• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2015

The water quality of the Gulpo Stream flowing through Incheon, Bucheon, Seoul, and Kimpo is getting worse due to a slow flow rate and bank constructions by stream channelization as well as an inflow of pollutants from living-sewages and factory-sewages. Besides, a dry stream phenomenon caused by a lack of maintenance water upstream makes a self-purification system worse, and the water quality of the Gulpo Stream is currently at its lowest level. The accumulated sludge of the streambed is mostly formed by the deposition of particle pollutants due to the slow flow rate and an artificially straightened stream channel. This accumulated sludge adsorbs a great quantity of organic materials and heavy metals. Because of the internal contamination possibility by a re-gushing, even after the pollution source is removed, it can cause future water pollution. Without a total examination as previously recommended, it is considered difficult to accomplish practical efficiency. In conclusion, the management of periodic sediment management such as dredging would be necessary in the Gulpo Stream because sediment could be an internal pollution source of stream water under anaerobic conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1403-1413
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• 2015

An information System Audit by the recognition of a problem and suggestions for solutions for overall matters about constructing and managing information systems is needed in order to contribute to the improvement of an information system's quality and improving the performance of projects. In reality, however, the general cognition is that audit is biased by subjective opinions. For this, an auditor needs to measure the level of recognition of the usability and convenience of the technologies of automating audit by applying TAM in the information system audit, and to analyze the relationship with recognition and availability of the interested parties for the technology (tool) of the audit. By the hypothesis verification result, an auditor needs to present objective corroborative facts that back up the level of recognition and usability for the information technology in the field of audit. This study verified that the phenomenon of technology application can be explained and predicted by applying TAM in the field of audit. Through an empirical study of the recognition level of audit and contractor, the developer suggests that the audit plan stage is similar to the audit corrective action stage, but the audit action stage is different from the audit review stage. This research can verify the audit technology preferred for the availability and intention of use and usability.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Computer Game
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.71-79
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• 2018

As the age that importance of convergence is bigger develops, there is growing different tries and changes in the education sector to train talents necessary for the future age. This paper is aimed at applying gamification factors that can attract elementary school students to participate in classes and cause interests as well as developing a STEAM program for elementary school students. Also, the purpose of this article is to propose educational values and possibility of the STEAM program which gamification factors applied to, and effective methods. For doing this, first, we conducted a study in relationship between the theological background and education on gamification factors based on literature surveys. Second, the STEAM program for elementary school students applying gamification factors and a program called 'My Little Building Forest' were developed. We made three-step contents for classes and activities and textbooks and kits and others with a theme, "principles of the cognitive science on depth perception". Third, developed programs apply to real classes as demonstrating them. We analyzed results through surveys on levels of satisfaction and interviews for teachers and others. Fourth, we discuss possibilities and values and limitations and others on the STEAM program applying gamification factors as we are based on results of analysis. We hope that we maximize impacts of the STEAM education through this education and contribute to train talents to lead age of the convergence.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.158-168
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• 2019

This study has researched and analyzed the relation among adolescents metabolic syndrome, dietary life, physical activity and mental health using $7^{th}$ National Nutrition Survey of $1^{st}$ year(2016) to provide the base data for the prevention of adolescent metabolic syndrome and the promotion of mental health. The subjects have been aimed at 13-18 year-old adolescents. The normal group consists of 201 males(56.4%) and 187 females(47.4%) and the adolescents with metabolic syndrome are composed of 9 males(56.4%) and 6 females(43.6%), totally 403 subjects. As a result of analyzing on the relation among adolescents' metabolic syndrome, dietary life, physical activity and mental health, the main influencing factors of metabolic syndrome are as follows. First, with regard to physical features, as BMI increases 1, the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome multiplies 1.746 times. Second, when eating breakfast once to twice a week, the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome decreases 0.87 times. Third, with regard to physical activity, as usual sitting hours a day increase 1 hour, the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome multiplies 1.054 times. Fourth, the relation between metabolic syndrome and mental health of adolescents is not significant at all. Thus, the further study on metabolic syndrome focused on adolescents should be extended through the development of various variables of dietary life, physical activity and mental health focused on adolescents. In addition, the development of effective intervention program combining with dietary life, physical activity and mental health factors is necessary.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.183-193
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of black consumer behavior perception on the anger expression and turnover intention of beauty workers. For data collection, the final 392 copies were used by distributing questionnaires to 400 people for three months from November 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022, centering on beauty service workers in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon. For data analysis, SPSS 25.0 program was used. Frequency analysis was performed to identify demographic characteristics, and factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed to understand the validity of the measurement tool. Correlation analysis, A regression analysis was performed. As a result of the analysis, the transient and deterrence of black consumers had a positive (+) effect on anger expression, anger suppression, and turnover intention, and anger expression and anger control had a positive (+) effect on turnover intention. Therefore, it is necessary to raise excessive problems of black consumers or eradicate forced services, and it is believed that proper customer response methods and programs for stress relief should be provided by members.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2024

