, salt. Review from banquet menu, 34 kinds of side dishes were served : 10 kinds of soup, dried fish/meat, boiled beef, boiled pork, gelatined knuckle, 5 kinds of panfrying, boiled-down-abalone in soysauce, 3 kinds of roast, 5 kinds of steamed, 3 kinds of raw dishes, pouched egg, green-bean-jelly, kimchi. 4 kinds of chief foods were served : nuddle, dry nuddle, 2 kinds of dumping.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.211-235
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• 1974

A. The principal geographical descriptions compiled by the government during Yi dynasty started from the Shinchan-Paldo-Chiriji(新撰八道地理志) which was compiled by the royal decree in the sixth year (1424) of King Sejong(世宗) and it ended in the Jungbo-Munhonbiko(增補文獻備考) which was published in the second year(1908) of Yunghyi(隆熙). The process of their compilations can be divided into four steps according to the compilatory work's contents of the principal geographical descriptions which were compiled through the Yi dynasty. We can say that the first step (1424-1454) of those works began at the date of the compilation of the Shinchan-Paldochiriji and it ended in the date of the compilation of the "Sejongsilok-Chiriji"(世宗實錄地理志), and during that period the Kyonsangdo-Chiriji(慶尙道地理志) was published. In the second step(1455-1531), were published the Paldochiriji,(八道地理志), Kyongsangdosokchanchiriji(慶尙道續撰地理志), DonggukYojisungnam(東國與地勝覽) and the third step (1532-1769) began at the date of the compilation of the Dongguk-Munhonbiko(東國文獻備考) and it ended in the date of the publication of the Jungbo-Munhonbiko(東國文獻備考), and in that period the Jongjung-Munhonbiko(訂增文獻備考) was published. The works of compilation of the Eubjis in the period of King Kojong(高宗) came within the category of the fourth step. B. Generally speaking, the state geographical descriptions were composed of the regional data of the country which were collected and arranged. In other words, firstly, the Eubjis were compiled in each county, secondly, the Dojis(道誌) were compiled based upon the collections of all the Kunjis(郡誌), lastly, the government collected all the Dojis and compiled them into the state geographical descriptions. The Eubjis in the early days of Yi dynasty were compiled as the data for the compilation of the nation-wide geographical descriptions, but the Eubjis in the age of King Kojong were compiled as the administrative data. C. The main contents of the Eubjis were composed of the descriptions on the geography, history, industry, naval and military affairs, traffics, communication, administration, economy and society, and of the matters on the prose and poetry, persons of loyalty, historic remains, social customs and schools. Consequently, the above-mentioned data will be contributed to the study on the structures of the geography, history, economy, administration, education, naval and military affairs and traffics as well as the study on the literature, social customs and bibliography. Especially, they will be important data for the arrangement of cultural assets of our country. Furthermore, because the traditional study of national literature was centered around the study on the central government ignoring the study on the regional matters, the study of the Eubjis will be worthy of being valued.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.37-55
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• 1987

Pasul (Herein after referred to Korean-styled Pasul) to cover up the secrets, which has originated from Bool-an original mode of clothes is to put around a belt with a kind of towel. With the development of culture, it has been handed down the parts of ornamental and symbolic functions, losted its particular and original one. In general, we cannot exactly show when the Pasul has been used as a ritual dress, but, dare to maintain in this thesis, which has been used in Koguryu era. This thesis is summarized as follows: 1. The Bool, which is the first dress of all has its origin in the prehistory, and gradually has developed to a ceremonial dress with the help of man's intelligence. 2. Korean-styled Pasul has continuously been handed down from generation to generation (to adding up, from Koguryu era to Yi dynasty). Today, the color of the Pasul is known as a pink one, but I, herein, would like to refer that king Kojong in Yi dynasty had on a yellow-colored Pasul. 3. With becoming to be a form of ceremonial dress, the Bool has become to be complicated in style. For example, in the Koguryu era, the style is in the form of 'U,' and in Koryu era, it is the echelon formation tinting a pink color and weaving a mountain and flare shaped designs, and its dimension, the upper is one ja (a ja means a unit of length, 0.33 M), the lower, two ja, its length three ja. The Bool of Yi dynasty tints a pink color, and weaves a seaweeds, rices, axes and shaped designs. The Pasul which King Kojong in Yi dynasty put in, was a yellow-colored one weaving dragons and fire shaped design. 4. The Pasul is a ceremonial dress used a ritual or court dress. The purposes of wearing it are to distinguish the upper from the lower classes, to make them abide by regulations, and to respect courtesy. Accordingly, the Pasul. as the dress for special occassions does make us review the old and learn the new. 5. The reason that Pasul has been handed down are: 1) richness and fecundity. 2) symbol mark to represent classicalism. 3) to symbolize the authority by putting on it, for it is necessary to distinguish the upper from the lower classes along with the class consciousness in society. 6. On the basis of the study, the Pasul transition is to be handed down the function of the ornament and symbol. after losted its original functions, with the development of culture.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

