• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1987

These studies were conducted to investigate effects of Prunus mume extract on experimentally alloxan-induced diabetes in rabbites, antibacterial activity and acute toxicity in mice ; 1. $LD_{50}$ of Prunus mume extract(P.M.E.) was 15.25g/kg intraperitoneally in mice. 2. P.M.E. showed more significant recuperative effect compared to the control group in alloxan-induced diabetes of rabbits. 1) P.M.E. 800mg/kg bodyweight exhibited more excellent hypoglycemic effect afte 6 days and adjacent to the normal level at 14th day. 2) SGPT activity was significantly decreased after 6 days, and the blood levels of total cholesterol and urea-nitrogen were significant in 800mg/kg at 6 days and 10 days respectively. 3. In antibacterial activity test P.M.E. was active at 0.195mg/kg in Staphyllococcus aureus, 3.125mg/ml in E. coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and in Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 0.391mg/ml. 4. In histological findings, the sample groups were deeply stained, fully granulated and partial degranulation of ${\beta}-cells$, and a few vacuolar and vesicular changes of cytoplasm than alloxan treated group in proportion to the sample amounts.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2017

요소가수분해효소는 요소를 암모니아와 이산화탄소로 가수분해하는 효소로 요로감염을 일으키는 세균의 주요 병원성 인자이다. 따라서 요소가수분해효소는 세균이 요로감염증을 유발하는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 요소가수분해효소를 생성하는 6가지 종류의 세균에 (K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, M. morganii, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, S. saprophyticus) 대한 제럼본의 억제효과와 요소가수분해효소 활성능을 평가하였다. 최소억제농도와 최소살균농도 실험에서 제럼본은 요소가수분해효소를 생성하는 6가지 종류의 세균에 대해 억제효과를 보였으며, 최소억제농도는 0.5-2 mM, 최소살균농도는 1-4 mM를 나타내었다. 요소가수분해 활성억제 실험에서 제럼본은 요소가수분해효소의 억제제로 사용하는 아세토히드록사민산 보다 뛰어난 요소가수분해 활성억제효과를 보였다. 그러나 제럼본은 요소가수분해효소를 이루는 소단위체의 발현양에는 영향을 주지 않았다. 이러한 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때, 제럼본은 요소가수분해효소를 생성하는 세균에 대한 살균력을 가질 뿐 만 아니라 훌륭한 요소가수분해 활성억제력도 보유하고 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2000

Three major hospitals with over 500 beds located in and near Seoul were surveyed for airbone microorganisms from February 1, 1998 to February 18, 1998. The purpose of the study was to identify and quantify microbiological organisms circulating in the air of three different areas in the hospitals. For the study, a RCS air sampler was utilized equipped with two different collection media, the agar strip GK-A for bacteria and the agar strip HS for fungi. The areas investigated were the intensive care unit (ICU) in the Department of internal medicine, the Newborns room in the Department of Obstetrics, and the microbiology laboratory. The results were as follows; 1. The average numbers of general microbiological particles collected on the agar strip GK-A media were $205CFU/m^3$, $232CFU/m^3$, and $128CFU/m^3$ in each hospitals. The highest concentration of $387CFU/m^3$ was found in the ICU of A hospital at 15:00 during the day. Further analysis of the collected bioaerosols by gram staining, revealed that there were gram positive cocci (89.5%), gram positive bacilli (7.2%), gram negative bacilli (2.8%), and fungi (0.5%), in descending order of frequency. 2. Ten different genes were identified from the agar strip GK-A. The most frequently identified organisms were: the Coagulase negative staphylococcus (55.0%), Micrococcus (21.4%), Enterococcus species(10.4%), and Bacillus species (7.2%). A series of antibiotics susceptibility test were conducted against the aforementioned four(4) organisms. Ninety percent of coagulase negative stapylococcus were sensitive to Penicillins. Pathogenic microbes isolated include: Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter species, Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. 3 Although 56.8% of the microorganisms grown on the strip HS media for fungi could not be identified, some of them were successfully identified. The most frequently found fungi were Aspergillus (35.3%), Yeast or Molds (6.2%), and Penicillium (0.7%). Based on the results obtained from the study, it was concluded that some areas in the hospitals had abnormally high bioaerosol concentrations which could be attributed to human activity. Therefore, it is recommended that periodic assessments of indoor bioaerosols aiming to identify the possible sources should be conducted in order to maintain clean indoor environment in the hospitals.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.420-429
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• 2000