The rate of single-person households has been increasing all over the world, and there has been a particularly rapid increase in them in Korea. Single-person households show unique and various characteristics related to the reasons for becoming a single-person household, gender, life cycle, and so on. Thus, research needs to focus on the specific groups of single-person households in order to provide tailored policies and programs. This study segmented single-person households in three groups based on life cycle: young, middle-aged, and older adults. Differences in the level of healthy lifestyle, as well as factors affecting that, were investigated according to the groups. The data were collected in 2022, with 237 respondents from single-person households in Kimpo. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. The overall level of healthy lifestyle was found to be significantly higher for young adults compared to older adults. Results from multiple regression show that significant factors related to the healthy lifestyle of single-person households were gender, educational attainment, whether becoming a single-person household was voluntary, and whether the respondents had experienced discrimination as a single-person household. Significant factors differed by the sub-categories of the healthy lifestyle scale. This study has implications related to discovering differences in the level of healthy lifestyles of single-person households through examining the factors affecting it according to life cycle.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.891-899
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• 2024

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is centered on a personalized demand fulfillment economy and is all about transformation and flexible processing that can deliver what customers want in real time across space and time. This paper implements the construction and operation of a packaging platform that can instantly procure the required packaging products based on real-time orders and evaluates its performance. The components of customer satisfaction are flexible and dependent on the situation which requires efficient management of enterprise operational processes based on an e-SCM platform. An OMS optimized for these conditions plays an important role in maximizing and differentiating the efficiency of a company's operations and improving its cost advantage. OMS is a system of mass customization that provides efficient MOT(Moment of Truth) logistics services to meet the eco-friendly issues of many individual customers and achieve optimized logistics operation goals to enhance repurchase intentions and sustainable business. OMS precisely analyzes the collected data to support information and decision-making related to efficiency, productivity, cost and provide accurate reports. It uses data visualization tools to express data visually and suggests directions for improvement of the operational process through statistics and prediction analysis.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.684-689
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• 2012

Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) microspheres is one of the widely-used polymeric materials for the bio-field application and the electric materials. For the synthesis of PAA microspheres, the polymerization technique using surfactants is applied. After the synthesis, the purification and separation processes are required for the removal of surfactant. When general organic solvents were used, many problems, such as huge amount of waste solvent, additional separation processes, and the possibility of residual media, were occurred. Thus, High-pressure Soxhlet extraction using liquid $CO_2$ was developed to solve these problems. In this study, High-pressure Soxhlet extraction of the synthesized PAA microspheres using liquid $CO_2$ was conducted for the removal of Monasil PCA which is used for the dispersion polymerization of acrylic acid in compressed liquid Dimethyl ether (DME). The morphology of the extracted PAA particles was checked by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and the residual concentration of Monasil PCA was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). For studying the effect of the solvent effect, Soxhlet extraction was conducted using n-hexane, liquid DME, and liquid $CO_2$. In case of n-hexane, some extracted PAA microspheres were produced. However, deformation was also occurred due to the high thermal energy of n-hexane vapor. Liquid DME could not remove Monasil PCA. When using liquid $CO_2$, the extracted PAA microspheres which were free for the residual solvent were produced without deformation. For finding the optimum operating condition, high-pressure Soxhlet extraction was conducted for 8 hours with changing the temperature of reboiler and condenser. When the extractor temperature is $19.6{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$ and the pressure is $51.5{\pm}0.5$ bar, the best removal efficiency was obtained.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.211-253
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• 2005