본 연구는 고종 연간 경복궁 후원의 북쪽에 조성된 오운각 권역의 특성과 창덕궁 후원 옥류천에 구비되어 있던 기능적 요소가 경복궁 후원으로 치환되었던 양상을 고찰한 것이다. 오운각 권역은 샘과 천하제일복지 각자가 있던 기존의 공간을 활용하여 왕의사적인 공간으로 정비된 공간이었다. 고종은 오랫동안 창덕궁 옥류천이 담당했던 왕실의 휴식과 위락기능을 중건 경복궁에 그대로 옮기려 하였다. 그 결과, 옥류천과 유사한 기능을 하도록 조성된 오운각 권역이 후원의 별원으로 개발되었다. 양자 간에는 후원의 최북단에 조성된 입지 외에도, 건물의 구성 및 유배거의 기능을 했던 것으로 추정되는 관상용 수경설계 등에서 공통점이 발견되었다. 오운각 권역은 옥련정, 오운각, 벽화실과 천하제일복지천의 수경시설로 구성되었다. 이중에서 벽화실을 제외한 나머지는 모두 옥류천과 직간접적인 관련성을 갖되, 지형의 굴곡, 경사, 수계의 상황 등 주어진 입지조건에 따라 조성되어 색다른 정감을 갖는 공간으로 개발되었다. 먼저, 옥련정은 남산에 이르는 서울의 경관을 조망하기 위해 높은 언덕에 입지하였고, 천하제일복지천의 독특한 형식의 수로는 위이암의 유배거의 기능을 모방한 형태로 추정된다. 한편 오운각은 옥류천의 농산정과 같이 주거가 가능한 집으로 조영된 것이었다. 이러한 구성요소는 다분히 옥류천의 기능과 위상을 경복궁에 치환하기 위한 조성목적을 표출하고 있으며, 이러한 점은 조선시대 궁궐 후원의 기능 공간이었던 별원의 특성을 잘 대변하는 것으로 해석되었다.

• 대기
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.407-433
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• 2015

First half of my article focused on analyzing the current state of historical materials regarding weather and climate, and established a list of weather-related historical literature collection of Korea with which to make a lexical approach to the situations of all kinds of weather literature. It also put emphasis on gathering information and data of weather logs from journal-type historical records which were contained in 48 weather-related journals of Choseon period. The results of this research are expected to be useful for the activation of study in historical meteorology. The latter half of my research focused on analyzing various meteorological states of sunny, cloudy, rainy, snowy and frosty weather which were recorded in the official Annals of King Kojong (1864~1907). And it re-verified historical rainfall data of preceding researches of Wada Yuji (1917), Jung-Lim (1994), Jhun-Moon (1997). In result, different records were found between data of theirs and mine. It means that we have to analyze and reconstruct newly the meteorological data of the Annals of King Gojong and the Daily Records of Royal Sungjungwon (1623~1910) during the late Choseon period.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1981

It is of great significance to perform a ceremony with the utmost honor in every society and the fact is that ancient Koreans executed sacrificial rites to natural scenery with primitive reilgious things from the beginning of Korean history. Minute records on the various ceremonies to the Koryeo Dynasty are found in Koryeodogyeong and it might be said that there were no standing rules and the many ceremonies were resorted to an expedient, because in the Yi Dynasty the first codified ceremonial lawbook, Kukjooryeeui was formalized and after then all the ceremonies and formalities were carried out by the referential rules of the above-mentioned Kukjooryeeui. After the imperial enthronement of Kojong, all the ceremonial goods and flags symbolizing the heaven and auspicious animals-authority and fortune-were made by Daemyeongjibyei, which are found at Changdeokgung now. There are no remarkable differences in the Yi Dynasty between the records at the beginning and the remaines at the last stage, which shows once-fixed standing rules were kept faithfully to the end. The main patterns used on flags were of imaginary animals such as dragon, indicating the wish that countless authority and fortune should be realized. This is the former part of the study on the ceremonial flags in the Yi Dynasty and I hope the detailed idea and symbolic meaning concerning the flags will be discussed later.