• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1994

By applying of total electric capacitance method on engine connecting rod bearing during engine operating, the influence of engine operating conditions and lubricants on bearing oil film thickness was investigated. Minimum oil film thickness increases with kinematic viscosity, but as increasing of viscosity, the increasing ratio of film thickness is reduced. Also minimum oil film thickness increases with engine speed but there is a limit. Above this limit, film thickness decreases in opposition because of crankshaft inertia. As increasing of engine torque and oil temperature, munimum oil film thickness decreases linearly. For non-Newtonian oils, the correlation between $100{\circ}C$ kinematic viscosity and munimum oil film thickness is very poor.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2009

Oil viscosity is one of the important parameters for machinery condition monitoring. Basically, it is expressed as kinematic viscosity measured by capillary flow and dynamic or absolute viscosity measured by rotary shear viscometry. Recently, acoustic wave techniques appear in the market, measuring viscosity as the product of dynamic viscosity and density. For Newtonian fluids, knowledge of density allows conversion from one viscosity parameter to the other at a specific shear rate and temperature. In this work, oil samples with different chain lengths of viscosity index (VI) improvers and concentrations were examined by different viscometric techniques. Results showed that acoustic viscosity measurements give misleading results for oil samples with high molecular weight VI improvers and at low temperatures ${\leq}40^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.429-433
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• 2012

Purpose: While rapeseed oil, soy bean oil, palm oil and waste cooking oil are being used for biodiesel, the viscosity of them should be lowered for fuel. The most widely used method of decreasing the viscosity of vegetable oil is to convert the vegetable oil into fatty acid methyl ester but is too expensive. This experiment uses ultrasonic energy, instead of converting the vegetable oil into fatty acid methyl ester, to lower the viscosity of the waste cooking oil. Methods: For irradiation treatment, the sample in a beaker was irradiated with ultrasonic energy and the viscosity and temperature were measured with a viscometer. For heating treatment, the sample in a beaker was heated and the viscosity and temperature were measured with a viscometer. Kinematic viscosity was calculated by dividing absolute viscosity with density. Results: The kinematic viscosity of waste cooking oil and cooking oil are up to ten times as high as that of light oil at room temperature. However, the difference of two types of oil decreased by four times as the temperature increased over $83^{\circ}C$. When the viscosity by the treatment of ultrasonic energy irradiation was compared to one by the heating treatment to the waste cooking oil, the viscosity by the treatment of ultrasonic energy irradiation was lower by maximum of 22% and minimum of 12%, than one by the heating treatment. Conclusions: Ultrasonic energy irradiation lowered the viscosity more than the heating treatment did, and ultrasonic energy irradiation has an enormous effect on fuel reforming.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2006

A numerical study is made of the spin-up from rest of a three-layer fluid in a closed, vertically-mounted cylinder. The densities in the upper layer $\rho_1$, middle layer $\rho_2$ and lower layer $\rho_3\;are\;\rho_3\;>\;\rho_2\;>\;\rho_1$, and the kinematic viscosities are left arbitrary. The representative system Ekman number is small. Numerical solutions are obtained to the time-dependent axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations, and the treatment of the interfaces is modeled by use of the Height of Liquid method. Complete three-component velocity fields, together with the evolution of the interface deformations, are depicted. At small times, when the kinematic viscosity in the upper layer is smaller than in the middle layer, the top interface rises (sinks) in the central axis (peripheral) region. When the kinematic viscosity in the lower layer is smaller than in the middle layer, the bottom interface rises (sinks) in the periphery (axis) region. Detailed shapes of interfaces are illustrated for several cases of exemplary viscosity ratios.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1994

Effect of Newtonian and non-Newtonian oils on minimum ol film thickness in engine journal bearing were investigated at various oil viscosities. The influence of oil viscosity and engine operating conditions on minimum oil film thickness of main bearing and con-rod bearing was examined. Minimum oil film thickness for Newtonian oils increased uniformly with kinematic viscosity. But the correlation between kinematic viscosity and minimum oil film thickness was very poor for non-Newtonian oils. According to the straight-line regression analysis for non-Newtonian oils, high temperature high shear viscosity at 1 $1{\times}10^6Sec^{-1}$, $150^{\circ}C$ increase the coefficient of determination from 0.41 to 0.77. Con-rod bearing showed better correlation between minimum oil film thickness and engine operating conditions than main bearing.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.380-389
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• 2020

