• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.665-678
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• 1999

Stroke is a major cause of death and long-term disability. Because muscle weakness is one of the most prominent consequences of stroke, it was considered important to determine whether exercise in order to improve muscle strength and range of motion could have an effect in limiting the learned disuse of the affected side. The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of an 8 week rehabilitation program on physical and cognitive ability in stroke patients. A total of 18 patients who were admitted to the oriental medicine unit of a K medical center in Seoul were recruited : ten for the experimental group and eight for the control group. The rehabilitation program consisted of three level's of active and passive exercises for prevention of muscle contracture and at range of motion. Muscle strength, flexibility of the upper and lower extremity, perceived balance, functional independence, depression, and quality of life for the two groups were compared at the pretest and 4 and 8 weeks after the rehabilitation program. The results are as follows : 1) When measuring muscle strengths of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion, hip flexion and knee extensor, ankle dorsi-flexor and muscle strength of knee flexor. Muscle strength of knee flexor for the experimental group was significantly higher than the comparison group at the 4 weeks. 2) Muscle strength and flexibility of the ankle dorsi -flexor for the experimental group was significantly better than for the control group at 8 weeks. 3) Functional independence, perceived balance, and Tinetti balance for the experimental group as measured at 4 and 8 weeks were better than for the control group. Also, there were changes over time in physical balance and functional ability, but there was no significant differences between the groups. 4) The experimental group showed a higher quality of life and lower depression than the control group at 8 weeks. 5) Muscle strength and flexibility of ankle dorsi -flexor were significantly changed over time and an interaction between group and time. The findings suggested that the rehabilitation program would improve the physical and psychological status of the stroke patients. Thus, the gains in actual or perceived ability to perform physical activities was marked.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of bobsleigh shoes on the lower extremity range of motion and start speed lap time and to develop bobsleigh shoes suitable for winter environments and Korean players based on sports science and optimized biomechanical performance. Background: The bobsleigh shoes used in the start section of the sport are one of the most important equipment for improving athletes' performances. Despite the importance of the start section, there are no shoes that are specifically designed for Korean bobsleigh athletes. Thus, Korean athletes have to wear sprint spike shoes instead of bobsleigh shoes to practice the start. Method: The subjects included four bobsleigh athletes from the Gangwon Province Bobsleigh Skeleton Federation. The study selected the bobsleigh shoe type A (company A) and type B (company B). We analyzed the lower extremity range of motion and sprint time (start line to 10 m) using a Motion Analysis System (USA). Results: In the measurement of the time required for the bobsleigh start section (10 m), the type A shoes demonstrated the fastest section record by $2.765{\pm}0.086sec$ and yielded more efficient movements, hip and knee flexion, hip extension, ankle dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, and inversion than the type B shoes. Conclusion: Type A shoes can yield a better performance via effective lower extremity movements in the bobsleigh start section. Application: In the future, functional analysis should be conducted by comparing the upper material properties, comfort, and muscle fatigue of bobsleigh shoes based on the Type A shoes to develop such shoes suitable for Koreans.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 2014

Reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the knee has always been a challenging task for plastic surgeons. Various reconstructive choices are available depending on the location, size, and depth of the defect relative to the knee joint. Defects on the knee joint have several characteristic features. The use of a free flap is preferred for reconstructions involving obliteration of large-cavity defects, but recipient pedicle isolation can be difficult because of the extent of the injury zone. Furthermore, the true defect during knee joint flexion is larger than during knee joint extension, and a durable flap is necessary for joint movement. We report for the first time on the use of pedicled perforator flaps for reconstruction of bilateral knee defects in a 76-year-old woman. The operative procedure required skeletonizing the perforators of an antero-lateral thigh flap and antero-medial thigh flap and rotating the flap in the defect. The patient returned to normal daily activity and had a full range of motion two months after the accident. The shorter operating time with decreased donor site morbidity and its durability make this flap a valuable alternative for soft tissue reconstruction of the knee.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.531-540
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between two inflatable kayak by recording performance related variables during the kayak forward stroke motion. A total of 5 elite high school kayak players were recruited to participate while their kinematics and muscle activations were recorded while performing inside their high school swimming pool. Boat velocity, boats swaying angle, the average angular velocity and were used to evaluate the boats performance. The player's trunk rotational range of motion, knee flexion-extension angle range of motion, maximum trunk rotation angle, the knee flexion-extension angular velocity, and the upper and lower limb muscle activations were calculated and analyzed for the player's efficiency evaluation. There were no significantly different variables for the player's kinematics and their muscle activations for the two conditions. The B kayak was significantly faster than the A kaya. In addition there were no significant differences between the remaining variables for the two kayaks. In conclusion, the B kayak was faster than the A kayak, but neither of the kayaks had an influence on the player's performance variables.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to know the average of hip joint range of motion and difference according to the aging for the elderly. This study consisted of elder male(n=75) and elder female(n=109). The result of assessment and analysis in hip pint range of motion are as follows : 1) The average hip flexion(knee flexed) joint range of motion in 60-69(from sixty to sixty-nine)years old are $104.26^{\circ}$(Left-Male), $101.00^{\circ}$(Right-Male), $107.05^{\circ}$(Left-Female), $107.05^{\circ}$(Right-Female). 70-79years old are $104.59^{\circ}$(L-M), $102.05^{\circ}$(R-M), $105.73^{\circ}$(L-F), $108.75^{\circ}$(R-F). 80-89years old are $101.53^{\circ}$(L-M), $101.13^{\circ}$(R-M), $96.83^{\circ}$(L-F), $97.67^{\circ}$(R-F). There was significant difference in hip flexion(knee flexed) among female group(p<.01). The average hip flexion(knee extended) joint range of motion in 60-69(from sixty to sixty-nine)years old are $73.13^{\circ}$(Left-Male), $72.04^{\circ}$(Right-Male), $77.29^{\circ}$(Left-Female), $75.97^{\circ}$(Right-Female). 70-79years old are $74.95^{\circ}$(L-M), $72.19^{\circ}$(R-M), $76.73^{\circ}$(L-F), $76.65^{\circ}$(R-F). 80-89years old are $70.83^{\circ}$(L-M), $70.37^{\circ}$(R-M), $69.00^{\circ}$(L-F), $69.00^{\circ}$(R-F). There was significant difference in left hip flexion(knee extended) among female group(p<.05). 2) The average hip extension joint range of motion in 60-69years old are $13.09^{\circ}$(L-M), $12.78^{\circ}$(R-M), $10.97^{\circ}$(L-F), $10.68^{\circ}$(R-F). 70-79years old are $8.95^{\circ}$(L-M), $8.48^{\circ}$(R-M), $11.24^{\circ}$(L-F), $10.90^{\circ}$(R-F). 80-89 years old are $8.40^{\circ}$(L-M), $8.23^{\circ}$(R-M), $7.33^{\circ}$(L-F), $7.33^{\circ}$(R-F). There was significant difference in left(p<.01) and right(p<.05) hip extension among male group(p<.05). 3) The average hip abduction joint range of motion in 60-69 years old are $33.04^{\circ}$(L-M), $33.17^{\circ}$(R-M), $33.16^{\circ}$(L-F), $33.37^{\circ}$(R-F). 70-79 years old are $31.00^{\circ}$(L-M), $30.05^{\circ}$(R-M), $32.44^{\circ}$(L-F), $32.68^{\circ}$(R-F). 80-89 years old are $29.07^{\circ}$(L-M), $27.90^{\circ}$(R-M), $28.17^{\circ}$(L-F), $28.67^{\circ}$(R-F). There was no significant difference among group. 4) The average hip adduction pint range, of motion in 60-69years old are $29.57^{\circ}$(L-M), $29.35^{\circ}$(R-M), $31.87^{\circ}$(L-F), $31.89^{\circ}$(R-F). 70-79, years old are $27.41^{\circ}$(L-M), 27.00(R-M) $30.85^{\circ}$(L-F), $31.28^{\circ}$(R-F). 80-89 years old are $26.87^{\circ}$(L-M), $26.63^{\circ}$(R-M), $24.67^{\circ}$(L-F), $24.83^{\circ}$(R-F). There was significant difference in hip abduction among female group(p<01). 5) The average hip external rotation pint range of motion in 60-69years old are $32.26^{\circ}$(L-M), $31.17^{\circ}$(R-M), $33.53^{\circ}$(L-F), $34.42^{\circ}$(R-F). 70-79 years old are $31.64^{\circ}$(L-M), $28.62^{\circ}$(R-M) $31.29^{\circ}$(L-F), $31.45^{\circ}$(R-F). 