• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the stress and coping level as a result of dysmenorrhea which was experienced by girls. For the collection of data, the girls from the 1st to the 3rd grade in middle school in Seoul were selected through a random sampling technique. The survey was conducted from the 1st. to the 14th of June, 1991 by the use of questionnaires made after a pilot study. The final subjects for analysis were restricted to only those who had experienced me~arche, the number of which totaled 1,131. The stress, coping level, and other variables, were tested and analysed by descriptive statistics (eg, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation), t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. The chronological start for menarche was at a mean age of 13.1 The respondents who had experienced menarche numbered $70.9\%$ of the 1st grades and $96.2\%$ of the 2nd grades in middle school, otherwise the starting age for menarche was in the 4th grade in primary school. 2. Their menstrual cycle and period were longer than adult's one. The number of students studied who had experienced dysmenorrhea during their menstrual cycle were 860, and 650 of those revealed that their mothers or sisters had experienced similar problems. 3. The subjects who were late or head left early rather than being absent from school every menstruation cycle were more stressful. The results are thought to show that the girl's perception of dysmenorrhea seems to be more sensitive than adult's one. 4, A significant negative correlation was found between the perception of menstrual flow and strees level. It means that an increase in the stress of dysmenorrhea was associated with decreased menstrual bleeding. The degree of hypochondrical concern assessed by the girls was significantly correlated to stress and coping level. When the girls perceived high stress as a result of dysmenorrhea, they worried about their physical health more. The above results lead us to the suggestion that the starting point of early education with a school program is appropriate for the 4th grade in primary school. Especially if the girls in middle school should be required to give the information about correct knowledge and sufficient self -care management of menstruation monthly, if this could be implemented the loss in school days among the students due to dysmenorrhea would be minimized with more ease.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.372-388
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• 2018

Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of moxibustion for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: Using the keywords "benign prostatic hyperplasia", "benign prostatic hypertrophy", "benign prostatic enlargement", "prostatic hyperplasia", and "moxibustion", we searched papers in numerous databases, including National Discovery for Science Leaders (NDSL), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal (KTKP), Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL. The search range included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Papers not matched with inclusion criteria were excluded. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Where appropriate, meta-analyses were performed. Results: Initially, 77 studies were found. Of these, 11 duplicate studies were removed and 27 were excluded following title and abstract screening. After the remaining 39 papers were scanned, 13 RCTs were selected and analyzed. Among these 13 RCTs, five compared moxibustion therapy and oral medication, seven compared moxibustion plus acupuncture therapy and oral medication, and one compared moxibustion plus acupuncture therapy and sham-moxibustion. The meta-analysis showed positive results for the use of moxibustion therapy in terms of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality Of Life (QOL), Maximum Flow Rate (Qmax), Prostate Volume (PV), and the efficacy rate. The meta-analysis showed positive results for the use of moxibustion plus acupuncture therapy in terms of IPSS, QOL, and the efficacy rate. Conclusions: This meta-analysis of clinical trials suggests that moxibustion is effective intreating BPH patients. The results of this study could be applied to clinical treatment of BPH. However, additional large-scale clinical researches should be conducted.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.511-522
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• 2011

Flower color is one of the main target traits in the flower breeding. Recently, technological advances in genetic engineering have been successfully reported the flower colors, such as blue roses and blue carnations that are impossible to develop by traditional breeding. Accumulated knowledge-based approaches for flavonoid biosynthesis enabled to introduce novel and unique colors into flowers. These flower color modifications have been made through the regulation of flavonoid metabolic pathway - control of endogenous gene expression and introduction of foreign genes to produce novel and specific flavonoids - and the introduction of transcription factors that are known to regulate sets of genes being involving in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. More empirical regulation of the flavonoids metabolism requires the understanding for regulatory mechanism of intrinsic flavonoids depending on the flower crops and the very sophisticated control of flavonoid metabolic flow. In this review, we summarized successful examples of flower color modification. It might be useful to deduce the strategy for the creation of exquisite colors in flower plants.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.790-798
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• 2016

