• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 1998

To investigate the materials in the preparation of kimchi for Koreans in the Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS) a survey was completed by 199 Koreans living in Moscow, Sahalin, Uzbekistan and Jazahstan, In the way to purvey the materials of Kimchi, the frequency to get all the materials of Kimchi in the markets is 74.7% on the whole and by regional groups the frequency is relatively high in Moscow and Kazahstan, For the main ingredients most respondents use Chinese cabbage, cabbage, or turnips. In general Chinese cabbage is used most, But the respondents who live in Moxcow and Kazahstan. For the main ingredients most respondents use Chinese cabbage, cabbage, or turnips. In general Chinese cabbage is used most, But the respondents who live in Moscow and Kazahstan. 쫴 are younger, or belong to higher emigrant generation, prefer cabbage kimchi. For the additional vegetables many respondents use carrots. For the seasonings, garlic, red pepper powder, and salt are added to Kimchi, but the use of ginger, whole seasame seed, and waxy rice paste is relatively low. The coriander, which is not added to kimchi in Korea, is used in Kimchi By above 80% of the respondents living in the three regions except Sahalin. It is considered to be due to the effect of the western dining cultural area. For the animal materials, 74.4% of the respondents add lightly salted fish to Kimchi and all toe respondents in Sahalin add salt-fermented sea food, the kind of which is mainly salt-fermented croaker. The reasons given for not adding salt-fermented seafood to Kimchi in the three regions except Sahalin, 59.9% of the respondents said it was because of the difficulty to purvey, 21.1% because of the fishy taste, and 16.8% because of not considering the addition of self-fermented sea food in Kimchi. The higher the emigrant generation of respondents, the less seasonings of strong flavor like garlic, red pepper powder, and salt-fermented sea food are used, and the more coriander is used. In the salting of Kimchi preparation, 97.8% of the respondents salt the main vegetables by soaking in brine and its concentration is controlled by experience.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2007

This study was to investigate women's use state and satisfaction for commercial brand kimchi. Survey was carried out by questionnaire method that was target on 322 female in Seoul. The results of study was that women who purchased commercial brand kimchi, 40% consider its taste the most essential component of purchasing commercial brand kimchi. 63.4% respondents prefer purchasing poggi kimchi among other different types of commercial brand kimchi. Commercial brand kimchi consumers were highly satisfied with kimchi package or service and then taste, while its price and sanitation were factors that they were low satisfied. According to correlation analysis among satisfaction components, there were positive correlations between taste, price, sanitation, fermentation degree and other factors.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1994

Although Korean people like Kimchi very much, Kimchi is generally limited in sodium restricted diet of hospital food service operation. The use of Kimchi in sodium restricted diet can improve appetite and nutritional status of patients. In this study, four kinds of Kimchi(Kwail-Nabakji, susan-Nabakji, suk-Gakduki, Oi-Gakduki) were Prepared and analyzed for their Sodium contents. the preference of Kwail-Nabakji and susan-Nabakji was compared with low sodium Juciy kimchi provided in the hospital in 25 patients who were restricted in sodium intake. The result were as follows: 1. In 2 kinds of low sodium juicy Kimchi that salt not added sodium contents of kwail-Nabakji(fruti-juicy Kimchi) and susan-nabakji(ginseng-Kimchi) were 17.8 mg/100g a 11.0 mg/100g, respectively. 2. The otehr 2 kimchies were prepared by adding dilute salted shrimp broth. suk-Gakd uki(boild radish-Kimchi) and Oi-Gakduki(cumcuber-Kimchi) had 89.8 mg/100g and 111.6 mg/100g sodium, respectively. 3. Na/k ratios of 4 kinds of low sodium kimchi were in the range of 0.34-0.62 which were lower than that of general Kimchies. 4. The patients preferred kwil-nabakji and susan-nabakji to low sodium juicy Kimchi provided in the hospital, and most liked Kwai-Nabakju. Therefore low sodium Kimchies can be recommended in sodium restricted diet because they have lower sodium contents then general Kimchies.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.499-507
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate American's perception and preference for Korean kimchi. A questionnaire was used to examine the perceptions of 126 males (40.4%) and 186 females (59.6%) residing in Illinois and California. Approximately 68% of the respondents had eaten Korean food. The perception of kimchi was the highest with a mean of 3.62. The respondents felt that the "Kimchi is a good side dish with cooked rice", "Kimchi (with garlic) prevents SARS", which was significantly different (M=3.06, p< .001), and "Kimchi prevents adult diseases" (M=3.24, p< .01). When evaluating the different kinds of kimchi, onion juice kimchi had the most preferred taste and also the highest overall acceptability (M=5.50, p< .05) of the second days. In the sensory evaluation by kimchi use, the best taste (p< .001) was in the order of kimchi pizza (M=6.58), kimchi dumplings (M=6.40), and kimchi chicken a'laking (M=6.33). The order for overall acceptability (p< .001) was kimchi dumplings (M=6.30), kimchi pizza (M=6.25), kimchi bacon roll, kimchi fried rice, and kimchi chicken a'laking (M=6.17).