Oral & maxillofacial infections are most commonly odontogenic in origin. Although such infections are usually self-limiting, they may occasionally spread deeply into fascial spaces or planes far from the initial site of involvement. If early diagnosis and appropriate therapy is delayed, complications such as mediastinal extension, retropharyngeal spread and airway obstruction could happen to the patients. For the study of the microbiology, we have retrospectively analysed the oral & maxillofacial infected patients in the Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. In-Ha University Hospital from 1997 September to 2000 April. The results were as follows 1. The male patients were more common than female, with male 61.9% and female 38.1%. 2. Dental originated infections were most common cause with the incidence of 62%. 3. Most common fascial space involved was buccal space 42cases(37.2%) followed by submandibular space 13cases(11.5%), infraorbital space 13cases(11.5%), masseteric space 11cases(9.7%), periapical abscess 11cases(9.7%). 4. The causative organisms isolated from the pus culture were Gram Positive Bacterial species, which were 46cases(31.9%) of Streptococcus viridans, 16cases(8.6%) of ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}-hemolytic$ streptococcus, 4cases(3.1%) of Strep.-group D non enterococci, 7cases(5.1%) of Staphylococcus Coa. neg., 5cases(3.9%) of Staphylococcus aureus, 3cases(2.3%) of Enterococcus faecalis, 1case(0.8%) of Bacillus species, 1case(0.8%) of Peptostreptococcus, 1case(0.8%) of Clostridium and Gram negative bacterial species, which were 4cases(3.1%) of Acinetobacter baumannii, 2cases(1.6%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2cases(1.6%) of Burkholderia cepacia, 1case(0.8%) of Neisseria species, 1case(0.8%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1case(0.8%) of Klebsiella oxytoca, 1case(0.8%) of Escherichia coli. 5. In drug sensitivity test, high resistant tendency was found in Penicillin system(Penicillin G 83.3%, Ampicillin 60%) and Aminoglycosides (Gentamycin 50%, Tobramycin 45.5%), but tertiary Cephalosporin system(Cefoperazone 9.1%, Ceftazidime 18.2%), and glycopeptides system (Teicoplanin 0%, Vancomycin 0%) showed lower resistancy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2009

The chemical compositions, and antibacterial and antifungal effects of essential oils extracted from three coniferous species, Pinus densiflora, Cryptomeria japonica, and Chamaecyparis obtusa, were investigated. Gas chromatography mass analysis of the essential oils revealed that the major components and the percentage of each essential oil were 16.66% $\beta$-phellandrene and 14.85% $\alpha$-pinene in P. densiflora; 31.45% kaur-16-ene and 11.06% sabinene in C. japonica; and 18.75% bicyclo [2,2,1] heptan-2-ol and 17.41% 2-carene in Ch. obtusa. The antimicrobial assay by agar disc diffusion method showed that $2.2{\mu}g$ of Ch. obtusa oil inhibited most effectively the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 33312 and Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 10031, whereas the C. japonica oil gave weak antimicrobial activity. The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) values for bacterial strains were in the range of 5.45-21.8 mg/ml depending on essential oils, but most Gram-negative bacteria were resistant even at 21.8 mg oil/ml. P. densiflora oil showed the most effective antifungal activity and the MIC values for Cryptococcus neoformans B42419 and Candida glabrata YFCC 062CCM 11658 were as low as 0.545 and 2.18 mg/ml, respectively. Cryp. neoformans B42419 was the most sensitive to all essential oils in the range of 0.545-2.18 mg/ml. Our data clearly showed that the essential oils from the three conifers had effective antimicrobial activity, especially against fungi.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.825-830
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• 2001

