• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.735-743
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• 2010

In order to inspect growth responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance, Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann, Quercus acutissima Carruther and Ulmus parvifolia Jacquin to NaCl treatment, NaCl solution was treated for four months with 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM concentrations, then survival rate, change of relative growth rate, weight, dry weight and pigment content of leaf were investigated. According to NaCl treatment, pH and EC (electrical conductivity) of soil increased, and growth rates of four tree species fell apparently as treatment time became longer. U. parvifolia had the highest survival rate with 15% in the 200mM treatment, and the other three species withered in the treatment. Relative growth rate, weight and dry weight decreased when NaCl treatment time grew longer. The total chlorophyll declined after it rose to 60 days, and the total chlorophyll and carotenoid of the all species according to NaCl treatment did not change very much. With the result from anlayzing growth responses of four tree species to oxidative stress which occurs during NaCl treatment, U. parvifolia has the highest tolerance, followed by K. paniculata, F. rhynchophylla and Q. acutissima.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 2001

This paper aims at surveying through case studies the planting possibility on the interval artificial ground between the bank and the core landfill of the first section of works in the SUDOKWON Landfill area landfill area which was completed, followed by the layer-on-layer landfill process involving the latch or sealing layer against emitting landfill gas from the reclaimed waste. The survey results are as follows; 1. The layers of the artificial planting ground on the landfill were established on the basis of top-on-top procedure for a waste layer, a topping soil layer (T=50cm), a gas blocking layer (broken stones T=30cm), a filter layer (non-woven fabric 700g), a sheet protecting soil layer (T=20cm), and a blocking layer (HDPE SHEET 2.0mm), an irrigation layer (SAND T=30cm), a filter layer (non-woven fabric 700g), a sheet protecting soil layer (T=20cm), and a blocking layer (HDPE SHEET 2.0mm), an irrigation layer (SAND T=30cm), a filter layer (non-woven fabric 700g), a planting layer (T=90cm+), a top mound (T=2m). 2. Since no direct damage on the planting layer affected by the landfill gas was detected, planting is found to be still possible and successful except the severely unequal subsidence portion. 3. The mortality rate is discovered different on different trees: Pinus thunbergii (H3.0$\times$W1.0m) 11.25%, Pinus thunbergii (H2.5$\times$W0.8m) 4.73%, Koelreuteira paniculata 8.67%, Hibiscus syriacus 5.68%, Deutzia parviflora 6.50%, Forsythia koreana 8.17%, Rho. yedoense v. poukhanese 32.22%, and Spiraea pru v. symplicifolia 18.89%; although the last two of which are generally considered to have a strong generic growing character, they are subject to be weakened when exposed to the contaminated microclimate of the site like landfill gas. 4. The damage rates, on Pinus thunbergii, Koelreuteria paniculata, Hibiscus syracus, Forsythia koreana, Deutzia parviflora, Rho. yedoense v. poukhanense were shown to decrease to 7.31-17.69% in the second check (June 2000) lower than 5.77-46.92% in the first examination (June 1999), whereas the damage on Spiraea pru v. symplicifolia relatively increased. It is believed that preparatory method of the air pollution, change of temperature, odor by emitting landfill gas, and minute dust from vehicles should be made, and a research on this matter will be conducted in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.44-56
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• 2007

The flora was summarized as 195 taxa; 73 families, 138 genera, 168 species, 23 varieties and 4 forms in Jangsoo-ri windbreak forest and 151 taxa; 63 families, 118 genera, 131 species, 18 varieties and 2 forms in Pyeongsa-ri windbreak forest. Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 3 taxa and based on the list of Korean endemic plant 4 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Puccinellia coreensis (Gramineae), Asarum maculatum (Aristolochiaceae), Prunus yedoensis (Rosaceae), Koelreuteria paniculata (Sapindaceae), Adenophora triphylla var. hirsuta (Campanulaceae). The Specific Plant Species which is categorized by the Ministry of Environment, Korea, was summarized as 23 taxa for the 1 degree of 17 taxa, 3 degree of 5 taxa, 5 degree of 1 taxa in Jangsoo-ri windbreak forest and 22 taxa for the 1 degree of 18 taxa, 3 degree of 3 taxa, 5 degree of 1 taxa in Pyeongsa-ri windbreak forest. From the enlisted the flora surveyed, the naturalized plants were 17 taxa in Jangsoo-ri windbreak forest and 19 taxa in Pyeongsa-ri windbreak forests with the Naturalization rate was 8.7 percent and 12.6 percent, respectively. In Jangsoo-ri windbreak forest, there has been occurred many man-made impair and development without legal institution and control. So, it needs in haste institutional conservation measures and systemic database construction about function and necessity of windbreak forest. In Pyeongsa-ri windbreak forest, recently many people visited here. So, if we make eco-tour place connecting nearby coast and windbreak forest, it will contribute resident's economic profit and opportunity, concerns about windbreak forest, and necessity of conservation measures. Recently, the windbreak forests in Jangsoo-ri and Pyeongsa-ri should be bereaved windbreak forest of function by the human activities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.246-257
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• 2005