포화지방산 함량이 높은 우지와 불포화지방산 함량이 높은 식물성 유지인 해바라기유를 혼합한 혼합오일의 바이오디젤 전환특성을 규명하고 연료특성을 분석하였다. 다변량분산분석을 이용하여 도출한 기여율로 각 실험변수 (메탄올/유지 몰비, 오일혼합비) 가 바이오디젤 전환에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 또한, 바이오디젤의 고점도 문제를 해결하기 위해 가열과 초음파 조사의 방법을 적용하여 동점도 감소효과를 검증하였다. 연료별 온도 도와 동점도간의 상관관계식을 통해 동점도 감소를 위한 연료별 최적 온도를 도출하였다. 그 결과, 바이오디젤 전환율은 오일 혼합비 TASU7, 메탄올/유지 몰비 10에서 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났고 지방산 조성에 따라 연료특성에 차이가 있었다. 또한, 우지, 해바라기유 오일 혼합 바이오디젤의 연료특성 분석 결과 바이오디젤의 품질기준을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 바이오디젤의 고점도를 해결하기 위한 동점도 실험 결과 가열 방법의 동점도 감소 효과가 초음파 조사 방법에 비해 우수한 것으로 나타나 간단한 가열장치로 바이오디젤의 고점도를 해결할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.403-410
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• 1990

Application of the Rheocatch Hotwire Monitoring System for food biotechnology process was evaluated. The growth of microogranism, E coli (JM 83 and Sigma) and Corynesccfertun glutamicum, were monitored. in the fermentor. The cell growth could not be detected the temperature differences between the hotwire and samples($\Delta$T) as indicated by the monitoring system during the fermentation processes. The cell concentration of less than 2g/dl was not sufficient to generate the measurable temperature difference in the fermentor. In order to calibrate the Rheocatch Monitoring System, the temperature difference as a function of solute concentration (microbial cells, sodium cholide, sucrose and dextran) was studied. The relationship between $\Delta$T and the concentration of microbial cells, sucrose and dextran can be expressed in a power series. Further studied with dextran indicated that viscosity and/or kinematic viscosity increase exponentially with an increase in $\Delta$T This is regardless of the concentration and molecular weight of dextran. $\Delta$T linearly increases with the logarithm of molecular weight, while the logarithm of viscosity and the logarithm of kinematic viscosity increase with the logarithm of molecular weight.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2013

This article reports the drag reduction phenomenon of aqueous suspensions containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) flowing through horizontal tubes. Stable nanofluids were prepared by using a surfactant. It is found that the drag forces of CNT nanofluids were reduced at specific flow conditions compared to the base fluid. It is found that the friction factor of CNT nanofluids was reduced up to approximately 30 % by using CNT nanofluids. Increased kinematic viscosities of CNT nanofluids are suggested to the key factors that cause the drag reduction phenomenon. In addition, transition from laminar to turbulent flow is observed to be delayed when CNT nanofluids flow in a horizontal tube, meaning that drag reduction occurs at higher flow rates, that is, at higher Reynolds numbers.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.318-323
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• 2009

The oil characteristics and wear particles of Diesel engines with a DPF have been investigated as a function of a driving distance. The engine oil of SAE 5W30 with ACEA C3 is used for an oil film lubrication of the engine, which is equipped with Diesel particulate filter. Depending on the oil test results, the kinematic viscosity of used engine oils at 40 is degraded up to 5.1% compared with that of unused engine oils, SAE 5W30. And the kinematic viscosity of used engine oils at 100 is more degraded up to 8.1% compared with that of unused engine oils. The oil characteristic as a function of a mileage is not changed depending on the driving distance because of high quality of engine oils. But the aluminum and copper compounds, which are used as base materials of the engine bearing and a pin bush, are much worn and contaminated for the increased mileage of the car. The oil properties of used engine oils are relatively good except phosphorus and calcium additives, which are heavily engaged in the performance of the oils.

• 한국에너지공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국에너지공학회 2010년도 춘계학술 발표회
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• pp.175-175
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• 2010

지능화, 고도화되어 제조되는 유사연료유는 차량 안전과 건전한 에너지 산업 육성을 저해시키고 있다는 점에서 문제가 되고 있다. 대표적인 유사경유 유형 중용제혼입의 경우는 적출과정에서 원료와 일반경유와의 혼입율을 조제시험을 통해 확인하고 있는데, 원료확보와 분석에 많은 시간과 노력이 소요되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 예상 유사경유원료를 조사하고 주요 물성에 대한 분석을 근거로 관계식을 도출하였으며, 실제 분석을 대체할 수 있는 예측 프로그램을 제작하였다.