Escherichia coli, which harbored the ars operon from a plasmid pMH12 of Klebsiella oxytoca D12, showed filamentation due to the expression of ars genes in the presence of arsenite. The continued DNA replication in the absence of cell division was revealed, since nucleoids abound with DAPI appeared to be arranged in chains. In contrast to overexpression of arsA, its frame-shift mutant and knock-out mutant lost filamentation in the presence of arsenite, which suggested that ars-induced division block was dependent on expression of arsA. ArsA-induced division inhibition was not a consequence of an inhibition of DNA replication, and the inability of arsenite to induce an SOS response indicated that arsA-mediated division inhibition was dependent on the expression of the gene product encoded by the minB operon. ArsA is a peripheral membrane protein with an ATP-binding domain, which is homologous to MinD that requires ATP-dependent efflux. These results suggested that ArsA could possibly recruit MinC to the membrane and modulate cytoplasmic FtsZ to block assembly at the middle of the cell.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.510-517
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• 2021

Purpose: Consensus is lacking regarding the optimal antibiotic treatment for pediatric complicated appendicitis. This study determined the optimal first-line antibiotic treatment for pediatric patients with complicated appendicitis based on peritoneal fluid cultures. Methods: This retrospective study examined the cases of pediatric patients who underwent appendectomy for complicated appendicitis at our institution between 2013 and 2019. Peritoneal fluid specimens obtained during appendectomy were cultured for the presence of bacteria. Results: Eighty-six pediatric patients were diagnosed with complicated appendicitis. Of them, bacteria were identified in 54 peritoneal fluid samples. The major identified bacteria were Escherichia coli (n=36 [66.7%]), Bacteroides fragilis (n=28 [51.9%]), α-Streptococcus (n=25 [46.3%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=10 [18.5%]), Enterococcus avium (n=9 [16.7%]), γ-Streptococcus (n=9 [16.7%]), and Klebsiella oxytoca (n=6 [11.1%]). An antibiotic susceptibility analysis showed E. coli was inhibited by sulbactam/ampicillin in 43.8% of cases versus cefmetazole in 100% of cases. Tazobactam/piperacillin and meropenem inhibited the growth of 96.9-100% of the major identified bacteria. E. coli (100% vs. 84.6%) and P. aeruginosa (100% vs. 80.0%) were more susceptible to amikacin than gentamicin. Conclusion: Tazobactam/piperacillin or meropenem is a reasonable first-line antibiotic treatment for pediatric complicated appendicitis. In the case of aminoglycoside use, amikacin is recommended.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2013

목적: 본 연구는 단일 기관에서 수두-대상포진 바이러스 감염으로 입원한 소아 환자의 임상 경과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2009년부터 2012년까지 서울대학교 어린이병원에서 피부 병변의 수포액으로 시행한 수두-대상포진 바이러스 배양검사와 중합효소 연쇄반응검사로 수두-대상포진 바이러스 감염증이 확진된 40명의 입원환자를 대상으로 하였다. 환자들의 의무기록을 통하여 진단 시 연령 및 성별, 수두 백신 시행유무, 임상증상 및 경과, 기저질환, 치료와 합병증에 대하여 분석하였다. 결과: 대상자 중 수두 환자는 16명, 대상포진 환자는 24명이었고, 연령 중앙값은 10.5세로 생후 16일부터 19세까지 분포하였다. 기저질환이 동반된 환자는 35명(87.5%)이었고, 24명의 대상포진 환자 중 과거에 수두를 앓았던 경우가 11례에서 있었고, 재발한 대상포진은 1례에서 있었다. 20명(50%)은 이전에 수두 백신의 접종력이 있었고, 이 중 19명은 면역저하환자였다. 대부분의 환자(95%)는 정맥용 또는 경구용 항바이러스제로 치료받았고, 정맥용 항바이러스제 투여 후 치료 실패는 관찰되지 않았다. 면역저하환자에서 발열의 기간은 평균 4.4일(1-10일)로 정상 면역력을 가진 환자와 비교하였을 때 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 항바이러스제의 투여기간은 평균 12일(7-23일)로 유의하게 길었다(P=0.014). 두 명(5.0%)의 환자에서 Streptococcus pyogenes와 Klebsiella oxytoca에 의한 이차 세균 감염이 확인되었으며, 1명(2.5%)에서 폐렴이, 11명(27.5%)에서 대상포진후 신경통이 합병되었다. 결론: 수두-대상포진 바이러스 감염은 면역저하 소아에서 발생할 시에 장기간의 항바이러스제 치료가 필요하므로 이 같은 환자들을 적극적으로 치료하고, 면밀하게 관찰하는 것이 필요하다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2006