The flora was summarized as 176 taxa; 66families, 135genera, 147species,25varieties and 4forms in Mulgun-ni Windbreak Forest and 1531axa; 63families, 123genera, 138species, 13varieties and 2forms in Mijo-ri Windbreak Forest. The Specific Plant Species which is categorized by the Minisoy of Environment, Korea, was summarized as 24 taxa for the Degree I and 3 taxa for the Degree III in Mulgun-ni Windbreak Forest: Eusraphis japonica(Staphyleaceae), Aphananthe aspera(Ulmaceae), Ficus erecta(Moraceae), Puccinellia coreensis (Gramineae), Rhus succedanea(Anacariaceae), Koelreuteria paniculata(Sapindaceae) and 28 taxa for the Degree 1 and 7 taxa for the Degree III in Mijo-ri Windbreak Forests: Castanopsis cuspidata val. sieboldii(Fagaceae), Rubus h irsutus(Rosaceae), Elaeagnus macrophylla(Elaeagnaceae), Cinnamom urn japonic urn (Lauraceae), flex integra (Aquifuliaceae) and Lazoste lancEyolia(Lauraceae). From the enlisted vascular plants surveyed, the naturalized plants were 17 taxa in Mulgun-ni Windbreak Forest and 9 taxa in Mijo-ri Windbreak Forests with the Naturalization Index was 9.7 percent and 5.9 percent respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.58-66
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• 2015

This study is to review the historical documents about Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. in Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty. First of all, we defined it's feature and used case by the most appropriate word 'Jang(樟)' meaning Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. We also discovered some illusions and should suggest a new possibility. First, we analyzed the definition and examples of Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. and come to the conclusion that 'Jang(樟)' seems to be the most appropriate word. Second, we confirmed that Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. grew in extralimital area. It is believed that it's because of making a mistake. Third, we confirmed that it is confused Cinnamomum camphora SIEB. with Koelreuteria paniculata in Yi, Gyu-Gyeong's records. However, it's required to verify the other cases of the Cinnamomum camphora SIEB.'s records. We expect a follow-up study about it by classifying modern feature and comparing literature matching.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.312-320
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• 2007

The resource plants at the reclaimed seaside in Songdo was listed 170 taxa: 39 families, 113 genera, 144 species, 23 varieties, 2 forms and 1 hybrid. In those, woody plants were 18 taxa (10.6%) and herbaceous plants were 152 taxa (89.4%). Among 170 taxa listed was confirmed 107 taxa of edible plants (62.9%), 99 taxa of medicinal plants (58.2%), 55 taxa of ornamental plants (32.4%) and 77 taxa of the others (45.3%). Salt plants (Including dune plants) consists of 12 taxa (Scirpus planiculmis, Sllaeda japonica, Artemisia scoparia, Scorzonera albicaulis, etc.). Specific plants by floral region were total 5 taxa; Vicia bungei in class IV, Koelreuteria paniculata in class III, Grewia biloba var. parviflora, Lysimachia fortunei, Rhapontica uniflora in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 11 families, 27 genera, 37 species, 1 varieties, 38 taxa and naturalization rate was 22.4% of all 170 taxa resource plants.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2003

Methanol extracts from 207 samples of 118 plant species in 44 families were tested for their fungicidal activities against six phytopathogenic fungi. Extracts of Thuja orientalis leaf, Cinnamomum loureirii leaf, Lindera erythrocarpa barks and leaf, Pinus koraiensis wood, Hovenia dulcis wood, Koelreuteria paniculata barks, Styrax japonica wood, Camelia japonica leaf and Cleyera japonica leaf showed very strong fungicidal activity against more than two phytopathogenic fungi at a concentration of 2000 ppm. As a naturally occurring fungicide, these plants could be useful as new fungicidal products against various plant diseases induced by plant pathogens.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2005

