• 제목/요약/키워드: Kim Il Sung

검색결과 5,846건 처리시간 0.05초

Enhancement of Antigen-specific Antibody and $CD8^+$ T Cell Responses by Codelivery of IL-12-encapsulated Microspheres in Protein and Peptide Vaccination

  • Park, Su-Hyung;Chang, Jun;Yang, Se-Hwan;Kim, Hye-Ju;Kwak, Hyun-Hee;Kim, Byong-Moon;Lee, Sung-Hee;Sung, Young-Chul
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.186-196
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    • 2007
  • Background: Although IL-12 has been widely accepted to playa central role in the control of pathogen infection, the use of recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) as a vaccine adjuvant has been known to be ineffective because of its rapid clearance in the body. Methods: To investigate the effect of sustained release of IL-12 in vivo in the peptide and protein vaccination models, rIL-12 was encapsulated into poly ($A_{DL}$-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Results: We found that codelivery of IL-12-encapsulated microspheres (IL-12EM) could dramatically increase not only antibody responses, but also antigen-specific $CD4^+\;and\;CD8^+$ T cell responses. Enhanced immune responses were shown to be correlated with protective immunity against influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) virus challenge. Interestingly, the enhancement of $CD8^+$ T cell response was not detectable when $CD4^+$ T cell knockout mice were subjected to vaccination, indicating that the enhancement of the $CD8^+$ T cell response by IL-12EM is dependent on $CD4^+$ T cell "help". Conclusion: Thus, IL-12EM could be applied as an adjuvant of protein and peptide vaccines to enhance protective immunity against virus infection.

알루미늄탄소나노튜브 복합재의 가공 방법과 탄소나노튜브 함량에 따른 트라이볼로지 특성 (Tribological Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube Aluminum Composites According to Fabrication Method and Content of Carbon Nanotube)

  • 이영제;이중희;김일영;이규선;백승현;윤정일;김영직
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.269-274
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    • 2008
  • Carbon nanotube composite is considered to be a good candidate material for composite material because of its excellent mechanical property and low density under high temperature as well as good wear and frictional properties. In this study, tribological characteristics of carbon nanotube aluminum composite were evaluated using pin-on-disk wear tester. Spark Plasma Sintering method is more effective than Hot Pressing method in terms of wear and friction. The composite with 1% CNT has the lowest friction and wear characteristic.

화재유동장의 속도측정 오차에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Velocity Measurement Uncertainty for Fire-Driven Flows)

  • 김성찬;김정용;정성용
    • 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국화재소방학회 2011년도 추계학술논문발표회 논문집
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    • pp.155-158
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    • 2011
  • 유속을 측정하기 위한 다양한 기법들 가운데 양방향 저속 차압 프로브(bi-directional low velocity pressure probe)는 고온의 연소생성물이 존재하는 조건에서 화재유동장의 속도 측정에 가장 적합한 방법으로 인식되어 왔다. 그러나 양방향 유속계의 프로브 상수(probe constant)는 레이놀즈 수와 유동과 프로브의 받음각(attack angle)에 크게 영향을 받게 된다. 본 연구에서는 화재유동장 측정 기법들을 비교 평가하고 양방향 유속계의 받음각에 따른 프로브 상수의 변화를 실험적으로 평가하여 양방향 유속계의 측정 오차를 정량함으로서 화재 유동장 측정의 신뢰성 향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

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The properties of ginseng saponins metabolizing intestinal bacteria

  • Choo, Min-Kyung;Lee, Mi-Ji;Sung, Jong-Hwan;Park, Sung-Hwan;Kim, Dong-Hyun
    • 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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    • pp.334.3-334.3
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    • 2002
  • Ginseng(the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Araliaceae) has been used for thousands of years as a traditional medicine in Asian countries. The main components of Ginseng are ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2 and Rc. These compounds are transformed by intestinal microflora. The main metabolite of ginsenosides was compoud K (IH-901). The transformed compound K shows an antimetastic or anticarcinogenic effect by blocking tumor invasion or preventing chromosomal aberration and tumorigenesis. Therefore. we isolated and characterzed ginseng saponin-metabolizing bacteria from human intestinal microffora. Among 200 tested intestinal bacteria. we found 78 bacteris to transform glnseng senseng saponins to compound K. These bacteria were seperated into three group: the first group highy produced ginsenside Rd (29) the second grop produced potently ginsenoside F2 (21) and the third produced compound K(28)

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