• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the status of drug misuse and abuse in community-dwelling elders. Methods: The participants in this study were elders who were 65 years or over, and lived in ChungNam province. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: All of the participants reported taking both prescription and non-prescription drugs, and 78.4% used two or more kinds of drugs. Of the elders, 74.5% reported that they did not receive any education about drug misuse and abuse. The mean score for behaviors related to drug misuse was 8.76. Conclusions: Results indicate that many elders take medicine frequently, but they do not have any knowledge about drugs and possible side effects. This lack of knowledge might mean that they continue to use and misuse prescription and non-prescription drugs. It is important that elders be provided with precise information about medicines.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.295-304
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop an education program for safe drug use in the rural elderly and to measure the effect of the program. Method: This study utilized a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study consisted of 40 older persons who were more than 65 years old and lived in G and C moon, Y gun, Gyeongsang-bukdo and visited the public health subcenter. Twenty were assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control group. The education was provided for one and a half hours, once a week for 3 weeks. Data was collected before, right after, and one month after the program. Result: The first hypothesis was supported(F=79.24, p=0.000) showing that the knowledge scores of the drug use of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group at post education and one month after education. The second hypothesis was supported(F=23.84, p=0.000) showing that the drug misuse and abuse prevention behavior scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group at post education and one month after the education. Conclusion: This study suggests that the education for safe drug use is effective in promoting knowledge and behavior for safe drug use of the rural elderly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2013

Background: An increasing trend of cytotoxic drug use, mainly in cancer treatment, has increased the occupational exposure among the nurses. This study aimed to assess the change of nurses' safety-related knowledge as well as attitude levels and subsequently to assess the change of cytotoxic drug handling practices in wards after a series of pharmacist-based interventions. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study with a before and after design requested a single group of 96 nurses in 15 wards actively providing chemotherapy to answer a self-administered questionnaire. A performance checklist was then used to determine the compliance of all these wards with the recommended safety measures. The first and second assessments took 2 months respectively with a 9-month intervention period. Pharmacist-based interventions included a series of technical, educational and administrative support measures consisting of the initiation of closed-system cytotoxic drug reconstitution (CDR) services, courses, training workshops and guideline updates. Results: The mean age of nurses was $32.2{\pm}6.19$ years. Most of them were female (93.8%) and married (72.9%). The mean knowledge score of nurses was significantly increased from $45.5{\pm}10.52$ to $73.4{\pm}8.88$ out of 100 (p<0.001) at the end of the second assessment. Overall, the mean practice score among the wards was improved from $7.6{\pm}5.51$ to $15.3{\pm}2.55$ out of 20 (p<0.001). Conclusions: The pharmacist-based interventions improved the knowledge, attitude and safe practices of nurses in cytotoxic drug handling. Further assessment may help to confirm the sustainability of the improved practices.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitude and knowledge of community pharmacists to spontaneous adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting. A survey was conducted in 103 community pharmacists in Seoul and Kyung-Gi Province from September to October, 2009. Almost half (53, 51.5%) and three-fourths (79, 76.7%) of respondents knew they could participate in ADR reporting in the Regional Pharmacovigilance Center (RPC) or Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). However, only three of them have reported an ADR to the RPC and none of them have reported to KFDA. A majority of the respondents (96, 93.2%) felt that ADR reporting was a professional obligation for pharmacists. The purpose of an ADR reporting was incorrectly identified by most pharmacists. ADR reporting was encouraged if the reaction was serious and a new product. The most frequently mentioned barriers to reporting were: uncertainty concerning the causal relationship (86.3%) and not knowing how to report an ADR (83.2%). Only 19 (18.4%) respondents had received education on how to report ADR. Education was the most recognized method of improving ADR reporting. This study showed the knowledge of ADR reporting among community pharmacists is inadequate. Education and training should be reinforced in order to improve ADR reporting by community pharmacists.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2014

Background: Safety of drugs has become a major issue in public healthcare. Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reaction (ADR) is the cornerstone in management of drug safety. We aimed to investigate the awareness and knowledge of spontaneous ADR reporting in general public of Korea. Methods: A total of 1,500 study subjects aged 19-69 years were interviewed with a questionnaire for their awareness and knowledge related to spontaneous ADR reporting. Computer assisted telephone interview was performed from 27th February 2013 to 4th March 2013. Target population was selected with quota sampling, using age, sex, and residence area. Healthcare professionals such as physicians, pharmacists, and nurses were excluded. The survey questions included awareness of spontaneous ADR reporting, opinions on ways to activate ADR reporting, and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Overall awareness of spontaneous ADR reporting system was 8.3% (${\pm}2.53%$) among general population of Korea. Major source from which people got the information regarding ADR reporting was television/radio (69.9%), followed by internet (19.3%), and poster/brochure (6.1%). Awareness level differed between age groups (p<0.0001) and education levels (p<0.0001). Upon learning about the ADR reporting system, 88.5% of study subjects agreed on the necessity of ADR reporting system, while 46.6% thought promotion through internet and mass media as an effective way to activate ADR reporting. Conclusion: The overall awareness of spontaneous ADR reporting should be enhanced in order to establish a firm national system for drug safety. Adequate promotions should be performed targeting lower awareness groups, as well as various publicity activities via effective channels for the general population.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.529-542
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• 2017