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.388-394
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• 1999

일본의 남녀 대학생 10명을 대상으로 김치와 김치이용 음식에 대하여 기호도를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1.양념비율에 따른 김치의 기호도에 있어서 100% 양념 김치에 대한 선호도가 가장 높았다. 2. 저장기간에 있어서는 담근 당일의 기호도가 가장 높았고 저장 1일째부터 5일째까지는 완만하게 낮아지다가 7일째는 급격하게 선호도가 떨어졌다. 3.전반적으로 여학생이 남학생보다 김치에 대한 선호도가 높았다. 4. 김치이용음식의 경우 김치만두는 외관에서, 김치라면은 냄새와 맛에서 가장 높은 기호도를 나타내었다. 5. 김치의 pH 변화는 담근김치가 6.18∼4.00, 시판김치는 5.63∼4.56의 범위를 나타내었으며, 저장 1-2일에는 pH가 다소 높아졌다가 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 6. 양념비율이 높을수록 염도가 높았고 저장기간이 경과할수록 염도가 낮아지다가 저장 6∼7일경에 다시 다소 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 7. 담근 김치의 총비타민 C함량은 시판김치보다 다소 높았다. 환원형 비타민 C는 양념 50% 김치에서 저장기간에 따라 비교적 안정된 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2016

This paper provides an overview of kimchi packaging technology, focusing on packaging materials, package design, and active/intelligent packaging technology for kimchi. From a packaging-material standpoint, although various materials have been used to ensure customer satisfaction and convenience, plastic is the most widely used material, in the form of bags, trays, pouches, and rigid containers. Additionally, recent efforts in the kimchi packaging industry have allowed companies to differentiate their products by using different packaging materials and technologies, while simultaneously improving product safety and quality. On the other hand, the biggest problem in kimchi packaging is excess $CO_2$ production, leading to package expansion and leakage. To alleviate this problem, the use of $CO_2$ absorbers, high $CO_2$-permeable films, and degassing valves, in addition to the use of different packaging systems, has been investigated. Active and/or intelligent packaging systems have been developed, to include active functions beyond simply inert, passive containment and protection of the kimchi product. However, most such approaches are not yet adequately effective to be useful on a commercial scale. Therefore, further studies are needed to resolve the limitations of each technology.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2014

In 1995 Kimchi refrigerator was developed at first, and has used HFC-134a as refrigerant. Kimchi refrigerator has been made 1,044,694 on the basis of 2010, disposed about 160,000 per year. Although mobile air conditioning, commercial refrigerator, general refrigerator is regarded as a major source of HFC-134a, little information is available for its emission characteristics of HFC-134a. This paper addresses the fugitive emission factors of Kimchi refrigerator at use-phase and disposal-phase. The residual quantities of Korean-made fifty three waste Kimchi refrigerators were weighed using a commercial recover of refrigerants to determine the emission factors at the disposal-phase. On the other hand, the emission factors at use-phase were estimated from the residual quantities and operating times. The average residual rate of forty three scarp Kimchi refrigerators is determined to be $74.6{\pm}5.2%$. The emission factor at the use-phase is estimated to be $3.5{\pm}0.8%/yr$ as a result of using average age of 11.7 years and the average residual rate determined here. The emission factor at the disposal-phase is determined to be 31.3% after adopting 58% of the recycling rate of refrigerant reported by Recycling Center. We estimate 3.1 g/yr for the average emission quantity of HFC-134a per operating refrigerator, while 22.5 g for that per waste Kimchi refrigerator. Since the chemical compositions of refrigerant of waste Kimchi refrigerator were the same as those of new refrigerant, it is expected that the HFC-134a recovered from waste Kimchi refrigerator can be reused for refrigerant.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.459-470
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• 2016