Based on the specific plant species for environmental assesment by the Ministry of Environment(MoE), a total of 68 taxa were identified; 29 taxa for the floristic degree(FD) I, 12 taxa for the FD II, 11 taxa for the FD III, 9 taxa for the FD IV and 6 taxa for the FD V. The endangered plant species, in Woraksan National Park, such as Lilium cernum and Berchemia berchemiaefolia are categorized as the Conservation Degree (CD) II which is designated by the MoE. The rare and endangered species such as Crypsinus hastatus, Lilium cernum, Berchemia berchemiaefolia, Lilium callossum, Gastrodia elata, Aristolochia contorta, Koelreuteria paniculata, Rhododendron tschonoskii, Scopolia japonica, Cypripedium macranthum, Paeonia japonica and Thymus quinquecostatus including 12 plant taxa are categorized as Rare and Endangered Plant Species by the Korea Forest Service.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.67-94
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• 1995

A total of 394 plant species in 74 families planted in home gardens, public building gardens, campuses of elementaiy, middle, and high schools, and universities, recreation areas, city parks, loeal and national ways, and highways from 1.21 local areal in Korea were surveyed- A comparison of the surveyed species to nation-widei.y growing species in those areas were studied. the results obtained were as follows : 1. The ratio of evergreen to deciduous plant species was 38.1:61,9 and that of tree:scrub:vine was 54:40.9:5.1. 2. The ratio of evergreen to deciduous plant species was 27.5:72.5 among total 276 land-scape plant species surveyed in Seoul and Kyongki-do province. The ratios were 32:68 in Kwangwon-do, 36.1:63.9 ill Chungchongbuk-do, 37:61 iii Chungchongnanl-do, 36.4:63.6 in Kyungsangbuk-do, 39.2:60.8 고 Kyungsangaaal-do, 35.7:64.5 in Jollabuk-do, 40.6:59.4 in Jollanam-do, and 43.1 :56.9 in Cheju-do. This results tell that more evergreen species are growing in the southern than in northern region in Korea. 3. Plants with 100% frequency in national planting were 8 species inclubing Forsythia koreana 91-99% were 6 species including Taxus cuspidata, 81-90% were 13 species including Magnolia liilflora, 71-80% were 10 speces including Buxus microphylla val, koreana, 61-70% were 13 species including Thuja occiduntakus, 51-60% were 15 species including Pius thunbergii, 41-50% were 15 species including Kerria japonica, 31-40% were 17 species including Cryptomeria japonica, 21-30% were 28 species including Viturnum awabuki, and below 20% were 267 species including Koelreuteria paniculata. 4 Uppermost north latitude of planting distribution of major temperature species was sum- marized as follows: Although it has been reported that Cryptomeria japonica is possible to grow in areas around -47, the result from this study shows that Cryptomeria japonica grows normally in Choonchun Seoul, Samchuck, and Kwangryeung, etc. , and is possible to grow normally in the areas with approximately -6$^{\circ}C$ in an average temperature in January, where are -2$^{\circ}C$ colder than the reported temperature, but locally warm Phyllostachys bambusoides is distributed to Mt. Kumkang and Mt. Sulak, and also planted in Seoul, Kwangryeung, and Chunchon.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.23-23
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• 2019

There are many island areas in Jeonnam Province and various plants are naturally grown due to their regional characteristics. Among them 217species were found to be Rare-Specialty plants in Jonnam Province. There are growing 35 species of Critically Endangered(CR), 37 species of Endangered Species(EN), 54 species of Vulnerable(VU) and 36 species of Least Concern(LC), many of which are native to islands far south or western of the sea. This report briefly describes the geographical distribution location and the state of reproduction among Rare-Specialty woody plants grown in the Warm-temperature Zone of Jeonnam Province. There are growing Michella compressa(Shinan-gun), Actinidia rufa(Wando-gun), Glochidion chodoense(Jindo-gun), Rhus ambigua(Yeosu), Wikstroemia ganpi (Goheung-gun, Yeosu) among of the 35 Critically Endangered species. Woody plants of Endangered Species(EN) are growing Albizia kalkora(Mokpo, Muan-gun), Daphne kiusiana(Shinan-gun), Marsdenia tomentosa(Wando-gun), Osmanthus insuralis(Yeosu, Shinan-gun). Woody plants of Vulnerable(VU) are growing Ardisia crenata(Wando-gun, Shinan-gun), Hibiscus hamabo(Wando-gun), Illicium anisatum (Jindo-gun), Koelreuteria paniculata(Wando-gun), Wikstroemia ganpi(Youngam-gun). Woody plants of Least Concern(LC) are Celtis choseniana(Yeosu), Chionanthus retusus(Wando-gun, Goheung-gun), Cinnamomum camphora(Wando-gun, Jindo-gun), Linder sericea(Boseong-gun).