Control of plant diseases is largely dependent on use of agrochemicals. However, there are widening gaps between our knowledge on plant diseases gained from genetic/mechanistic studies and rapid translation of the knowledge into target-oriented development of effective agrochemicals. Here we propose that the time is ripe for computer-aided drug discovery/design (CADD) in molecular plant pathology. CADD has played a pivotal role in development of medically important molecules over the last three decades. Now, explosive increase in information on genome sequences and three dimensional structures of biological molecules, in combination with advances in computational and informational technologies, opens up exciting possibilities for application of CADD in discovery and development of agrochemicals. In this review, we outline two categories of the drug discovery strategies: structure- and ligand-based CADD, and relevant computational approaches that are being employed in modern drug discovery. In order to help readers to dive into CADD, we explain concepts of homology modelling, molecular docking, virtual screening, and de novo ligand design in structure-based CADD, and pharmacophore modelling, ligand-based virtual screening, quantitative structure activity relationship modelling and de novo ligand design for ligand-based CADD. We also provide the important resources available to carry out CADD. Finally, we present a case study showing how CADD approach can be implemented in reality for identification of potent chemical compounds against the important plant pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 1976

Amongst varieties of clinical nursing role, the administration of medication is often highlighted as of prime importance. In order to attain data for the improvement of teaching strategies of medication, diagnostic evaluation of the knowledge level is a necessity. This study was performed from August through December 1975. 449 registered nurses, randomly sampled from general hospitals:16 of Seoul and 7 of Taegu and Pusan, were tested through 54 test questionaries based on 4 practical dimensions of administration of medication. Results are as follows ; 1. Status of respondents: Length of clinical experiences; the average length revealed to be 2 years and 7 months, 72% revealed to have had less than 3 years of experience; 38.6%-less than 1 year, 19 .2%-over 1 year and less than 2 years, and 14, 2%-over 2 years and less than 3 years. Type of Nursing education received ; 9.4% revealed to have graduated technical high school of nursing, 67.5o/o the 3 year diploma school and 21, 7% the baccalaureate degree program. The knowledge Level; Degree of self-satisfaction on knowledge level revealed that;27, 4% responded to "more or less satisfied", 48.8% "more or less un-satisfied" and 19.8% to "not satisfied". The average level of basic knowledge revealed to be moderate by 66.95 points. The level of knowledge of 4 questionnaire categories revealed that; drug action category by average of 66.5 points, methodology category by 65.4 Points, safety measure category by 71.4 points and terminology and concepts category by 64.6 points, Questionnaire items which revealed high points are of;6 of drug action category, 4 of methodology, 4 of safety measure, and 3 of terminology. The items of low points are: 8 of drug action, 3 of methodology, 3 of safety measure and 5 of terminolology categories. 3. The type of nursing education revealed to have no significant influence on the level of knowledge on the administration of medication. 4. The length of clinical experience revealed to have no significant influence on the level of knowledge. 5. 75. l% responded that the actual practice of medication modes are "similar" to that included in the fundamentals of nursing course. 6. In-service education on medication; 54.0% revealed to have some incidental in-service education on medication while 34.0% receive programmed in- service education. 61.8% revealed to have expressed the need of systemic In-service education as one of the means for improvement of medication. 32.7% revealed to obtain information concerning medicine by reading commercial publications on drug package, while only 20.9% by reading specific information channel.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.349-363
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• 2000

Objectives : Generally, it seemed that the therapeutic result in diabetic patients was changed by compliance. This study was conducted on the basis of assumption that the therapeutic result id diabetic patients could control according to compliance. This study was conducted to analyze the related factors in association with compliance to drug, diet and exercise therapy. Methods : 224 diabetic patients in Kyungpook National University Hospital were selected through the interviews and HbA1c values from 1 Jan. to 28 Feb.1997. The drug compliance was tested by regularity of drug administration, the diet compliance was tested by restriction of food, exactly allocation, balance of nutrient, measuring food and the exercise compliance was tested by regularity of exercise per day. We assessed compliance by percentage, $x^2-test$ and generalized logit regression model(method:enter). Results : The significant variable was the satisfaction to medical personnels in drug, the knowledge to disease in diet, the participation of the diabetic education in exercise therapy and the satisfaction to medical personnels in HbA1c. Using the generalized logit model(method : enter) in compliance change, the significant variables were the satisfaction to medical personnels and the complication in drug; the significant variables were the age at the first diagnosis, the family history, the concern of health, the knowledge of disease, the self-exertion for therapy and the complication in diet: the only significant variable was the gender in exercise therapy. Conclusions : The degree of glycemic control in diabetic patients was influenced by compliance. In order to improve patient's compliance, we must foster the knowledge on the diseases, lead participation for diabetic education. Because the satisfaction to medical personnels was the important variables, we must build up good relationship between doctors and patients.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.183-192
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• 2009

ADESS(Adverse drug event surveillance system) is the system which distinguishes adverse drug events using adverse drug signals. This system shows superior effectiveness in adverse drug surveillance than current methods such as volunteer reporting or char review. In this study, we built clinical data mart(CDM) for the development of ADESS. This CDM could obtain data reliability by applying data quality management and the most suitable clustering number(n=4) was gained through the reproducibility assessment in unsupervised learning techniques of knowledge discovery. As the result of analysis, by applying the clustering number(N=4) K-means, Kohonen, and two-step clustering models were produced and we confirmed that the K-means algorithm makes the most closest clustering to the result of adverse drug events.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2010

This study examined the extent of improvement of food safety knowledge and practices of employee through food safety training. Employee knowledge and practice for food safety were evaluated before and after the food safety training program. The training program and questionnaires for evaluating employee knowledge and practices concerning food safety, and a checklist for determining food safety performance of restaurants were developed. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Twelve restaurants participated in this study. We split them into two groups: the intervention group with training, and the control group without food safety training. Employee knowledge of the intervention group also showed a significant improvement in their score, increasing from 49.3 before the training to 66.6 after training. But in terms of employee practices and the sanitation performance, there were no significant increases after the training. From these results, we recommended that the more job-specific and hand-on training materials for restaurant employees should be developed and more continuous implementation of the food safety training and integration of employee appraisal program with the outcome of safety training were needed.