• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.55-64
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• 2018

In spite of many previous studies conducted to prevent safety accidents at construction sites, the frequency of safety accidents has not decreased. And recently, a lot of research has been done to analyze the causes of the accidents resulting from the personal characteristics and behaviors of managers or workers, and eliminate them. However, despite these efforts, safety accidents occur consistently as managers and workers shift their responsibilities for the safety accidents onto someone other than themselves. Therefore, in order to prevent safety accidents, this study investigated the consciousness of shifting responsibility among managers and workers and analyzed the correlation between factors influencing the consciousness of shifting responsibility. In addition, it proposed the quantitative levels of the consciousness of shifting responsibility based on the survey of managers and workers. The results of this study demonstrated that managers tend to the shift responsibility onto workers, whereas workers the shift responsibility onto managers. It was additionally demonstrated that there is a correlation between the consciousness of shifting responsibility and the factors influencing it. The findings of this study are expected to improve the safety awareness among managers and workers and make contributions in the theoretical and practical aspects of construction safety management.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.724-731
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine what rules or patterns exist when people gaze at a villa savoye, which is probably Le Corbusier's best known building, using eye-movement tracking techniques. Villa savoye was designed, addressing his emblematic "Five Points", such as pilotis, functional roofs, free floor plans, long horizontal windows, and freely-designed facades. This study examined how the villa savoye's facade image is formed in an objective manner. This study selected a total of 56 test subjects, and showed them an image of a villa savoye. Using eye-movement tracking tools, this study recorded where they mostly gazed at when seeing the building. In addition, an experiment was carried out to test the different points of view, relating to visual attention, between the two groups with different levels of knowledge in architecture. To analyze the data, the Gaze Frequency was used as the key indicator. The results showed that the subjects have a higher degree of attention to either the door or window in general than in former studies. The architecture major group showed that they gazed the experiment image more evenly.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.76-94
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• 2001

Promoting positive values, attitudes, participation and personal actions on the basis of the acquisition of one's knowledge and skills is emphasized on teaching environmental education. To complete this purpose of environmental education, it is necessary not only to use various and practical educational resources, but also to develop information system, with multimedia and internet, which are effective for learning. This research attempts to assess the consistency of planning, organization and operation of integrated program for social environmental education which was developed for the necessities mentioned above. We surveyed about the accuracy of contents, usefulness, convenience and easiness of Integrated program for social environmental education. Also, we used a questionnaire to clarify the values and attitudes of respondents after they took environmental education. Then, technically, descriptive statistical method has been used to analyze the results of these surveys. Finally, we conduct an examination of the distribution of chi-square to verify the relationship between the learner's experience of using computer and one's concern about environmental issues. The results of this program, developed by research team, can be assessed by following five basic elements: usefulness, practicality, appropriation, efficiency and effectiveness. More than 90% of respondents said that this program is convenient and easy to loam. Also, more than 85% of whole respondents identified that after teaming this program they recognized more clearly what the main contents of environmental education are. In addition, we got positive response from 93% of respondents that they could understand environmental problems. On the other hand, values and attitudes of respondents have not improved a lot after the environmental education compared with the remarkable change in their recognition and understanding of environmental issues; only 34% of respondents responded that they changed their life style for making better environment after teaming this program. But it is clear that they understand much better about the environmental policy after they are educated. Developed by using information system, this integrated program for social environmental education may get different results according to a respondent's experience of using computer. Therefore, the more a respondent got a chance to use computer for a long period of time, the more he/she gave positive evaluation on the convenience and easiness of this program. However, there was no certain relationship between the frequence of using computer and one's understanding of environmental issues. Futhermore, a person who has constant concerns about environmental problems showed more positive attitudes against the understanding of environmental education. This integrated program for social environmental education, characterized by integrated, specialized and efficient educational system, can also be used as a curriculum or teaching materials for environmental education for adults; especially, it would be appropriate for teaching learners at all levels, who have different personal characteristics, to let them acquire virtual education by using information system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.501-506
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• 2015