80-89 years old are $26.40^{\circ}$(L-M), $26.07^{\circ}$(R-M), $24.77^{\circ}$(L-F), $24.27^{\circ}$(R-F). There was significant difference in left(male, female p<.01) and right(female p<.0l) hip external rotation among group. 6) The average hip internal rotation joint range of motion in 60-69years old are $30.30^{\circ}$(L-M), $28.13^{\circ}$(R-M), $34.27^{\circ}$(L-F), $36.03^{\circ}$(R-F). 70-79years old are $31.24^{\circ}$(L-M), $29.57^{\circ}$(R-M), $28.51^{\circ}$(L-F), $29.10^{\circ}$(R-F). 80-89 years old are $24.63^{\circ}$(L-M), $24.40^{\circ}$(R-M), $24.27^{\circ}$(L-F), $24.27^{\circ}$(R-F). There was significant difference in left(male p<.05, female p<.01) and right(female p<.01) hip internal rotation among group.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2021

A normal range of motion is essential for performing activities of daily living. The capsular pattern is the proportional motion restriction in range of motion during passive exercises due to tightness of the joint capsule. Although the capsular pattern is widely referred to in clinical practice, there is no scientific evidence to support the concept. In this review, the appropriateness of the capsular pattern for evaluation of joint pathology was assessed. In the Textbook of Orthopaedic Medicine written by Cyriax, the capsular pattern did not specify how much reduction in angular motion is considered motion restriction. As the definition proposed initially was unclear, different methods have been used in previous studies investigating capsular pattern. In addition, the capsular pattern described all the major joints of the human body, but only the hip joint, knee joint, and shoulder joint were studied in experimental studies. Sensitivity and specificity were reported in one study and were meaningful in specific pathologies (loss of extension to loss of flexion). There was no consensus on the reliability and validity. In summary, the capsular pattern suggested by Cyriax or Kaltenborn is not supported or applies only to certain conditions. Various components around a joint complement each other and provide stability to the joint. It is recommended that the therapist perform multiple assessments rather than rely on a single assessment when evaluating joints.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze kinetic variables of lower limbs according to types of ankle taping in drop landing. For this, targeting seven male basketball players (average age: $20.8{\pm}0.74yrs$, average height: $187.4{\pm}3.92cm$, average weight: $79.8{\pm}7.62kg$) with no instability of ankle joints, the drop landing motion was conducted according to three types of inelastic taping (C-type), elastic taping (K-type), and no treatment (N-taping). Based on the result, the next conclusion was reached. First, the effect of taping for the players with stable ankles was minimal and the high load on ankle joints offset the fixing effect of inelastic taping. Thus the inelastic taping for the players with stable ankles did not have an effect on the control of dorsal flexion during one-foot landing. Second, increasing angular velocity by increasing the movable range of knee joints disperses impact forces, yet inelastic taping restricted the range of knee joint motion and at the same time increased angular velocity, adding to a negative effect on knee joints. Third, inelastic taping induced inefficient motion of Lower limbs and unstable impact force control of ankle joints at the moment of landing and produced maximum vertical ground reaction force, which led to an increase of load. Therefore, inelastic ankle taping of players whose jump actions occur very often should be reconsidered. Also, it is thought that this study has a great meaning in proving the problem of inelastic taping related to knee pain with unknown causes.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the interrelationship between ranges of motion of the knee and ankle joints on the sagittal plane and the attenuation magnitude of impact shock at high frequency (9~20 Hz) in the support phase during downhill running. Method: Fifteen male heel-toe runners with no history of lower extremity injuries were recruited for this study (age, $25.07{\pm}5.35years$; height, $175.4{\pm}4.6cm$; mass, $75.8{\pm}.70kg$). Two uniaxial accelerometers were mounted to the tuberosity of tibia and sacrum, respectively, to measure acceleration signals. The participants were asked to run at their preferred running speed on a treadmill set at $0^{\circ}$, $7^{\circ}$, and $15^{\circ}$ downhill. Six optical cameras were placed around the treadmill to capture the coordinates of the joints of the lower extremities. The power spectrum densities of the two acceleration signals were analyzed and used in the transfer function describing the gain and attenuation of impact shock between the tibia and the sacrum. Angles of the knee and ankle joints on the sagittal plane and their angle ranges were calculated. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between two variables, the magnitude of impact shock, and the range of joint angle under three downhill conditions. The alpha level was set at .05. Results: Close correlations were observed between the knee joint range of motion and the attenuation magnitude of impact shock regardless of running slopes (p<.05), and positive correlations were found between the ranges of motion of the knee and ankle joints and the attenuation magnitude of impact shock in $15^{\circ}$ downhill running (p<.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, increased knee flexion might be required to attenuate impact shock during downhill and level running through change in stride or cadence while maintaining stability, and strong and flexible ankle joints are also needed in steeper downhill running.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.484-489
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• 2004

Artificial joint replacement is one of the major surgical advances of the 21th century. The primary purpose of a TKA (Total Knee Arthroplasty) is to restore normal knee Auction. Therefore, ideally, a TKA should: (a) maintain the natural leverage of the knee joint muscles to ensure generating adequate knee muscle moments to accomplish daily tasks such as rising from a chair or climbing stairs;(b) allow the same range of motion as an complete knee; and (c) provide adequate knee joint stability. Four individuals (2 peoples after surgery one year and 2 peoples after surgery three years) participated in this study. All they were prescreened for health and functional status by the same surgeon who performed the operations. Two days of accommodation practice occurred prior to the actual strength testing. The isometric strength (KIN-COM III) of the quadriceps and hamstring were measured at 60$^\circ$ and 30$^\circ$ of knee flexion, respectively. During isokinetic concentric testing, the range of motion was between 10$^\circ$ to 80$^\circ$ of knee flexion (stand-to-sit) and extension (sit-to-stand). for a given test, the trial exhibiting maximum torque was analyzed. A 16-channel MYOPACTM EMG system (Run Technologies, Inc.) was used to collect the differential input surface electromyographic (EMG) signals of the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis(VL), rectus femoris (RF) during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tests. Disposable electrodes (Blue SensorTM, Medicotest, Inc.) were used to collect the EMG signals. The results were as follows; 1. Less maximum concentric (16% and 21% less for 1 yew man and 3 years mm, respectively) and isometric (12% and 29%, respectively) quadriceps torque for both participants. 2.14% less maximum hamstrings concentric torque for 1 year man but 16% greater torque for 3 years mm. However, 1 year man had similar hamstring isometric peak torque for both knees. 3. Less quadriceps co-contraction by 1 year man except for the VM at 10$^\circ$-20$^\circ$ and 30$^\circ$-50$^\circ$ range of knee flexion.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.333-338
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• 2019

Purpose: Although previous studies on the screw-home movement (SHM) for autopsy specimen and walking of living persons conducted, the possibility of acquiring SHM based on inertial measurement units received little attention. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of measuring SHM for the non-weighted bearing using a micro-electro-mechanical system-based wearable motion capture system (MEMSS). Methods: MEMSS and camera-based motion analysis systems were used to obtain kinematic data of the knee joint. The knee joint moved from the flexion position to a fully extended position and then back to the start point. The coefficient of multiple correlation and the difference in the range of motion were used to assess the waveform similarity in the movement measured by two measurement systems. Results: The waveform similarity in the sagittal plane was excellent and the in the transverse plane was good. Significant differences were found in the sagittal plane between the two systems (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the transverse plane between the two systems (p>0.05). Conclusion: The SHM during the passive motion without muscle contraction in the non-weighted bearing appeared in the entire range. We thought that the MEMSS could be easily applied to the acquisition of biomechanical data on the knee related to physical therapy.