독성물질의 무독화 연구의 화학적 분석방법의 문제점을 보완하고, 난분해성 독성물질의 분해 미생물을 효율적으로 탐색하기 위해, 지렁이와 microplate를 이용한 빠르고 간편한 독성평가 시스템을 구축하였다. 본 방법은 지렁이의 사육이나 특수시설이 필요하지 않으며, 치사 및 무게감소가 현저하게 나타나지 않는 저농도, 단기간 처리시에도 신속하게 독성의 정량평가가 가능하다 실제 endosulfan 및 다양한 endosulfan 유도체, 구조적 유사체 등을 대상으로 독성 평가한 결과, endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, aldrin 및 dieldrin 에서만 독성이 나타나 기존의 연구결과와 잘 일치하였다. 이를 이용하여 endosulfan분해 및 무독화 균주 선별을 시도한 결과, 기존 endosulfan분해 및 무독화 균주로 선별된 KE-1, KE-8, KS-2P균주 처리의 경우에는 지렁이의 독성이 거의 나타나지 않았으나, E. coli, B. subtilis, 및 YSU 균주들을 처리한 경우에는, 지렁이 사멸과 함께 심각한 독성이 나타났다. 따라서, 본 시스템은 독성물질의 독성평가뿐 아니라, 독성물질의 분해 및 무독화 미생물 선별에 매우 유용함을 확인하였다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.605-616
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• 2022

We prepared two samples of ultrafine ferrihydrite (FH) nanoparticle ensembles of quite a different origin. First is the biosynthesized sample (as a product of the vital activity of bacteria Klebsiella oxytoca (hereinafter marked as FH-bact) with a natural organic coating and negligible magnetic interparticle interactions. And the second one is the chemically synthesized ferrihydrite (hereinafter FH-chem) without any coating and high level of the interparticle interactions. The interparticle magnetic interactions have been tuned by modifying the nanoparticle surface in both samples. The coating of the FH-bact sample has been partially removed by annealing at 150℃ for 24 h (hereinafter FH-annealed). The FH-chem sample, vice versa, has been coated (1.0 g) with biocompatible polysaccharide (arabinogalactan) in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min (hereinafter FH-coated). The changes in the surface properties of nanoparticles have been controlled by XPS. According to the electron microscopy data, the modification of the nanoparticle surface does not drastically change the particle shape and size. A change in the average nanoparticle size in sample FH-annealed to 3.3 nm relative to the value in the other samples (2.6 nm) has only been observed. The estimated particle coating thickness is about 0.2-0.3 nm for samples FH-bact and FH-coated and 0.1 nm for sample FH-annealed. Mössbauer and magnetization measurements are definitely shown that the drastic change in the blocking temperature is caused by the interparticle interactions. The experimental temperature dependences of the hyperfine field hf>(T) for samples FH-bact and FH-coated have not revealed the effect of interparticle interactions. Otherwise, the interparticle interaction energy E_int estimated from the hf>(T) for samples FH-chem and FH-annealed has been found to be 121k_B and 259k_B, respectively.