Chlamydiae, obligate intracellular bacteria, are associated with a variety of human diseases. The chlamydial life cycle undergoes a biphasic development: replicative reticulate bodies (RBs) phase and infectious elementary bodies (EBs) phase. At the end of the chlamydial intracellular life cycle, EBs have to be released to the surrounded cells. Therefore, the interactions between Chlamydiae and cell death pathways could greatly influence the outcomes of Chlamydia infection. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated host cell death after Chlamydia infection in vitro, in L929 cells, and showed that Chlamydia infection induces cell necrosis, as detected by the propidium iodide (PI)-Annexin V double-staining flow-cytometric assay and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important factor in induction of necrosis, was increased after Chlamydia infection, and inhibition of ROS with specific pharmacological inhibitors, diphenylene iodonium (DPI) or butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), led to significant suppression of necrosis. Interestingly, live-cell imaging revealed that Chlamydia infection induced lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP). When an inhibitor upstream of LMP, CA-074-Me, was added to cells, the production of ROS was reduced with concomitant inhibition of necrosis. Taken together, our results indicate that Chlamydia infection elicits the production of ROS, which is dependent on LMP at least partially, followed by induction of host-cell necrosis. To our best knowledge, this is the first live-cell-imaging observation of LMP post Chlamydia infection and report on the link of LMP to ROS to necrosis during Chlamydia infection.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 1999

The main purpose of this paper is to propose a general dialogue flow in 'the a appointment scheduling dialogues' in German using the concept of dialogue acts. A basic a assumption of this research is that dialogue acts contribute to the improvement of a translation system. They might be very useful to solve the problems that syntactic and semantic module could not resolve using contextual knowledge. The classification of the dialogue acts was conducted as a work of VERBMOBIL project and was based on real dialogues transcribed by experts. The real dialogues were analyzed in terms of the dialogue acts. We empirically analyzed the sequences of the dialogue acts not only in a series of dialogue turns but also in one dialogue turn. We attempted to analyZe the sequences in one dialogue turn additionally because the dialogue data used in this research showed some difference from the ones in other existing researches. By examining the sequences in dialogue acts. we proposed the dialogue flowchart in 'the a appointment scheduling dialogues' 'Based on the statistical analysis of the sequences of the most frequent dialogue acts. the dialogue flowcharts seem to represent' the a appointment scheduling dialogues' in general. A further research is required on c classification of dialogue acts which was a base for the analysis of dialogues. In order to e extract the most generalized model. we did not subcategorize each dialogue acts and used a limited number of items of dialogue acts. However. generally defined dialogue acts need to be defined more concretely and new dialogue acts for specific situations should be a added.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.786-793
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• 2000

Objectives : A clinical analysis was performed to provide management strategy and to improve management outcome of elderly patients with intracranial aneurysm. Patients and Methods : We reviewed medical records of 746 consecutive patients with intracranial aneurysm who were admitted from July 1991 to December 1996. They were divided into two age groups : elderly(120 patients aged 65 years or older) and non-elderly(626 patients aged 64 years or younger). We investigated the differences between the two groups in clinical characteristics, management outcome and surgical results. Results : Female(80.0%), internal carotid artery aneurysm(48.9%), poor clinical grade(Hunt and Hess Grade IV, V : 39.8%), postoperative subdural fluid collection(38.2%), and postoperative hydrocephalus(39.7%) were more frequent in the elderly patients. There were no significant differences in the incidence of hypertension, multiple aneurysm, unruptured aneurysm, rebleeding, delayed ischemic neurological deficits, postoperative hemorrhage, and low density on the postoperative brain CT scan. In some cases, surgical clipping of ruptured aneurysm could not be performed due to moribund state or refusal of surgery by the elderly patient's family. Both management outcome and surgical results in elderly aneurysm patients at 3 months after rupture were worse than those of the non-elderly group. The most common reason of unfavorable outcome was poor clinical grade in both groups, while serious medical illness causing unfavorable outcome was more common in the elderly group. Conclusion : Surgical treatment of a ruptured aneurysm should not be avoided in elderly patient solely on the basis of advanced age. If the patients are in good clinical grade, early aneurysm surgery followed by early ambulation should be recommended. Further improvements in outcome may be achieved by thorough knowledge of poor resilience of brain, CSF flow dynamics, and diminished cardiopulmonary reserve in elderly patients with intracranial aneurysm.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.105-111
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• 2018