절임배추와 양념으로 구성된 제품에 대한 품질 특성 정보를 제고하고, 버무린 형태로 저장된 김치와 절임배추와 양념을 분리 저장한 후 버무린 김치의 품질 특성의 차이를 확인하기 위해 $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 1주 간격으로 품질특성을 분석하였다. 절임배추의 산도 및 일반세균수 변화 결과, 염수 침지에 따른 절임배추의 품질유지 효과가 나타났으며, 외관 및 관능적 품질 특성 결과를 토대로 염수 침지하지 않은 절임배추의 저장한계는 1주, 염수침지한 절임배추의 저장한계는 2주 이내임을 알 수 있었다. 특히, 염수량이 많을수록 품질 유지에 더욱 효과적이었으며 관능적 특성에서도 다소 높은 점수를 받았다. 양념은 저장 8주 동안 산도가 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 미생물학적 및 관능적 품질특성에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 0일차에 제조하여 $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 김치와 $4^{\circ}C$에서 각각 저장된 절임배추와 양념을 이용하여 매주 제조한 김치의 품질 특성을 분석한 결과, 0일차에 제조하여 저장한 김치보다 저장된 절임배추와 양념으로 매주 제조한 김치의 pH가 높고, 산도가 낮아 발효 지연효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 3주차 저장된 절임배추와 양념으로 제조한 김치의 경우 신냄새, 신맛 등의 지표에서 김치형태로 저장된 것보다 유의적으로 낮은 점수를 받았다. 전반적인 기호도에서도 분리 저장 후 제조한 김치에서 높은 점수를 받았으나 유의적인 차이는 확인되지 않았다. 이상의 결과, 절임배추와 양념으로 제품화할 경우 절임배추는 품질유지를 위해 염수에 침지하여 포장하는 방법이 효과적이며, 분리 저장된 절임배추와 김치 양념을 혼합하여 김치로 제조하여도 처음부터 김치 형태로 제조하여 저장한 것과 비교하여 발효가 지연되면서 관능적으로도 문제가 없어 김치의 가식기간을 연장할 수 있는 방법이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2005

Kimchi noodle have a original taste and characteristics. This noodle was used for sour kimchi, kimchi taste powder, red bean fiber and emulsified oil etc. with RS(resistant starch) premix as blended wheat flour mixed to resistant starch. For manufacturing process of this kimchi mixed dry noodle, suitable kimchi of $pH3.70{\sim}3.80$ was required storage period during $4{\sim}5days$ at room temperature. At this point, the suitable treating amount of sour kimchi was about 20%(w/w) level. Manufacturing of kimchi noodle could be at the suitable manufacturing condition from use of kimchi taste powder and red bean fiber etc. Calori of this kimchi noodle was 308.17Kcal/100g as low level than wheat flour noodle as 355.82Kcal/100g, decreasing effect of calori was about 13.39%. This kimchi noodle had a characteristic sour and hot taste, that wasn't required the special seasoning and/or soup at this result.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.780-788
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception and preference for Korean Kimchi in Singapore. A questionnaire was answered by both male 236(43.0%) and female 313(57.0%) college students residing in Singapore. The results were as follows : the nationality of Kimchi as Korean was given by 86.9% of the participants, and 48.7% had eaten Kimchi. For their perceptions on Kimchi, the highest answer at a mean of 3.95 was 'Kimchi is a good side dish with cooked rice'. It was significantly different than 'Kimchi is delicious'(M=3.14, p<.05). In the evaluation of different kinds of Kimchi, taste was highest for anchovy dachi Kimchi(M=5.50) on the fourth day of fermentations, and overall acceptability was also highest for the anchovy dachi Kimchi(M=6.18) on the fourth day(p<.001). In the sensory evaluation by Kimchi use, the best taste was in the order of Kimchi Salad(M=6.10), Kimchi Bacon Roll(M=6.00) and Kimchi Croquette(M=5.67), and the order for overall acceptability was Kimchi Salad(M=6.10), Kimchi Bacon Roll(M=6.00) and Kimchi Croquette(M=5.92).