• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.72-78
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• 1998

For investigation into gas permeation characteristics, the porous alumina membrane with asymmetrical structure, having upper layer with 10 nanometer under of pore diameter and lower layer with 36 nanometer of pore diameter, was prepared by anodic oxidation using DC power supply of constant current mode in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The aluminium plate was pre-treated with thermal oxidation, chemical polishing and electrochemical polishing before anodic oxidation. Because the pore size depended upon the electrolyte, electrolyte concentration, temperature, current density, and so on, the the membranes were prepared by controling the current density, as a very low current density for upper layer of membrane and a high current density for lower layer of membrane. By control of current quantity, the thicknesses of upper layer of membranes were about $6{\;}{\mu}m$ and the total thicknesses of membranes were about $80-90{\;}{\mu}m$. We found that the mechanism of gas permeation depended on model of the Knudsen flow for the membrane prepared at each condition.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.1190-1195
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• 2004

In this study, numerical investigation has been performed on the evolution of key-hole geometry during high-energy density laser welding process. Unsteady phase-change heat transfer and fluid flow with the surface tension and recoil pressure are simulated. To model the overheated surface temperature and recoil pressure considering subsonic/sonic vapor flow, the one-dimensional vaporization models proposed by Ganesh and Knight are coupled over liquid-vapor interface. It is shown that the present model predicts well both the vaporization physics and the fluid flow in the thin liquid layer over the other model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.10 s.241
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• pp.1111-1118
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• 2005

In this study, a unified numerical investigation has been performed on the evolution of weld pool and key-hole geometry during low-power and high-power density laser welding. Unsteady phase-change heat transfer and fluid flow with the surface tension are examined. The one-dimensional vaporization model is introduced to model the overheated surface temperature and recoil pressure during high-power density laser welding. It is shown that Marangoni convection in the weld pool is dominant at low-power density laser welding, and the keyhole with thin liquid layer and the hump are visible at high-power density laser welding. It is also shown that the transition from conduction welding to penetration welding fur iron plate exists when the laser power density is about $10^6W/Cm^2$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.212-217
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• 1999

Porous alumina membrane with asymmetrical structure was prepared by anodic oxidation under constant DC current mode in aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. In order to produce membrane with improved properties, the aluminium plate was pre-treated with thermal oxidation, chemical polishing and electrochemical polishing before anodic oxidation. The thickness and pore diameter of the membrane were controlled by current density and charge density, respectively. The upper layer of 20 nm under of pore diameter was produced under very low current density while the lower layer of 36 nm pore diameter was produced under higher current density. The thickness of the membrane was about $80{\sim}90{\mu}m$ and that of the upper layer was $6{\mu}m$. We found that the mechanism of gas permeation through the membrane depended on Knudsen diffusion.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.509-517
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• 1997

Results of flat plate compressible boundary layer calculation, based on discrete formulation of DSMC method, are presented in low Mach number and low Knudsen number range. The free stream is a uniform flow of pure nitrogen at various Mach numbers in low pressures (i.e. rarefied gas). Complete thermal accommodation and diffuse molecular reflections are used as the wall boundary condition, replacing unreal no-slip condition used in continuum calculations. In the discrete formulation of DSMC method, there is no need to use ad hoc assumptions on transport properties like viscosity and thermal conductivity, instead viscosity is calculated from values of other field variables (velocity and shear stress). Also the results are compared with existing self-similar continuum solutions. In all Mach number cases computed, velocity slip is most pronounced in regions near the leading edge where continuum formulation renders the solution singular. As the boundary layer develops further downstream, velocity slips asymptote to values that are between 10 to 20% of the magnitude of free stream velocity. When the free stream number density is reduced, so the gas more rarefied, the velocity slip increases as expected.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.268-269
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• 2003

The Boltzmann kinetic equation is solved directly by means of the conservative splitting method. Underexpanded supersonic free jet flows with small Knudsen numbers are studied. In this numerical simulation features intrinsic to appropriate experiments are observed. Streamwise vortices in a mixing layer and chaotic downstream temporal-spatial fluctuations of microscopic quantities with large amplitude are obtained.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.1572-1577
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• 2003

High-power pulsed laser ablation under atmospheric pressure is studied utilizing numerical and experimental methods with emphasis on recondensation ratio, and the dynamics of the laser induced vapor flow. In the numerical calculation, the temperature pressure, density and vaporization flux on a solid substrate are first obtained by a heat-transfer computation code based on the enthalpy method, and then the plume dynamics is calculated by using a commercial CFD package. To confirm the computation results, the probe beam deflection technique was utilized for measuring the propagation of a laser induced shock wave. Discontinuities of properties and velocity over the Knudsen layer were investigated. Related with the analysis of the jump condition, the effect of the recondesation ratio on the plume dynamics was examined by comparing the pressure, density, and mass fraction of ablated aluminum vapor. To consider the effect of mass transfer between the ablation plume and air, unlike the most previous investigations, the equation of species conservation is simultaneously solved with the Euler equations. Therefore the numerical model computes not only the propagation of the shock front but also the distribution of the aluminum vapor. To our knowledge, this is the first work that employed a commercial CFD code in the calculation of pulsed ablation phenomena.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.349-358
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• 1995

The ceramic composite membrane was synthesized by thermal oxidation after evaporation of Al on the support prepared by slip casting process. Oxidation was performed at $700^{\circ}C$ and 80$0^{\circ}C$ under dry oxygen atmosphere. It was considered as optimum oxidation condition that the membrane showed a knudsen behaviro. A further oxidation resulted in an increase of gas permeability because top layer became densified. Then, a multi-layered composite membrane was synthesized through a sol-gel method, evaporation and thermal oxidation of Al coating processes. While the membrane was thermally stable up to 80$0^{\circ}C$, gas permeability was rapidly decreased even at a slight amount of deposition of Al.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1999

The hydriding and dehydriding kinetics were studied for a Mg-25wt.%Ni mixture which has the most excellent hydrogen-storage characteristics among many mechanically-alloyed mixtures. The hydriding and dehydriding rates were measured and the rate-controlling steps were determined by comparing the hydriding and dehydriding rates with the theoretical rate equations. The rate-controlling step in the hydriding reaction is the Knudsen flow and the ordinary gaseous diffusion of hydrogen molecules through interparticle channels, cracks, etc. in the various ranges of weight percentage of absorbed hydrogen $H_a$ below $H_a$=4.0. In the $H_a$ range 4.0 < $H_a{\leq}4.25$, the diffusion of hydrogen atoms through the growing hydride layer is considered the rate-controlling step. The rate-controlling step in the dehydriding reaction is the Knudsen flow and the ordinary gaseous diffusion of hydrogen molecules for all the ranges of weight percentage of desorbed hydrogen $H_d$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.74-80
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• 2012

Past few years have seen the growing importance of micro shock tubes in various engineering applications like micro combution, micro propulsion, particle delivery systems. But in order to efficiently apply Micro Shock Tube to such areas require the detailed knowledge of shock characteristics and flow field inside a micro shock tube. Due to many factors such as boundary layer, low Reynolds number and high Knudsen number shock propagation inside micro shock tubes will be quite different from that of the well established macro shock tubes. In the present study, experimental studies were carried out on micro shock tubes of two diameters to investigate flow characteristics and shock propagation. Pressure values were measured at different locations inside the driven section. From the experimental values other parameters like shock velocity, shock strength were found and shock wave diagram was constructed.