Last March, the world Go competition between AlphaGo, AI Go program developed by Google Deep Mind and professional Go player Lee Sedol has shown us that the 4th industrial revolution using AI has come close. Especially, there ar many system combined with AI hae been developing including program for researching legal information, system for expecting jurisdiction, and processing big data, there is saying that even AI legal person is ready for its appearance. As legal field is mostly based on text-based document, such characteristic makes it easier to adopt artificial intelligence technology. When a legal person receives a case, the first thing to do is searching for legal information and judical precedent, which is the one of the strength of AI. It is very difficult for a human being to utilize a flow of legal knowledge and figures by analyzing them but for AI, this is nothing but a simple job. The ability of AI searching for regulation, precedent, and literature related to legal issue is way over our expectation. AI is evaluated to be able to review 1 billion pages of legal document per second and many people agree that lot of legal job will be replaced by AI. Along with development of AI service, legal service is becoming more advanced and if it devotes to ethical solving of legal issues, which is the final goal, not only the legal field but also it will help to gain nation's trust. If nations start to trust the legal service, it would never be completely replaced by AI. What is more, if it keeps offering advanced, ethical, and quick legal service, value of law devoting to the society will increase and finally, will make contribution to the nation. In this time where we have to compete with AI, we should try hard to increase value of traditional legal service provided by human. In the future, priority of good legal person will be his/her ability to use AI. The only field left to human will be understanding and recovering emotion of human caused by legal problem, which cannot be done by AI's controlling function. Then, what would be the attitude of legal people in this period? It would be to learn the new technology and applying in the field rather than going against it, this will be the way to survive in this new AI period.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.212-219
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• 2017

To become a person that is suitable to the 'High-Touch' generation where emotion takes over, we can focus on 6 skill including design, story, harmony, empathy, play, and meaning. Among these skills, harmony with design was chosen as the most important skill. Design can be seen as the basic element of all business, but it will be difficult to match the flow of the future Sensibility and intuitive generation with just the modern design that has been made based on reasonable and objective information and knowledge. This study suggests system and standardization of Sensibility surface processing design that satisfies great quality, attractive quality and Sensibility quality by applying surface processing design of product and Sensibility cognitive factors felt by the consumer by setting differentiated strategy and CMF (Color, Material, Finishing) understanding along with the importance of design materials in primary aspect. By considering the efficacy/characteristic of new surface processing characteristic/differentiation/possibility of implementation according to setting direction of differentiated CMF strategy per type of parts applied to the product, visual surface processing sample was implemented. Through this, it is expected that practical communication connected tool and Sensibility surface processing design's strategic access framework can be applied by understanding and sharing comprehensive elements such as target product, part type, applied material, applied surface processing, surface color, surface texture, and implementing feeling to environments such as designers, CMF designers, surface processing experts, and engineers in IT, electronics, and other areas. when developing a product.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.11-22
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• 2012

This study aimed to analyze applying TAM model the process that flow factors such as 'harmony of challenge and technology' exert effects on learners' attitudes of keeping learning in STEAM class employing robots. For the study, the 'Energy and Tools' chapter of the science textbook for the 6th grade's second semester was re-arranged, and applied for 189 students, and among them, only the 174 usable data were used for the analysis. As a result of analysis, students' learning immersion factor(factor of harmony of challenge and technology) had deeper effects on the factor of ease of learning than usefulness of learning and this in turn, had an effect on their intention to keep learning ultimately through the factor of value of learning as the study found. As a result of research, it was found that for indications identified, in order to use robots in STEAM class, for the students' intention to keep learning, it's essential for learners to have proper and active attitudes towards learning and basic knowledge of robots, and aspects of values should be considered that based on this, robot can assist in learning and affect results of learning in STEAM class. On the other hand, the factors of ease of learning and the combination of the challenge and technology do not gives direct (+) effect on the intention to continue learning and the value for learning, respectively. However, each of the two factor has indirect influence on each of the dependent variable within the significant range, which is the reason the author includes the result of the analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

The scientific verification of the physiological and psychological effects that result from interaction with green plants would not only provide objective knowledge on the psychological effect of green but would also establish useful grounds for the creation of green spaces that consider human emotions. The present study measured the cerebral activity(cerebral blood flow) and the autonomic nervous system activity (blood pressure, pulse rate, amylase) of fifteen Korean male subjects as they inhaled the natural scent diffused by pine needles. Impression and mood state evaluations of the reactions to the pine scent were carried out using the SD method and POMS. Cerebral activity was observed to be significantly activated in the feeling, judgment, and motor areas of the frontal lobe, as well as the memory area in the temporal lobe. Verbal evaluations by the SD method and POMS indicated a pine scent left natural but stimulated and active impressions, provided vigor, and also reduced confusion. The autonomic nervous system activities, however, showed no significant differences. These findings verified scientifically that a pine scent vitalizes humans both physiologically and psychologically. These results could be useful as fundamental data for the design of green spaces that consider human emotional aspects.