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of the National Train-the-Trainers Program for Hospice and Palliative Care Experts (TTHPC) sponsored by the National Cancer Center of Korea between 2009 and 2012. This program was developed to improve the teaching skills of those in the field of hospice and palliative care (HPC). Materials and Methods: Training was offered in eight 1-day sessions between 2009 and 2012. The effect of the program was measured using Kirkpatrick's model of educational outcomes. First, levels 1 and 2 were evaluated immediately after the 1-day program (n=120). In 2012, the level-3 evaluation test was administered to trainers who offered at least one HPC training (n=78) as well as to their trainees (n=537). Results: The level-1 evaluation addressed participant reactions to and satisfaction with the program. Participants (n=120) were generally satisfied with the content, the method, and the overall course (mean range: 3.94-4.46 on a five-point Likert scale). The level-2 evaluation (learning) showed that participants gained knowledge and confidence related to teaching HPC (4.24 vs. 4.00). The level-3 evaluation (behavioral), which assessed trainers' application of teaching skills to HPC, showed that trainees rated the teaching methods of trainers (mean range: 4.03-4.08) more positively than did trainers (p<0.05). Female trainers were more likely than were male trainers to plan sessions in consideration of their trainees' characteristics (4.11 vs. 3.58; p<0.05), and nurse trainers were more likely than physician trainers to use a variety of instructional methods (4.05 vs. 3.36; p<0.05) Conclusions: We conducted systematic evaluations based on Kirkpatrick's model to assess the effectiveness of our train-the-trainers program. Our educational program was practical, effective, and followed by our HPC experts, who needed guidance to learn and improve their clinical teaching skills.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4349-4352
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• 2014

Background: Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate because it is usually diagnosed late. Since little is known about this cancer in Iran, with the aim of improving this knowledge deficiency, we evaluated clinical, laboratory biomarkers, imaging findings and treatment modalities in Iranian patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: 131 cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in 2010-2013 were obtained from the Taleghani Hospital Record Department. Cases confirmed by histopathology from CT-guided biopsy, EUS-FNA and surgery examination were included. We excluded those with incomplete medical records. Results: The study included 131 subjects between 24 and 97 years of age and a mean age of $63{\pm}13.4$ years. Eighty (61.1%) were male and 51 (38.9%) female. Previous history included diabetes mellitus in 36 (27.5%), alcohol drinking in 5 (3.9%), smoker in 28 (21.4%) and opium addiction in 13 (10%). The common presenting history included weight loss in 79 (60.3%), abdominal pain in 77 (58.8%), fever in 11 (8.4%), nausea in 30 (22.9%), jaundice in 72 (55%), pruritus in 52 (39.7) and anemia in 33 (25.2%). CA19-9 levels with cut offs of 50, 100 and 200 U/ml were increased in 81%, 72% and 66% of patients, respectively. Tumor staging was: stage I, 3 (2.3%); stage II, 10 (7.6%); stage III, 58 (44.3%); and stage IV, 60 (45.8%). From 45 patients, 17 received ERCP inserted metallic stents and 22 plastic stents, the remaining 6 failed that PTC was done. Whipple surgery and chemotherapy were conducted for 10 and 29 patients, respectively. Conclusions: This disease affected older people and there was a male preponderance. The commonest risk factors were diabetes mellitus, smoking and cholelithiasis. The majority of patients presented with loss of appetite, loss of weight, jaundice, abdominal pain and discomfort. Almost all presented at late stages of the disease so that curative surgery was impossible. Also chemotherapy was only performed in a few patients as a neoadjuant treatment.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.37
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• pp.139-167
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• 2007