Recently, the Korean Supreme Court released two important decisions concerning damages for the pain and suffering from Aircraft noise. The local people who are living near the Air Force practice site at Maehyang-ri and the Kimpo International Airport brought lawsuits against the Korean government requesting damages for their financial loss from the severe noise and the damages for their pain and suffering. Plaintiffs alleged that they suffered physical malfunctions, extreme disturbances and the reduction of property values from the extreme noises which were daily repeated. District Court of Seoul Province did not allow plaintiffs all but the damages for pain and suffering. Plaintiffs could not prove the causation between their financial loss and the noise. The Supreme Court confirmed the lower court's decision. Article V of the National Compensation Act (analogous to the Federal Tort Claims Act of the USA) reads, "the government shall be liable for any loss caused by the defect on establishment or maintenance of public facilities." In the two cases, the major issue was whether the government's establishment or maintenance of Air Force practice site and the airport was defective because they caused serious noise to surrounding neighbors. Previously, the Supreme Court interpreted the clause "defect on establishment or maintenance of public facilities" as failure of duty to provide safety measures to the degree generally required to ordinary manager. However the Court at this time interpreted differently that the defect could be found if the facility caused to any person loss to the degree intolerable. In the two cases the Court confirmed the lower court's finding that noise level at the site was severe enough to be intolerable. This standard is based on the severity of the loss rather than the failure of duty. It became easier for plaintiffs to prove the cause of action under this interpretation. The consequence of the ruling of these two cases is 'rush to the courtroom' by the local people at similar situations. The ruling of these two cases was not appropriate both in theory and in consequence. The Korean tort system is basically based on the theory of negligence. Strict liability is exceptional only when there is special legislation. The Court created strict liability rule by interpreting the Art. V of the National Compensation Act. This is against the proper role of the court. The result of the cases is also dismal. The government was already sued by a number of local people for damages. Especially the Department of Defense which is operating many airports nationwide has financial hardship, which will cause downsizing military practice by the Air Force in the long run, This is no good to anyone. Tens of millions of dollars which might be used for compensation might be better used to prevent further noise problem surrounding airports.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.225-246
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• 2020

More than technical or academic matter, mitigation of height restriction around airports is about up-dating out-dated policies that have not kept up with rapidly developing aircraft and air traffic control technologies. Above all, instead of calling out 'flight safety' that the public do not comprehend, it is important to examine and carry out measures that can protect people's right of property. MOLIT(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport) after reviewing ICAO's Obstacle Limitation Surface TF, made an announcement to provide further plans that would apply to contracting states from 2026. However, residents of redevelopment areas near Kimpo international airport asserted that MOLIT's policy overlooks the reality of the redevelopment zone. ICAO, UN's specialized agency for civilian aviation, recommends in Annex 14, 4.2.4 that contracting states conduct an aeronautical study to determine the flight safety of horizontal surface(45m), excluding approach surface, and to mitigate height restrictions if no threat is found. Numerous countries including the United States have been following this recommendation and have been able to effectively protect people's right of property, whereas the South Korean government have not following it so far. The number of height restriction mitigation cases in the recent three months (2019. 7. 15~10. 14.) FAA of the United States have allowed after conducting an aeronautical study reaches 14,706. Japan and Taiwan also reconstruct airspace around airports in metropolitan areas in order to protect people's right of property. Just as the United States is following, MLIT should follow ICAO's recommendation in Annex 14. 4.2.4(Vol. 1. Airport Construction / Operation) and protect people's right of property by first applying aeronautical studies to the horizontal surface(45m) of flight safety zones until the specifics of ICAO's 2026 TF materialize.