This study aimed to investigate the current status of media education in Korea by analyzing the media education cases which are being implemented in education field. Analyses were conducted on educational media, education contents, education methods, education fields, education levels, age of educated people, education cycle, school curriculum patterns and education-performing organizations. The educational media were in the rank order of vision media, new media such as internet, newspaper and movies. The education contents were mainly composed of knowledge and information about media followed by media production and media literacy. The media education was conducted in the cooperative relationships among school, society and family. For the education methods, message analysis, media monitor education, media production and media in education were dominantly used. Elementary school students were found to be the main target of media education, while there was no media education for pre-school children. Current media educations in school were being performed using club activity, creative activity, talent-raising education after school and regular class.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.591-608
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze system thinking revealed in science teachers' teaching practices of middle school astronomy classes. Astronomy lessons were video-taped from four eighth grade science teachers. The video recordings were all transcribed and analyzed by employing a framework for systems thinking analysis after modifying an existing frame of hierarchial structure used in relevant previous studies. In addition, four participants were interviewed in order to uncover their orientation toward teaching using video stimulated recall method. Findings are as follows: All participating teachers were not able to employ the four levels of system thinking appropriately and only utilized the low level of systems thinking. They also demonstrated teacher-centered practices for employing system thinking despite their student-centered orientation toward teaching. The main reason for these results may be that teachers focused more on spatial thinking, than on system thinking as well as the lack of teacher's knowledge about the content and formative assessment of non-earth science teachers. Implications on how to effectively employ the system thinking in astronomy class are discussed in this paper.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.199-202
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• 2007

We isolated a 317 bp of partial cDNA for doublesex-and mab-3-related transcription factor-1 (DMRT-1) from the testis of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus using RT-PCR. Based on the multiple sequence alignment, olive flounder DMRT-1 shared relatively high sequence homology (82 to 94%) with orthologues from other teleost species such as Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. DMRT-1 mRNA was predominantly expressed in the testis of olive flounder. In our investigation for the effect of testosterone treatment in vivo on induced expression of ovarian DMRT-1 transcript, mRNA levels of DMRT-1 in ovary were significantly up-regulated by testosterone treatments (0.3 or $3.0{\mu}g$ testosterone/g body weight for 12 to 36 hours) as judged by RT-PCR analysis. In overall, transcriptional stimulation of DMRT-1 during treatments was more affected by doses of testosterone than treatment durations. This result strongly suggests that the regulation of DMRT-1 be tissue- and gender-specific in olive flounder, and also provides useful baseline knowledge on the testosterone-mediated regulation in the reproductive physiology of this species.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.314-320
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• 2010

As the nature of triathlons is competition in three successive sports, triathletes experience elevated levels of stress on the body that are absent in single-sport athletic events, and consequently there are more potential medical problems to prepare for. Triathletes can also experience problems such as hypothermia, heat illness, excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, musculoskeletal injuries and trauma, immunosuppression, and haemolysis. Depending on the potentiality of such above-listed problems occurring in any given race, race organizers will prepare preventative measures and treatments accordingly. Olympic distance is not the only triathlon racing distance. Sprints, which are normally around half the Olympic distance, are common distances, as well as Long (2 km swim, 80 km bike, 20 km run), Ironman (3.8 km swim, 180 km bike, 42 km run), and ultra-distance events varying in length. Races of longer duration normally result in a higher percentage of athletes experiencing the above-mentioned medical problems, as well as inducing additional health risks such as hyponatraemia. Minimizing the occurrences of serious health issues is possible through the following means: carefully preparing for the probable race-day weather conditions; proper management and organization of the race; preparing an extensive water-safety and ground-course safety plan; distributing necessary nutrition along the course; and stressing the importance for athletes to have proper knowledge concerning race nutrition, biomechanical technique, physical preparation, and utilization of safe equipment. While risks of competing in triathlon are many, the instances of such medical problems are not excessive, and the triathlon has a reputation of being a reasonably safe sport as long as athletes with high risk take added precautions.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.89-106
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• 2014

The war simulation systems in Republic of Korea Army have been getting more and more important because soldiers can effectively and efficiently learn and share their war-related knowledge based on the interactions through the systems. But, up to now, the access to the war simulation systems has been limited to only soldiers. So, little research on them has been conducted. This study explores the effects of the antecedents to the flow experience and the characteristics of the systems on soldiers' intentions to use them. Based on the 118 samples collected from officers in Republic of Korea Army, this study empirically shows the logical reality of the war simulation systems and the flow experience positively influence soldiers' intentions to use the systems and the clarified goals, feedbacks, and the levels of the missions in the systems are significant antecedents to the flow experience. Useful implications are presented and discussed based on the new findings.